FnoijWD&gRffi 


'7yk^(ujy 


y';   -71 


ONE  THOUSAND  SECRETS 


OF 


RICH  AND  WISE  MEN 

REVEALED 


BY 

C.  A.  BOGARDUS 
Champion  Quick  Shot  of  the  World,  Aurora,  Ills. 


PRICE  $1.50 


ooptrighted  1898 
Bt  C.  a.  BOGARDD*. 


PREFACE. 

Agesilaus,  king  of  Sparta,  being  asked  what  things  h„ 
thought  most  proper  ior  fioys io  /earn,  replied:  "Those  things 
which  they  should //'a^//r<?  when  they  become  wf«."  His 
reply  was  in  perfect  harmony  with  the  good  judgment  of 
mankind,  and  cannot  fail  to  be  appreciated  by  all  who  have 
good  common  sense.  If  Agesilaus  lived  at  the  present 
time,  the  question  would  most  probably  have  included  both 
hoys  and  girls,  and  undoubtedly  his  reply  would  be  so 
worded  as  to  apply  to  men  and  women. 

Mankind,  especially  of  the  United  States,  has  two  great 
duties.  First,  that  of  self-support  and  education.  Second, 
that  of  governmental  support  and  national  enlightenment. 
While  I  have  thus  divided  man's  responsibility  in  two  parts, 
it  might  not  be  improper  to  obliviate  the  dividing  line  and 
say  that  man's  duties  are  all  under  one  comprehensive  head 
viz.:  "  Mankind's  duty  is  to  man,"  However,  in  the  prep- 
aration of  this  volume  the  dividing  line  is  recognized  andt 
two  general  departments  are  presented  ;  that  of  domestic 
or  household  economy,  and  national  or  political  economy. 
The  former  department  is  a  compilation  of  useful  household 
formulas  so  arranged  and  worded  as  to  form  a  neat  and  con- 
cise household  receipt  book.  Frequent  reference  to  its 
pages  will  impart  such  information  as  will  enable  the  reader 
to  save  money  and  at  the  same  time  enjoy  life. 

Department  number  two  treats  on  social  questions  that 
are  now  knocking  at  humanity's  intellectual  threshold  for 
admission  and  solution. 

Records  show  that  less  than  one-thirtieth  part  of  the  time 
of  man  in  general  is  consumed  in  productive  pursuits,  yet 
some  people  toil  diligently  three-fifths  of  their  time  and 
receive  only  a  scanty  living.  To  assist  in  making  clear  the 
road  to  private  and  national  prosperity  is  therefore  the 
motive  which  actuates  me  in  the  publication  of  this  book. 

C.  A.  B. 


CONTENTS. 


Ctiaptar.  Page. 

I.    Quick  Shooting  Records  of  C.  A»  Bogardus,     -  5 

II.     Medical  Department, 9 

Accidents  and  Emergencies — What  to  Do,        -  21 

Poisons  and  Their  Antidotes,  -        •        -        -  24 

III.  Ink  Department, 26 

IV.  Cosmetic  Department, 32 

V.     Farrier  Department, 36 

How  to  Tell  the  Age  of  Horses,  Cattle,  etc.,  -         41 

VI.     Chemical  Department, 45 

VII.     Miscellaneous  Department,      -        -        -        -     .    53 
What  to   Invent,   and    How  to    Protect    Your 

Invention, 78 

Candy — Directions  for  Making  all  kinds  rtf,    -         83 
VIII.     Coin  Department— Illustrated  List  and  Tables 

of  Values  of  Rare  Coins,         -        -        -        -    97 

IX.     Loisette's  System  of  Memory,  -        -        .        -       108 

Useful  Tables  of  Mnemonics,     ...        -  112 

Facts  Worth  Knowing, 123 

Gems  of  Thought  from  Poor  Richard's  Almanac,  etc.,  135 

Speeches  of  C.  A.  Bogardus, 149 

Address  Delivered  at  Farmington,  Iowa,        -        -        -  150 

Speech  at  Decatur,  Indiana, 156 

Speech  at  Jacksonville,  111., 167 


CHAPTER  I. 

QUICK  SHOOTING  RECORDS. 

From  the  time  I  was  twelve  years  old  I  was  considered 
a  very  fine  shot  with  a  rifle,  although  I  did  but  very  little 
shooting,  and,  in  fact,  for  years  did  not  know  that  I  was  any 
more  than  a  common  marksman  ;  yet  in  any  contests  while 
a  boy  I  always  won. 

One  day  in  June,  1884,  while  passing  a  shooting  gallery, 
my  friends  called  me  in  for  a  match  to  pay  for  shots  :  I 
beat  them  all  shooting,  my  score  was  11  consecutive  bulls 
eyes,  while  none  of  my  friends  had  made  half  that  score. 
The  boys  said  I  did  well,  to  which  I  jestingly  remarked  that 
"that  was  common  shooting  for  me,  just  throw  up  an  ap- 
ple and  1  will  hit  it."  The  apple  was  thrown  up,  and  I  hit 
it,  which  was  as  much  of  a  surprise  to  me  as  it  was  to  any  of 
the  rest.  I  then  borrowed  a  22  calibre  Stevens  rifle  and 
practiced  shooting  at  objects  thrown  in  the  air,  first  shooting 
at  tomato  cans,  afterwards  at  smaller  objects,  and  finally  at 
marbles  and  various  other  small  objects.  By  practicing 
half  an  hour  a  day,  within  a  month  I  could  hit  70  per  cent  of 
the  glass  balls  which  were  thrown  in  the  air.  On  July  4, 
1884,  I  shot  a  match  with  James  Robinson,  at  Pratt,  Kansas; 
conditions,  10  glass  balls  each  at  21  foot  rise,  he  using  a 
shot  gun,  I  a  rifle  ;  I  lost  with  a  score  of  4  to  6.  This  is  the 
only  match  I  ever  lost  with  a  rifle  against  a  shot  gun.  The 
\rouble  with  me  was,  this  being  my  first  match  I  was  think- 
ing more  about  the  stake  money  than  the  shooting.  Besides 
the  stake  money  which  I  lost,  I  had  to  treat  all  the  boys  who 
attended  the  match  ;  they  all  laughed  and  had  a  good  time 
at  my  expense. 

The  next  day  after  my  shoot  with  Robinson,  I  sent  to 
P.  Power  &  Son,  of  Cincinnati,  for  a  32  calibre  Wincheste/ 


6  ONE  THOUSAND   SECRETS   REVEALED. 

repeating  rifle.  I  continued  practicing  with  the  Winchester 
for  about  six  weeks,  when  I  challenged  G.  W.Washburn  of 
Kingman,  Kansas,  to  a  match.  (Mr.  W.  was  at  that  time 
champion  of  Kingman  County.)  He  to  use  a  shot  gun  at 
glass  balls  from  a  Moler  rotary  trap,  21  yards  rise,  I  to  use  a 
32  calibre  Winchester,  balls  from  a  straight  trap,  10)4  yards 
rise,  50  balls  each.  In  the  toss  up  I  won  and  preferred  to 
shoot  second.  The  score  was  a  tie  on  47  balls  ;  we  shot 
the  tie  off  at  10  balls  each  ;  again  we  tied  on  10  balls 
straight.  The  match  was  continued  at  10  balls  more  each. 
By  this  time  things  had  become  a  little  exciting.  Over 
$1500  was  bet  ;  many  were  betting$4  to  $1  against  me,  think- 
ing that  I  would  lose  my  nerve  and  go  to  missing.  Mr.  W. 
walked  to  the  score  for  the  third  time  and  broke  9  balls  out 
of  10  shot  at  ;  it  then  came  my  turn  to  shoot,  and  I  hit 
nine  balls  in  succession  when  I  was  interrupted  by  a  big  fel- 
low who  offered  to  bet  $25  I  would  miss  the  10th  ball:  this 
bet  was  accepted,  and  it  turned  out  that  the  fellow  had  just 
spoken  in  time  to  lose  his  $25,  for  the  10th  ball  had  not  got 
eight  feet  from  the  trap  when  I  broke  it.  I  won  this  match 
with  a  score  of  67  against  66  out  of  70  balls  shot  at.  I  then 
went  to  shooting  at  glass  balls  with  rifle  against  a  shot  gun, 
and  in  the  past  six  years  I  have  competed  against  92  good 
trap  shots  and  have  not  lost  a  match.  I  will  mention  only 
a  few  of  them.  In  the  Summer  of  '85,  in  Medicine  Lodge, 
Kansas,  an  expert  shooter  came  over  from  Cold  Water, 
Kansas,  to  shoot  with  me.  We  had  a  match  at  target,  dis- 
tance 90  feet,  with  22  calibre  Stephens  rifle  ;  he  used  globe 
and  peep  sight,  I  used  open  sights.  The  score  stood  in  my 
favor  114  to  107  out  of  a  possible  120,  at  a  quarter  inch  bulls 
eye.  The  next  day  we  shot  a  match  at  100  glass  balls,  he 
using  a  shot  gun,  I  a  rifle.  The  score  stood  99  to  94  in  my 
favor.  I  will  mention  a  match  which  I  had  in  Omaha,  Ne- 
braska,  in  August,  1886.  There  was  nothing  very  striking 
about  this  match  because  of  fine  shooting,  I  only  mention  it 
to  show  how  unfair  people  sometimes  are  toward  strangers. 
I  have  forgotten  the  man's  name,  but  he  was  a  barber  work- 
ing on  10th  street  ;    he  held  a  cliajaipion^p  medal  that  he 


QUICK   SnOOTINTi    RECORDS.  7 

had  won  in  Dakota  with  a  Winchester  rifle  at  fflass  balls. 
He  challenged  me  to  shoot  three  matches:  First,  100  glass 
balls  hanging  still  from  the  limb  of  a  tree,  fifty  yards  dis- 
tance. Second  match  at  100  balls,  10  yards  rise,  thrown  by 
hand.  Third  match,  each  to  shoot  100  glass  balls  laid  on 
the  ground  in  a  circle  200  feet  in  circumference,  balls  two 
feet  apart,  shooter  to  stand  in  the  center  of  the  circle,  the 
one  who  broke  the  balls  in  the  shortest  time  to  win,  but 
neither  of  us  was  allowed  more  than  133  shots  in  which  to 
break  the  100  balls.  I  had  heard  a  good  deal  said  of  this 
man,  over  Nebraska  everywhere  he  was  spoken  of  as  a  fine 
shot,  and  in  the  first  match  I  was  really  afraid  of  being 
beaten,  for  I  never  had  practiced  a  great  amount  at  station- 
ary targets,  but  on  the  whole  I  was  not  afraid,  for  the  party 
who  won  two  out  of  the  series  of  matches  was  to  be  declared 
the  winner.  In  the  first  match  I  broke  100  balls  in  206 
shots,  while  my  opponent  broke  82  in  the  same  number  of 
shots  ;  this  made  me  easy  winner  of  the  first  match.  In 
the  second  match  all  kinds  of  tricks  were  resorted  to,  to  beat 
me.  My  opponent's  friends  tried  to  rattle  me  by  offering 
to  bet  that  I  would  miss  certain  balls,  but  when  they  failed 
in  this,  the  party  throwing  the  balls  would  first  throw  a  ball 
four  feet  high,  then  one  20  feet  high,  while  my  opponent's 
were  thrown  uniformly.  Notwithstanding  the  fact  that  I 
was  treated  very  unfair,  the  score  stood  a  tie  on  83  balls  out 
of  100.  In  the  third  match  at  100  balls  in  shortest  time,  I 
won  easily,  breaking  the  100  balls  In  two  minutes  and  three 
seconds,  shooting  127  shots,  while  r^v  opponent  broke  61 
balls  in  133  shots,  time  four  minutes,  forty-two  seconds.  In 
Fort  Smith,  Arkansas,  March  21,  1889, 1  shot  on  time  at  100 
glass  balls  against  five  men  with  shot  gups,  I  using  32  cali- 
bre Winchester  rifle.  I  broke  100  balls  ip  ninety-five  sec- 
onds, while  the  five  men  broke  100  balls  in  three  minutes 
and  two  seconds.  Ravena.  Ohio,  July  4,  18S>0.  I  broke  250 
glass  balls  in  four  minutes  and  sixteen  seco^^ls.  At  New- 
ark, N.  Y.,  July  4,  1891,  I  broke  81  glass  b*  s  in  seventy- 
four  seconds,  31  of  which  I  broke  in  sixteen  seconds,  which 
is  far  the  best  record  ever  made  with  a  rifle.      Ii?  all  of  the 


8  ONE  THOUSAND   SECRETS   REVEALED. 

matches  I  had  assistants  to  load.  I  have  hit  89  44  calibre 
cartridge  shells  out  of  50  thrown  up,  67  22  calibre  cartridge 
shells  out  of  110  thrown  up.  The  most  difficult  feat  I  ever 
performed  was  hitting  7  balls  thrown  up  at  one  time.  This 
I  done  at  Shelby,  Michigan,  October  24,  1889,  using  a  44 
calibre  Winchester  rifle  loaded  with  shot  cartridges.  On 
July  4,  1893,  I  hit  1000  wooden  balls  with  22  calibre  Marlin 
rifle  in  17X  minutes,  which  is  9.25  minutes  quicker  than  the 
feat  has  ever  been  accomplished  by  any  other  person. 

In  concluding  this  article,  I  will  suggest  to  those  learning 
to  shoot,  that  as  a  workman  is  known  by  the  kind  of  tools  he 
uses,  it  is  equally  true  of  the  marksmen.  In  order  to  do 
good  shooting  a  good  gun  must  be  used.  As  a  repeating 
rifle  I  have  never  seen  the  equal  of  the  Marlin,  model  '92. 
When  the  gun  is  kept  in  good  repair,  used  with  well  loaded 
cartridges,  it  is  absolutely  sure  to  repeat,  a  thing  that  I  can- 
not say  of  any  other  repeating  rifle.  Although  others  are 
good,  I  consider  the  Marlin  the  best. 

C.  A.  BOGARDUS, 

Clmmpion  Quick  Shot  of  the  World. 


CHAPTER  II. 

MEDICAL   DEPARTMENT, 

BOGARDUS'  LINIMENT.— Take  two  ozs.  Oil  Cajeput. 
one  oz.  Oil  Spike,  one  oz  Oil  Sassafras,  one  oz.  Oil  Cloves, 
one  oz.  Oil  Organum,  Yz  oz.  Oil  Mustard,  oneoz.  Tine.  Capsi- 
cum, two  ozs.  Gum  Camphor,  one-half  Gallon  of  Alcohol. 
Use  as  other  liniments  for  any  ache  or  pain.  For  sore  throat 
or  hoarseness,  saturate  a  towel  with  the  liniment,  place  it 
over  the  mouth,  let  it  remain  so  for  4  or  5  hours  and  you 
will  be  cured.  For  croup,  bathe  throat  and  chest  with  the 
liniment.  Give  X  teaspoonful  of  liniment  in  one  teaspoon- 
ful  of  warm  water  every  5  to  10  minutes  till  relieved.  Also, 
let  the  child  breathe  the  fumes  of  the  liniment.  I  especially 
recommend  this  liniment  for  general  family  use. 

HEALING  SALVE.— One  lb.  Lard,  y^  lb.  Resin,  Y,  lb. 
Sweet  Elder  bark.  Simmer  over  a  slow  fire  4  hours,  or  until 
it  forms  a  hard,  brown  salve.  This  is  for  the  cure  of  cuts, 
bruises,  boils,  old  sores  and  all  like  ailments.  Spread  on  a 
cotton  cloth  and  apply  to  the  parts  affected. 

SPECIFIC  INFLAMMATORY  RHEUMATISM.— One 
oz.  Salt  Petre,  pulverized;  one  pint  Sweet  Oil.  Bathe  the 
parts  affected  three  times  a  day  with  this  mixture  and  a 
speedy  cure  will  be  the  result. 

ANOTHER  SALVE.— One  oz.  Sheep's  Tallow,  Beeswax 
one  oz.,  y'i  oz.  Sweet  Oil,  3^  oz.  Red  Lead,  two  ozs.  Gum 
Camphor.  Fry  all  these  together  in  a  stone  dish.  Continue 
to  simmer  for  4  hours.  Spread  on  green  basswood  leaves 
or  paper  and  apply  to  the  sore, 

MAGNETIC  OINTMENT.— One  lb.  Elder  Bark,  one 
lb.  Spikenard  Root,  one  lb.  Yellow  Dock  Root.  Boil  in  two 
gallons  of  water  down  to  one,  then  press  the  strength  out  of 


10  ONE  THOUSAND  SECRETS  REVEALED. 

the  bark  and  roots  and  boil  the  liquid  down  to  J^  gallon. 
Add  81bs.  of  best  Resin,  one  lb.  Beeswax,  and  Tallow  enough 
to  soften.  Apply  to  the  sores,  etc.,  by  spreading  on  linen 
cloth. 

OINTMENT  STRAMONIUM.— One  lb.  Stramonium 
Leaves,  three  lbs.  Lard,  Yz  lb.  Yellow  Wax.  Boil  the  Stra- 
monium Leaves  in  the  Lard  until  they  become  pliable,  then 
strain  through  linen.  Lastly  add  the  wax  previously  melted 
and  stir  until  they  are  cold.  This  is  a  useful  anodyne  appli- 
cation in  irritable  ulcers,  painful  hemorrhoids,  and  in  cutane- 
ous eruptions. 

CATHARTIC  PILLS— One-half  oz.  extract  Colacinth, 
in  powder,  three  drms.  Jolop  in  powder,  three  drms.  Cal- 
omel, two  scru.  Gamboge  in  powder.  Mix  these  together 
and  with  water  form  into  mass  and  roll  into  180  pills.  Dose, 
one  pill  as  a  mild  laxative,  two  in  vigorous  operations.  Use 
in  all  billions  diseases  when  purges  are  necessary. 

FOR  HEARTBURN— LOZENGES.— One  oz.  Gum 
Arabic,  one  oz.  pulverized  Licorice  Root,  X  oz.  Magnesia. 
Add  water  to  make  into  lozenges.  Let  dissolve  in  mouth 
and  swallow. 

ANOTHER  COUGH  CURE— (GOOD).— Take  the  white 
of  an  egg  and  pulverized  sugar;  beat  to  a  froth.  Take  a 
tablespoonful  every  hour  for  3  or  4  hours. 

TETTER  OINTMENT  —One  oz.  Spirits  Turpentine,  one 
ounce  Red  Precipitate  in  powder,  one  oz.  Burgundy  Pitch 
in  powder,  one  lb.  Hog's  Lard.  Melt  all  these  ingredients 
over  a  slcjw  fire  until  the  ointment  is  formed.  Stir  until 
cold.     Spread  on  a  linen  rag  and  apply  to  the  parts  affected, 

A  SURE  CURE  FOR  PILES.— Confection  of  Senna, 
two  ozs  ,  Cream  of  Tartar  one  oz.,  Sulphur  one  oz.,  Syrup  of 
Ginger  enough  to  make  a  stiff  paste;  mix.  A  piece  as  large 
as  a  nut  is  to  be  taken  as  often  as  necessary  to  keep  the 
bowels  open.     One  of  the  best  remedies  known. 

DIPHTHERIA. — Take  a  clean  clay  tobacco  pipe,  put  a 
live  coal  in  it,  then  put  common  tar  on  the  fire  and  smoke 
il,  jnnanng  apd  breatbiog  back  tbrougb  the  Dostrils. 


MEDICAL  DEPARTMENT.  11 

FEVER  AND  AGUE.— Quinine  one  scru.,  Elixir  Vitriol 
one  drm.  Dissolve  the  Quinine  in  the  Elixir  and  Tine,  of 
black  Cohosh  fourteen  drops.  Dose,  20  drops  in  a  little 
water  once  an  hour. 

CORNS— A  SURE  CURE  AND  PAINLESS  ERADI- 
CATION.— Extract  of  Cannabis  Indif;us  ten  grs.,  Salicylic 
Acid  6  grs.,  Colodin  one  oz.  Mix  and  apply  with  a  camel's 
hair  pencil  so  as  to  form  a  thick  covering  over  the  corn  for 
3  or  4  nights.  Take  a  hut  foot  bath  and  the  corn  can  easily 
be  removed  with  the  aid  of  a  knife. 

MAGIC  OIL.— One  gallon  Sweet  Oil,  two  ozs.  Oil  Hem- 
lock,  two  ozs.  Oil  Organum,  two  ozs.  Chloroform,  four  ozs. 
Spirits  Ammonia.  Mix.  Let  it  stand  24  hours  and  it  is 
ready  for  use.  Dose,  internally,  one  teaspoonful  for  adults. 
Bathe  the  affected  parts  well.  This  is  a  great  remedy  for 
aches  and  pains,  Rheumatism,  Neuralgia,  and  all  nervous 
and  inflammatory  diseases. 

CURE  FOR  SORE  THROAT  IN  ALL  ITS  DIFFER- 
ENT FORMS. — Two  o/.s.  Cayenne  Pepper,  one  oz.  common 
salt,  J^  pint  of  Vinegar.  Warm  over  a  slow  fire  and  gargle 
the  throat  and  mouth  every  hour.  Garlic  and  Onion  poul- 
tice applied  to  the  outside.  Castor  Oil  one  spoonful  to  keep 
the  bowels  open. 

DROPS  OF  LIFE. — One  oz.  Gum  Opium,  one  drm.  Gum 
Kino,  forty  grs.  Gum  Camphor,  J^  oz.  Nutmeg  powdered, 
one  pt.  French  Brandy.  Let  stand  from  one  to  ten  days. 
Dose,  from  30  to  40  drops  for  an  adult;  children, half  doses. 
This  is  one  of  the  most  valuable  preparations  in  the  Materia 
Medica,  and  will  in  some  dangerous  hours,  when  all  hope  is 
fled,  and  the  system  is  racked  with  pain,  be  the  soothing 
balm  which  cures  the  most  dangerous  disease  to  which  the 
human  body  is  liable — flux,  dysentery  and  all  summer  com- 
plaints. 

CATARRH,  POSITIVE  CURE.— Carbolic  Acid,  ten  to 
twenty  drops;  Vaseline,  one  or  tv/o  ozs.  Mix  and  use  with 
an  atomizer  3  or  4  times  per  day. 


12  OKE  thousand  secrets  REVfiALEt). 

COUGH  DROPS— Tine.  Aconite  5  drops,  Tine.  Asclepias 
one  drm.,  Glycerine  two  ozs.,  Syrup  of  Wild  Cherry.  Mix 
and  take  a  teaspoonful  every  40  minutes  until  relieved. 

EYE  WATER.— Table  Salt  and  White  Vitriol,  each  one 
teaspoonful.  Heat  them  on  earthen  dish  until  dry.  Now 
add  them  to  soft  water  J^  pint.  White  Sugar  one  teaspoon- 
ful. Blue  Vitriol  a  piece  as  large  as  a  common  pea.  Should 
this  be  too  strong  add  a  little  more  water.  Apply  to  the  eye 
3  or  4  times  a  day. 

TO  REMOVE  TAPE  WORM.— Let  the  patient  miss 
two  meals.  Give  two  teaspoonsful  powdered  Kamala. 
Should  the  bowels  not  move  within  two  and  a  half  hours 
give  another  teaspoonful  of  the  Kamala.  You  may  follow 
this  in  two  hours  by  from  half  to  one  oz.  Castor  Oil.  This 
is  a  positive  cure  for  Tape  Worm.  It  will  not  make  the 
patient  sick.  In  buying  the  drug  be  sure  and  get  Kamala, 
not  Camellea.  Kamala  is  in  appearance  like  quite  redbrick 
dust,  and  is  nearly  tasteless,  whereas  Camellea  is  of  a  yel- 
lowish color. 

A  SURE  CURE  FOR  SMALL  POX.— A  gentleman 
contributes  to  the  Chicago  News  the  following  as  a  sure  and 
never  failing  cure  for  small  pox :  One  ounce  Cream  of  Tar- 
tar dissolved  in  pint  of  boiling  water,  to  be  drank  when 
cold  at  intervals.  It  can  be  taken  at  any  time,  and  as  a  pre- 
ventive as  well  as  a  curative.  It  is  known  to  have  cured  in 
thousands  of  cases  without  a  failure. 

TO  STRENGTHEN  AND  INVIGORATE  THE  SYS- 
TEM.— Two  drms.  Essential  Salt  of  the  Round  Leaf  Cor- 
nel, one  scru.  Extract  Rhubarb,  one  scru.  Ginger  Powder. 
Make  into  pills,  and  take  for  a  dose  2  or  3  twice  a  day. 

GONORRHEA.— Balsam  of  Copabia  one  oz.,  Oil  of  Cu- 
bebs  two  drms.,  Laudanum  one  dram.  Mucilage  of  Gum 
Arabic  two  ozs.,  Sweet  Spirits  Nitre  half  oz.,  Compound 
Spirits  Lavendar  three  drms.,  Camphor  Water  four  ozs.. 
White  Sugar  two  drms.,  Oil  of  Partridge  Berry  five  drops. 
Mix.    Dose,  a  tablespoonf  ul  3  or  4  times  a  day. 


MEDICAL   DEf'ARTMF.NT.  13 

SURE  CORN  CURE.— One-half  ounce  Tincture  of 
Iodine,  one-half  ounce  Chloride  of  Antimony,  12  grains 
Iodide  of  Iron.  Mix.  Pare  the  corn  with  a  sharp  knife; 
apply  the  lotion  with  a  pencil  brush.  Put  up  in  one  ounce 
bottles.  Sell  for  25  to  40  cents.  This  sells  to  everybody. 
(See  price  of  labels.) 

N.  B. — The  law  imposing  stamp  duty  on  medicines, 
compounds,  perfumes,  cosmetics,  etc.,  has  been  repealed. 

RUSSIA  SALVE.— Take  equal  parts  of  Yellow  Wax  and 
Sweet  Oil,  melt  slowly,  carefully  stirring;  when  cooling  stir 
in  a  small  quantity  of  Glycerine.  Good  for  all  kinds  of 
wounds,  etc. 

PARADISE  LINIMENT.— Take  a  gill  of  Alcohol,  one- 
fourth  ounce  Tincture  Capsicum,  one-half  ounce  Paradise 
Seed,  cracked,  and  put  all  together.  For  rheumatism, 
sprains,  lameness,  etc. 

COURT  PLASTER. — This  plaster  is  a  kind  of  varnished 
silk,  and  its  manufacture  is  very  easy.  Bruise  a  sufficient 
quantity  of  Isinglass,  and  let  it  soak  in  a  little  warm 
water  for  twenty-four  hours.  Expose  it  to  heat  over  the  fire 
until  the  greater  part  of  the  water  is  dissipated  and  sup- 
ply its  place  by  proof  Spirits  of  Wine,  which  will  combine 
with  the  Isinglass.  Strain  the  whole  through  a  piece  of 
open  linen,  taking  care  that  the  consistency  of  the  mix- 
ture shall  be  such  that  when  cool  it  may  form  a  trem- 
bling jelly.  Extend  a  piece  of  black  or  flesh-colored 
silk  on  a  wooden  frame,  and  fix  it  in  that  position  by 
means  of  tacks  or  twine.  Then  apply  the  Isinglass,  after 
it  has  been  rendered  liquid  by  a  gentle  heat,  to  the 
silk  with  a  brush  of  fine  hair  (badger's  is  the  best.)  As  soon 
as  this  coating  is  dried,  which  will  not  be  long,  apply  a  sec- 
ond, and  afterward,  if  the  article  is  to  be  very  superior,  a 
third.  When  the  whole  is  dry,  cover  it  with  two  or  three 
coatings  of  the  Balsam  of  Peru.  This  is  the  genuine  court 
plaster.  It  is  pliable  and  never  breaks,  which  is  far  from 
being  the  case  with  spurious  articles  sold  under  the  same 
name. 


14  ONE  THOUSAND  SECRETS   REVEALED. 

A  CERTAIN  CURE  FOR  DRUNKENNESS.— Sul- 
phate of  Iron  five  grains,  Magnesia  ten  grains,  Peppermint 
water  eleven  drachms,  Spirits  of  Nutmeg  one  drachm,  twice 
a  day.  This  preparation  acts  as  a  tonic  and  stimulant,  and 
so  partially  supplies  the  place  of  the  accustomed  liquor, 
and  prevents  that  absolute  physical  and  mental  prostration 
that  follows  a  sudden  breaking  off  from  the  use  of  stimulat- 
ing drinks. 

FRENCH  LUSTRAL.— Take  Castor  Oil  three  ozs..  Al- 
cohol one  and  one-half  ozs..  Ammonia  one-sixteenth  of  an 
oz.,  well  shaken  and  mixed  together;  perfume  to  suit — Ber- 
gamot  or  any  other  perfume.  Splendid  hair  dressing.  Three 
ounce  bottles,  twenty-five  cents. 

LUNG  MEDICINE.— Take  Black  Cohosh  one-half  oz., 
Lobelia  one-fourth  oz..  Canker  root  three  fourths  oz..  Black- 
berry Root  H  of  an  oz.,  Sarsaparilla  one  oz..  Pleurisy  Root 
one-half  oz.,  steeped  in  three  pints  of  water.  Dose,  one 
tablespoonful  three  times  a  day,  before  eating.  Sure  cure 
for  spitting  blood. 

TOOTHACHE  DROPS.— Four  ounces  pulverized  Alum, 
fourteen  ozs.  Sweet  Spirits  of  Nitre.  Put  up  up  in  one  oz. 
bottles.  Retails  readily  at  25  cents  per  bottle.  This  is  the 
most  effective  remedy  for  toothache  that  was  ever  discov- 
ered, and  is  a  fortune  to  any  one  who  will  push  its  sale.  It 
sells  at  every  house. 

MAGNETIC  TOOTHACHE  DROPS.— Take  equal 
parts  of  Camphor,  Sulphuric  Ether,  Ammonia,  Laudanum, 
Tincture  of  Cayenne,  and  one-eighth  part  Oil  of  Cloves. 
Mix  well  together.  Saturate  with  the  liquid  a  small  piece 
of  cotton,  and  apply  to  the  cavity  of  the  diseased  tooth,  and 
the  pain  will  cease  immediately.  Put  up  in  long  drachm 
bottles.  Retail  at  25  cents.  This  is  a  very  salable  prepara- 
tion, and  affords  a  large  profit  to  the  manufacturer. 

GREEN  MOUNTAIN  SALVE.— Take  one  pound  Bees- 
wax, one  pound  of  soft  Butter,  and  one  and  one-half  pounds 
soft  Turpentine,  twelve   ounces   Balsam    Fir.      Melt   and 


MF.niCAI-    DEPARTMENT.  IS 

Strain.  Use  to  heal  fresh  wounds,  burns,  scakls  and  all  had 
sores. 

WARTS  AND  CORNS— TO  CURE  IN  TEN  MIN- 
UTES.— Take  a  small  piece  of  Potash  and  let  it  stand  in 
the  open  air  until  it  slacks,  then  thicken  it  to  a  paste  with 
pulverized  Gum  Arabic,  which  prevents  it  from  spreading 
where  it  is  not  wanted. 

LINIMENT— GOOD  SAMARITAN.— Take  98 per  cent. 
Alcohol  two  quarts,  and  add  to  it  the  following  articles: 
Oils  of  Sassafras,  Hemlock,  Spirits  of  Turpentine,  Tincture 
Cayenne,  Catechu,  Guaic  (guac),  and  laudanum,  of  each  one 
ounce.  Tincture  of  Myrrh  four  ounces,  Oil  of  Organum  two 
ounces,  Oil  of  Wintcrgreen  one-half  ounce.  Gum  Camphor 
two  ounces,  and  Chloroform  one  and  one-half  ounce.  This 
is  one  of  the  be.-t  applicatif)ns  for  internal  pains  known. 
It  is  superior  to  any  other  enumerated  in  this  work. 

PLAIN  COURT  PLASTER,  that  will  not  stick  and 
remains  flexible  :  Soak  Isinglass  in  a  little  warm  water  for 
twenty-four  hours,  then  evaporate  nearly  all  the  water  by 
gentle  heat.  Dissolve  the  residue  with  a  little  Proof  Spirits 
of  Wine,  and  strain  the  whole  through  a  piece  of  open  linen. 
The  strained  mass  should  be  a  stiff  jelly  when  cool.  Stitch 
a  piece  of  silk  or  sarcenet  on  a  wooden  frame  with  tacks  or 
thread.  Melt  the  jelly  and  apply  it  to  the  silk  thinly  and 
evenly  with  a  badger  hair  brush.  A  second  coating  must 
be  applied  after  the  first  has  dried.  When  the  both  are  dry 
apply  over  the  whole  surface  two  or  three  coatings  of  Bal- 
sam of  Peru.  This  plaster  remains  quite  pliable,  ana 
never  breaks. 

A  CURE  FOR  CANCER  (AS  USEt)  BY  A  NEW 
YORK  PHYSICIAN  WITH  GREAT  SUCCESS.)— Take 
Red  Oak  Bark,  and  boil  it  to  the  thickness  of  molasses,  then 
mix  with  sheep's  tallow  of  equal  proportion.  Spread  it  on 
leaves  of  Linnwood  green,  and  keep  the  plaster  over  ihe 
ulcer.     Change  once  in  eight  hours. 

DAVIS'  PAIN  KILLER.— One  quart  proof  Alcohol,  one 
drm.  Chloroform,  one  oz.  Oil  Sassafras,  one  oz.  Gum  Cam 


16  ONE  THOUSAND  SECRETS  REVEALED. 

phor,  one  drm.  Spirits  of  Ammonia,  two  drms.  Oil  of  Cayenne. 
Mix  well  and  let  stand  24  hours  before  using. 

AUGUST  FLOWER.— Powdered  Rhubarb  one  oz.  Gold- 
en Seal  H  oz.,  Aloes  one  dram..  Peppermint  Leaves  two 
drms..  Carbonate  of  Potash  two  drms..  Capsicum  five  grs., 
Sugar  five  ozs..  Alcohol  three  ozs.,  Water  ten  ozs.,  Essence 
of  Peppermint  twenty  drops.  Powder  the  drugs  and  let 
stand  covered  with  Alcohol  and  Water,  equal  parts  for  seven 
days.  Filter  and  add  through  the  filter  enough  diluted 
Alcohol  to  make  one  pint. 

BLOOD  PURIFIER— B.  B.  B.— Fluid  Extract  Burdock 
one  oz.,  Fluid  Extract  Sarsaparilla  one  oz..  Fluid  Extract 
Yellow  Dock  one  oz..  Fluid  Extract  Senna  one  oz.,  Syrup 
eight  ozs..  Alcohol  two  ozs.     Mix. 

BOSCHEE'S  GERMAN  SYRUP.  — Wine  of  Tar  two 
ozs..  Fluid  Extract  Squills  one  oz.,  Tinct.  Opium  two  drms., 
Fluid  Extract  Sanguinarie  two  drms.,  Syrup  of  Sugar  eight 
ozs.     Mix. 

CENTAUR  LINIMENT.— Oil  Speke  one  oz.,  Oil  Worm- 
wood one  oz.,  Oil  Sassafras  one  oz.,  Oil  organum  one  oz., 
Oil  Cinnamon  one  oz.,  Oil  Cloves  one  drm.,  Oil  Cedar  one 
drm.,  Sulphur,  Ether  one  oz..  Aqua  Ammonia  one  oz., 
Tinct.  Opium  one  oz.,  Alcohol  one  gal.  Mix.  This  is  an 
excellent  liniment  and  good  whenever  a  liniment  is  needed. 

CASTORIA. — Pumpkin  seed  one  oz.,  Cenria  Leaves  one 
oz.,  Rochelle  Salts  one  oz.,  Anise  Seed  %  oz..  Bi.  Carb. 
Soda  one  oz..  Worm  Seed  %  oz.  Mix  and  thoroughly  rub 
together  in  an  earthen  vessel,  then  put  into  a  bottle  and 
pour  over  it  four  ozs.  water  and  one  oz.  Alcohol,  and  let 
stand  four  days,  then  strain  oflf  and  add  Syrup  made  of 
White  Sugar,  quantity  to  make  one  pint,  then  add  %  oz. 
Alcohol  drops  and  five  drops  Wintergreen.  Mix  thoroughly 
and  add  to  the  contents  of  the  bottle  and  take  as  directed. 

HARTER'S  IRON  TONIC  — Calisaya  Bark  two  ozs.. 
Citrate  of  Iron  two  ozs  ,  Gentian  two  ozs.,  Cardamon  Seed 
two  ozs.,  Syrup  two  ozs  ,  Alcohol  two  ozs.,  Water  eight  ozs. 
Mix. 


MEDICAL  DEPARTMENf.  17 

HALL'S  BALSAM  FOR  THE  LUNGS.— Fluid  Extract 
Ipecac  %.  Qti.,  Fluid  Extract  Squills  one  oz.,  Chloroform  \i 
oz.,  Wine  of  Tar  one  oz.,  Tinct.  Opium  l-5th  oz  ,  Fluid 
Extract  of  Mullen  one  oz.,  Syrup  enough  to  make  one  pint. 

GODFREY'S  CORDIAL.— Tinct.  Opium  six  ozs.,  Molas- 
ses four  pints.  Alcohol  eight  ozs.,  Water  six  pints,  Carbonate 
Potash  four  drms.,  Oil  Sassafras  cut  with  Alcohol  one  drm. 
Dissolve  the  Potash  in  water,  add  the  Molasses  ;  heat  over 
a  gentle  fire  till  it  simmers,  remove  the  scum,  add  the  other 
ingredients,  the  oil  dissolved  in  the  Alcohol. 

HALL'S  HONEY  OF  HOURHOUND  AND  TAR.— 
Wine  of  Tar  one  oz..  Fluid  extract  of  Hourhound  one  oz  , 
Tinct.  Opium  one  drm..  Syrup  Orange  Peel  yi  oz.,  Honey 
three  ozs.,  Syrup  enough  to  make  one  pint. 

HOODS  SARSAPARILLA.— Fluid  Extract  Sarsaparilla 
one  oz.,  Fluid  Extract  Yellow  Dock  one  oz.,  Fluid  Extract 
Poke  Root^oz.,  Iodide  of  Potash  Yt.  oz..  Syrup  Orange 
Peel  one  oz.,  Alcohol  four  ozs.,  Syrup  enough  to  make  one 
pint. 

HAMLIN'S  WIZARD  OIL.— Oil  Sassafras  two  ozs.,  Oil 
Cedar  one  oz.,  Gum  Camphor  one  oz.,  Sulph.  Ether  two 
ozs.,  Chloroform  two  ozs.;  Tinct-  Capsicum  one  oz.,  Aqua 
Ammonia  two  ozs  ,  Oil  Turpentine  one  oz.,  Tinct  Quassia 
three  ozs.,  Alcohol  half  a  gallon.  Mix  and  you  have  a  fine 
liniment. 

HOP  BITTERS  — Hops  four  ozs..  Orange  Peel  two  ozs., 
Cardamon  two  drms.,  Cinnamon  one  drm..  Cloves  Yz  drm., 
Alcohol  eight  ozs.,  Sherry  wine  two  pints,  Simple  Syrup  one 
pint.  Water  sufficient.  Grind  the  drugs,  macerate  in  the 
Alcohol  and  Wine  for  one  week,  percolate  and  add  enough 
syrup  and  water  to  make  one  gallon. 

HOSTETTER'S  BITTERS.— Gentian  Root  (ground)  %. 
oz.,  Cinnamon  Bark  \^  oz.,  Cinchona  Bark  (ground)  K  oz.. 
Anise  Seed  ].i  oz.,  Coriander  Seed  (ground)  li  oz.,  Carda- 
mon  Seed  Y^  oz..  Gum  Kino  %  oz..  Alcohol  one  pint.  Water 
four  quarts.  Sugar  one  lb.  Mix  and  let  stand  for  one  week, 
pour  off  the  fluid,  boil  the  drug  for  a  few  minutes  in  oae 


18  ONE   THOUSAND  SECRETS  REVEALED. 

quart  of  water,  strain  off  and  add  first  the  fluid,  and  tlien  the 
sugar  and  water. 

INJECTION  BROU.— Water  four  ozs.,  Nitrare  Silver 
twenty  grs.,  Tinct.  Opium  J-a  oz.,  Sulph.  Bismuth  and 
Hydratis  two  oz.     Mix. 

JAYNE'S  EXPECTORANT. —Syrup  Squills  two  ozs., 
Tinct.  Tolu  one  oz.,  Spirits  Camphor  one  drm.,  Tinct. 
Digitalis  one  drm.,  Tinct.  Lobelia  one  drm,.  Wine  of 
Ipecac  two  drms.,  Tinct.  Opium  two  drms.,  Antimonia  two 
grains.     Mix. 

JAYNE'S  TONIC  VERMIFUGE. —Lsantonnie  twenty 
grs.,  Fluid  Extract  Pink  Root  three  drms.,  P'luid  Extract 
Senna  two  drms..  Simple  Elixir  two  ozs.,  Syrup  two  ozs. 
Mix  ;  take  tablespoonful  night  and  morning. 

MUSTANG  LINIMENT. —  Linseed  Oil  fourteen  ozs., 
Aqua  Ammonia  two  ozs.,  Tinct.  Capsicum  }i  oz..  Oil  Orga- 
num  K  oz..  Turpentine  one  oz.,  Oil  Mustard  )4.  oz.     Mix. 

S.  S.  S.  FLUID.  —  Extract  Phytolacca  one  oz.,  Fluid 
Extract  Sarsaprilla  one  oz  ,  Iodide  Potash  one  oz..  Extract 
Fluid  Xanthoxylon  yi  oz..  CuHver's  Root  Fluid  Extract 
one  oz.,  Acetate  Potash  one  oz.,  Cinnamon  Tinct.  H  oz., 
Tinct.  Cardamom  Seed  one  oz.,  Alcohol  four  ozs.,  Sugar 
3-2  lb..  Water  thirty-six  ozs.  Mix. 

SMITH'S  TONIC  SYRUP.— Fowler's  Solution  of  Arsenic 
two  drms.,  Culiver's  Root  one  oz..  Syrup  Orange  Peel  four 
ozs..  Simple  Syrup  twelve  ozs.  Mix.  Then  add  Chinchonia 
forty  grains  dissolved  in  Aromatic  Sulph.  Acid.  Shake 
to  mix  well. 

SOZODONT  FRAGRANT.— Tinct.  Soap  Bark  two  ozs., 
Tinct.  Myrrh  one  drm..  Glycerine  }i  oz.,  Water  1}^  oz.. 
Essence  Cloves  ten  drops,  Essence  Wintergreen  ten  drops, 
Tinct.  Cochineal  enough  to  color  Mix.  Accompanying 
the  above  is  a  powder  composed  of  prepared  Chalk,  Orris 
Root.  Carbonate  Magnesia,  of  each  equal  parts.     Mix. 

SHAKER'S CUTIVE  SYRUP.— Fluid  Extract  Blue  Flag 
twenty  drops.  Fluid  Extract  Culiver's  Root  twenty  drops. 
Fluid  Extract  Stalinga  twenty  drops,  Fluid  Extract  Voky 


MEDICAL  DEPARTMENT.  19 

Root  twenty  drops,  Fluid  Extract  Butternut  twenty  drops, 
Fluid  Extract  Dandelion  twenty  drops,  Fluid  Extract  Prince 
Pine  ten  drops,  Fluid  Extract  Mandrake  five  drops,  Fluid 
Extract  Gentian  five  drops.  Fluid  Extract  Calcium  five 
ilrops,  Fluid  Extract  Black  Cohoes  thirty  drops,  Tinct.  Aloe 
thirty  drops,  Tinct  Capsicum  ten  drops,  Tinct.  Sassafras 
thirty  drops,  Borax  one  drm..  Salt  ').(  drm.,  Syrup  three 
ozs..  Water  eight  ozs. 

AVER'S  CHERRY  PECTORAL.— Take  four  grains  of 
Acetate  of  Morphia,  two  fluid  drachms  of  Tincture  of  Blood- 
root,  three  fluid  drachms  each  of  antimonial  Wine  and 
Wine  of  Ipecacuanha,  and  three  fluid  ounces  Syrup  of  Wild 
Cherry.    Mix. 

BROWN'S  BRONCHIAL  TROCHES.— Take  one  pound 
pulverized  extract  of  Licorice,  one  and  one-half  pounds 
Pulverized  Sugar,  four  ounces  pulverized  Cubebs,  four 
ounces  pulverized  Gum  Arabic,  and  one  ounce  of  pulver- 
ized extract  of  Conium  ;  mix. 

SUCCUS  ALTERNS  (McDADE'S).— Fluid  Extract 
Starlinga  one  oz..  Fluid  Extract  Sarsaparilla  one  oz..  Fluid 
Extract  Phytolacca  Decandra  ^  oz.,  P'luid  Extract  Lappa 
Minor  one  oz.,  Fluid  Extract  Xanthoxylon  )4  oz..  Syrup 
fourteen  ozs.     Mix.     Teaspoonful  three  times  a  day. 

SEVEN  SEALS  OF  GOLDEN  WONDER.— Oil  Caje- 
put  two  drms.,  Oil  Sassafras,^  oz..  Oil  Organum  one  drm.. 
Oil  Hemlock  one  drm.,  Oil  Cedar  one  drm.,  Tincture  Cap- 
sicum X  oz.,  Alcohol  enough  to  make  one  pint. 

WAKEFIELD'S  WINE  BITTERS.— Cinchona  Bark 
four  ozs..  Gentian  Bark  two  ozs.,  Juniper  Berries  one  oz., 
Orange  Peel  one  oz,.  Lemon  Peel  fresh  sliced  X  oz.,  Cal- 
ifornia Port  Wine  four  pints.  Alcohol  one  pint.  Water 
three  pints.  Digest  or  let  stand  ten  days,  then  filter  and 
add  wine  enough  to  preserve  measure. 

ST.  JACOB'S  OIL. — Camphor  Gum  one  oz..  Chloral 
Hydrate  one  oz..  Chloroform  one  oz..  Sulphate  Ether  oneoz., 
Tinct.  Opium  (non-aqueous)  ^  oz..  Oil  Organum  }4  oz.,  Oil 
Sassafras  )4  oz.,  Alcohol  )4  gallon.     Dissolve  Gum  Cam- 


20  OKE  THOUSAND  SECRETS   REVEALED. 

phor  with  Alcohol  and  then  add  the  oil,  then  the  othei 
ingredients. 

R.  R.  R. — Alcohol  two  pints,  Oil  Sassafras  two  ozs.,  Oil 
Organum  two  ozs.  Camphor  Spirits  Yz  oz.,  Tinct.  Opium 
one  oz.,  Chloroform  one  oz.     Mix, 

PISO'S  CONSUMPTION  CURE.— Tartar  Emetic  foui 
grains,  Tine.  Tolu  Yz  oz.,  Sulphate  Morphia  four  grains, 
Fluid  Extract  Lobelia  two  drms.,  Chloroform  one  drm., 
Fluid  Extract  Cannabis  Indica  two  drms.,  Essence  Spear^ 
mint  ten  drops,  Hot  Water  eight  ozs.,  Sugar  four  ozs.  Dis- 
solve the  Morphia  and  Tartar  Emetic  in  hot  water  and  add 
the  rest. 

WARNER'S  TIPPECANOE  BITTERS.— Cardamon 
Seed  two  ozs.,  Nutmeg  one  drm.,  Grains  of  Paradise  one 
drm.,  Cloves  one  oz.,  Cinnamon  two  ozs.,  Ginger  one  oz., 
Orange  Peel,  one  oz.,  Lemon  Peel  one  oz..  Alcohol  one 
gallon.  Water  one  gallon,  Sugar  three  pounds.  Mix  and  let 
stand  for  six  or  seven  days  and  filter.  Then  add  enough 
water  to  make  four  gallons, 

WARNER'S  SAFE  CURE.— Take  of  Smart  Weed  four 
pounds,  boil  for  one  hour  with  one  gallon  of  soft  water,  add- 
ing warm  water  to  supply  waste  by  evaporation  ;  then  strain 
off  and  add  Acetate  Potash  four  ozs.,  Sugar  four  pounds. 
Boil  again  till  sugar  is  dissolved,  then  add  Alcohol  eight 
ozs.,  and  flavor  with  Oil  of  Wintergreen  cut  with  Alcohol. 

WAKEFIELD'S  BLACKBERRY  BALSAM.— Black- 
berries crushed  two  pounds.  Boiling  Water  four  ozs., 
Sugar  four  ozs.,  Jamaica  Ginger  four  grs.,  Alcohol  two  ozs. 
Mix  and  add  Syrup  enough  to  make  sixteen  ozs. 


ACCIDENTS   AND    EMERGENCIES. 


WHAT  TO  DO. 

II  an  artery  is  cut,  red  blood  spurts.  Compress  it  above 
the  wound.  If  a  vein  is  cut,  dark  blood  flows.  Compress  i* 
below  and  above. 

If  choked,  go  upon  all  fours  and  cough. 

For  slight  burns,  dip  the  part  in  cold  water  ;  if  the  skin  is 
destroyed,  cover  with  varnish  or  linseed  oil. 

For  appoplexy,  raise  the  head  and  body  ;  for  fainting,  lay 
the  person  flat. 

Send  for  a  physician  when  a  serious  accident  of  any  kind 
occurs,  but  treat  as  directed  until  he  arrives. 

SCALDS  AND  BURNS.— The  following  facts  cannot  be 

too  firmly  impressed  on  the  mind  of  thr  reader,  that  in  either  of  these  acci- 
dents the  firsts  best  and  often  the  only  remedies  required,  are  sheets  of 
wadding,  fine  wool,  or  carded  cotton,  and  in  the  default  of  these,  violet 
powder,  flour,  magnesia  or  chalk.  The  object  for  which'  these  several 
articles  are  employed  is  the  same  in  each  instance;  namely,  to  exclude  the  air 
from  injured  part;  for  if  the  air  can  be  effectually  shut  out  from  the  raw  sur- 
face, and  care  is  taken  not  to  expose  the  tender  part  till  the  new  cuticle  is 
formed,  the  cure  may  be  sately  left  to  nature.  The  moment  a  person  is 
called  to  a  case  of  scald  or  burn,  he  should  cover  the  part  with  a  sheet,  or 
a  portion  of  a  sheet,  of  wadding,  taking  care  not  to  break  any  blister  that 
may  have  formed,  or  stay  to  remove  any  burnt  clothes  that  may  adhere  to 
the  surface,  but  as  quickly  as  possible  envelop  every  part  of  the  injury 
from  all  access  of  the  air,  laying  one  or  two  more  pieces  of  wadding  on 
the  first,  so  as  to  effectually  guard  the  burn  or  scald  from  the  irritation  of 
the  atmosphere;  and  if  the  article  used  is  wool  or  cotton,  the  same  precau- 
tion, of  adding  more  material  where  the  surface  is  thinly  covered,  must  be 
adopted;  a  light  bandage  finally  securing  all  in  their  places.  Any  of  the 
popular  remedies  recommended  below  may  be  employed  when  neither 
wool,  cotton,  nor  wadding  are  to  be  procured,  it  being  always  remembered 
that  that  article  which  will  best  exclude  the  air  from  a  burn  or  scald  is  the 
best,  quickest,  and  least  painful  mode  of  treatment.  And  in  this  respect 
nothing  has  surpassed  cotton  loose  or  attached  to  paper  as  in  wadding. 

If  the  Skin  is  Much  Injured  m  burns,  spread  some  linen 

pretty  thickly  with  chalk  ointment,  and  lay  over  the  part,  and  give  the 
patient  some  brandy  and  water  if  much  exhausted;  then  send  for  a  medi- 
cal man.  If  not  much  injured,  and  very  painful,  use  the  same  ointment, 
or  apply  carded  cotton  dipped  in  lime  water  and  linseed  oil.  If  you  please, 
you  may  lay  cloths  dipped  in  ether  over  the  parts,  or  cold  lotions.  Treat 
scalds  in  same  manner,  or  cover  with  scraped  raw  potato;  but  the  chalk 
ointment  is  the  best.  In  the  absence  of  all  these,  cover  the  injured  part 
with  treacle,  and  dust  over  it  plenty  of  flour. 

BODY  IN  FLAMES.— Lay  the  person  down  on  the  floor 
of  the  room,  and  throw  the  table  cloth,  rugi  or  other  large  cloth  over  him« 
and  roll  him  on  the  floor. 


22  ONE  THOUSAND  SECRETS   REVEALED. 

DIRT  IN  THE  EYE.— Place  your  forefinger  upon  the 

chcek-hone,  liaviTi^  the  patient  before  you;  then  slightly  bend  the  finger, 
this  will  draw  down  the  lower  lid  of  the  eye,  and  you  will  probably  be  able 
to  remove  the  dirt;  but  if  this  will  not  enable  you  to  get  at  it,  repeat  this 
operation  while  you  have  a  netting-  needle  or  bodkin  placed  overthe  eye- 
lid; this  will  turn  it  inside  out,  and  enable  you  to  remove  the  sand  or  eye- 
lash, etc.,  with  the  corner  of  a  fine  silk  handkerchief.  As  soon  as  the 
substance  is  removed,  bathe  the  eye  with  cold  water,  and  exclude  the  light 
for  a  day.  If  the  inflammation  is  severe,  let  the  patient  use  a  refrigerant 
lotion. 

LIME  IN  THE  EYE. — Syringe  it  well  with  warm  vinegar 

and  water  in  the  proportion  of  one  ounce  of  vinegar  to  eight  ounces  of 
water;  exclude  lifjtit. 

IRON  OR  STEEL  SPICUL^E  IN  THE  EYE.— These 

occur  while  turning  iron  or  steel  in  a  lathe,  and  are  best  remedied  by  doub- 
ling back  the  upper  or  lower  eyelid,  according  to  the  situation  of  the  sub- 
stance, and  with  the  fiat  edge  of  a  silver  probe,  taking  up  the  metallic 
particle,  using  a  lotion  made  by  dissolving  six  grains  of  sugar  of  lead  and 
the  same  of  white  vitriol,  in  six  ounces  of  water,  and  bathing  the  eye  three 
times  a  day  till  the  inflammation  subsides.  Another  plan  is — Drop  a  solu- 
tion of  sulphate  of  copper  (from  one  to  three  grains  of  the  salt  to  one  ounce 
of  water)  into  the  eye,  or  keep  the  eye  open  in  a  wineglassful  of  the  solu- 
tion. Bathe  with  cold  lotion,  and  exclude  light  to  keep  down  inflam- 
mation. 

DISLOCATED  THUMB.— This  is  frequently  produced 

by  a  fall.  Make  a  clove  hitch,  by  passing  two  loops  of  cord  overthe  thumb, 
placing  a  piece  of  rag  under  the  cord  to  prevent  it  cutting  the  thumb;  then 
pull  in  the  same  line  as  the  thumb.     Afterwards  apply  a  cold  lotion. 

CUTS  AND   WOUNDS.— Clean   cut    wounds,  whether 

deep  or  superficial,  and  likely  to  heal  by  the  first  intention,  should  always 
be  washed  or  cleaned,  and  at  once  evenly  and  smoothly  closed  by  bringing 
both,edges  close  together,  and  securing  them  in  that  position  by  adhesive 
plaster.  Cut  thin  strips  of  sticking  plaster,  and  bring  the  parts  together; 
or  if  large  and  deep,  cut  two  broad  pieces,  so  as  to  look  like  the  teeth  of  a 
comb,  and  place  one  on  each  side  of  the  wound,  which  must  be  cleaned 
previously.  These  pieces  must  be  arranged  so  that  they  will  interlace  one 
another;  then,  by  laying  hold  of  the  pieces  on  the  right  side  with  one  hand, 
and  those  on  the  other  side  with  the  other  hand,  and  pulling  them  from 
one  another,  the  edges  of  the  wound  are  brought  together  withojitany 
difficulty. 

Ordinaiy  Cuts  are  dressed  by  thin  strips,  applied  by 
pressing  down  the  plaster  on  one  side  of  the  wound,  and  keeping  it  there 
and  pulling  in  the  opposite  direction;  then  suddenly  depressing  the  hand 
when  the  edges  of  the  wound  are  brought  together. 

CONTUSIONS  arc  best  healed  by  laying  a  piece  of  folded 

lint,  well  welted  with  extract  of  lead,  or  boracic  acid,  on  the  part,  and,  if 
there  is  much  pain,  placing  a  hot  bran  poultice  over  the  dressing,  repeat- 
ing both,  if  necessary,  every  two  hours.  When  the  injuries  are  very 
severe, lay  a  cloth  over  the  part,  and  suspend  a  basin  over  it  filled  with  cold 
lotion.  Put  a  piece  of  cotton  into  the  baisin,  so  that  it  shall  allow  the 
lotion  to  drop  on  the  cloth,  and  thus  keep  it  always  wet. 

HEMORRHAGE.,    when    caused    by    an    artery  being 

divided  or  torn,  may  be  known  by  the  blood  issuing  out  ot  the  wound  in 
leaps  or  jerks,  and  being  of  a  bright  scarlet  color.  If  a  vein  is  injured,  the 
blood  is  darker  and  flows  continuously.  To  arrest  the  latter,  apply  press- 
ure by  means  of  a  compress  and  bandage.  To  arrest  arterial  bleeding,  get 
a  piece  of  wood  (part  of  a  broom  handle  will  do),  and  tie  a  piece  of  tape  to 
one  end  of  it;  then  tie  a  piece  of  tape  loosely  over  the  arm.  and  oass  the 


MEDICAL  DEPARTMENT.  23 

other  end  of  the  wood  under  it;  twist  the  stick  round  and  round  until  the 
tape  compresses  the  arm  sulticienily  to  arrest  the  bleeding,  and  then  con- 
tine  the  ottier  end  hv  tyinK  the  strinjj  around  the  arm.  A  compress 
made  by  enfolding  a  penny  piece  in  several  folds  of  lint  or  linen  should, 
however,  be  tirst  placed  under  the  tape  and  over  the  artery.  If  the  bleed- 
injj  IS  very  obstinate,  and  it  occurs  in  the  tirnt.  place  a  cork  underneath 
the  string,  on  the  inside  of  the  fleshy  part,  where  the  artery  may  be  felt 
beating  by  anyone,  if  in  the  ie^,  place  a  cork  in  the  direction  of  a  line 
drawn  from  the  inner  part  of  the  Knee  towards  the  outer  part  of  the  groin. 
It  is  an  excellent  thing  to  accustom  yourself  lo  find  out  the  position  of 
these  arteries,  or,  indeed,  any  that  are  superficial,  and  to  explain  to  every 
person  in  your  house  where  they  are,  and  how  to  stop  bleeding".  If  a  stick 
cannot  be  got  take  a  handkerchief,  make  a  cord  bandage  of  it,  and  tie  a 
knot  in  the  middle;  the  knot  acts  as  a  compress,  and  should  be  placed  over 
the  artery,  while  the  two  ends  are  to  be  tied  around  the  thumb.  Observe 
always  to  flace  the  ligature  bft-jueen  the  wound  and  the  heart.  Putting 
your  finger  into  a  bleeding  wound,  and  making  pressure  until  a  surgeon 
arrives,  will  generally  stop  violent  bleeding. 

BLEEDING  FROM  THE  NOSE,  from  whatever  cause, 

may  generally  be  stopped  by  putting  a  plug  of  lint  into  the  nostrils;  if  this 
does  not  do,  apply  a  cold  lotion  to  the  forehead;  raise  the  head,  and  place 
over  it  both  arms,  so  that  it  will  rest  on  the  hands;  dip  the  lint  plug,  slight- 
ly moistened,  into  some  powdered  gum  arable,  and  plug  the  nostrils  again; 
or  dip  the  plug  into  equal  parts  of  powdered  gum  arable  and  alum,  and 
plug  the  nose.  Or  the  plug  may  be  dipped  in  Friar's  balsam,  or  tincture 
of  kino.  Heat  should  be  applied  to  the  feet;  and,  in  obstinate  cases,  the 
sudden  shock  of  a  cold  key,  or  cold  water  poured  down  the  spine,  will  often 
instantly 'Stop  the  bleeding.  If  the  bowels  are  confined  take  a  purgative. 
Injections  of  alum  solution  from  a  small  syringe  into  the  nose  will  often 
stop  hemorrhage. 

VIOLENT  SHOCKS  will  sometimes  stun  a  person,  and 

he  will  remain  unconscious.  Untie,  strings,  collars,  etc.;  loosen  anything 
that  is  tight,  and  interferes  with  the  breathing:  raise  the  head;  see  if  there 
is  bleeding  from  any  part;  apply  smelling-salts  to  the  nose,  and  hot  bottles 
to  the  feet. 

IN  CONCUSSION,  the  surface  of  the  body  is  cold  and 

pale,  and  the  pulse  weak  and  small,  the  breathing  slow  and  gentle, 
and  the  pupil  of  the  eye  generally  contracted  or  small.  You  can  get  an 
answer  by  speaking  loud,  so  as  to  rouse  the  patient.  Give  a  little  brandy 
and  water,  keep  the  place  quiet,  apply  warmth,  and  do  not  raise  the  head 
too  high.    If  you  tickle  the  feet,  the  patient  feels  it. 

IN  COMPRESSION  OF  THE  BRAIN  from  any  cause, 

such  as  appoplexy,  or  a  piece  of  'ractured  bone  pressing  on  it,  there  is  loss 
of  sensation.  If  you  tickle  the  feel  of  the  injured  person  he  does  not  feel 
it.  You  cannot  arouse  him  so  as  to  get  an  answer.  The  pulse  is  slow  and 
labored;  the  breathing  deep,  labored,  and  snorting;;  the  pupil  enlarged 
Raise  the  head,  loosen  strings  or  tight  things,  and  send  for  a  surgeon.  If 
one  cannot  be  got  at  once,  apply  mustard  poultices  to  the  feet  and  thighs, 
leeches  to  the  temples,  and  hot  water  to  the  feet. 

CHOKING. —  When    a  person  has   a   fish  bone   in   the 

throat,  insert  the  forefinger,  press  upon  the  root  of  the  tongue,  so  as  to  in- 
duce vomiting;  if  this  does  not  do,  let  him  swallow  a  large  piece  of  potato 
or  soft  bread;  and  if  these  fail,  give  a  mustard  emetic. 

FAINTING,  HYSTERICS,  ETC.— Loosen  the  trarments, 

bathe  the  temples  with  water  or  eau-de-Cologne;  open  the  window,  admit 
plenty  of  fresh  air,  dash  cold  water  on  the  face,  apply  hot  bricks  to  the 
feet,  ^'"'  "-'»•''  hi>o(i«"  and  excessive  sympathy. 


24  ONE  THOUSAND   SECRETS  REVEALED. 

DROWNING.— Attend  to  the  following  essential  rules. 

I.  Lose  no  time.  i.  Handle  the  body  gently.  3.  Carry  the  body  fao^ 
downwards,  with  the  head  g-ently  raised,  and  never  hold  it  up  by  the  feet, 
4,  Send  for  medical  assistance  immediately,  and  in  the  meantime  act  a« 
follows:  s-  Strip  the  body;  rub  it  dry,  then  wrap  it  in  hot  blankets,  and 
place  it  in  a  warm  bed  in  a  warm  room.  6.  Cleanse  away  the  froth  and 
mucous  from  the  nose  and  mouth.  7.  Apply  warm  bricks,  bottles  baRS  of 
sand,  etc.,  to  the  arm  pits,  between  the  thighs,  and  to  the  soles  of  the  feet. 
8.  Rub  the  surface  of  the  body  with  the  hands  inclosed  in  warm,  dry  wor- 
sted socks.  9.  If  possible,  put  the  body  into  a  warm  bath.  10.  To  restore 
breathing,  put  the  pipe  of  a  common  bellows  into  one  nostril,  carefully 
closing  the  other,  and  the  mouth;  at  the  same  time  drawing  downwards, 
and  pushing  gently  baclrwards,  the  upper  part  of  the  windpipe,  to  allow  a 
more  free  admission  of  air;  blow  the  bellows  gently,  in  order  to  inflate  tha 
lungs,  till  the  breast  be  raised  a  little;  then  set  the  mouth  and  nostrils  free, 
and  press  gently  on  the  chest;  repeat  this  until  signs  of  life  appear.  The 
body  should  be  covered  from  the  moment  it  is  placed  on  the  table,  except 
the  face,  and  all  the  rubbing  carried  on  under  the  sheet  or  blanket.  When 
they  can  be  obtained,  a  number  of  tiles  or  bricks  should  be  made  tolerably 
hot  in  the  fire,  laid  in  a  row  on  the  table,  covered  with  a  blanket,  and  the 
body  placed  in  such  a  manner  on  them  that  their  heat  may  enter  the  spine. 
When  the  patient  revives,  apply  smelling-salts  to  the  nose,  give  warm 
wine  or  brandy  and  water.  Cautions. — i.  Never  rub  the  body  with  salt  or 
spirits.  2.  Never  roll  the  body  on  casks.  3.  Continue  the  remedies  foi 
twelve  hours  without  ceasing. 

HANGING. — Loosen  the  cord;  or  whatever  it  may  be  by 

which  the  person  has  been  suspended.  Open  the  temporal  artery  or  jug- 
ular vein,  or  bleed  from  the  arm;  employ  electricity,  if  at  hand,  and  pro 
ceed  as  for  drowning,  taking  the  additional  precaution  to  apply  eight  o»- 
ten  leeches  to  the  temples. 

APPARENT     DEATH     FROM     DRUNKENNESS-^ 

Raise  the  head,  loosen  the  clothes,  maintain  warmth  of  surface,  and  givn 
a  mustard  emetic  as  soon  as  the  person  can  swallow. 

APOPLEXY  AND  FITS  GENERALLY  —  Raise  the 

head;  loosen  all  tight  clothes,  strings,  etc.;  apply  cold  lotions  to  the 
head,  which  should  be  shaved;  apply  leeches  to  the  temples,  bleed,  and 
send  for  a  surgeon. 

SUFFOCATION  PROM  NOXIOUS  GASES,  ETC.— 

Remove  to  the  fresh  air;  dash  cold  vinegar  and  water  in  the  face,  neck, 
and  breast;  keep  up  the  warmth  of  the  body;  if  necessary,  apply  mus- 
tard poultices  to  the  soles  of  the  feet  and  to  the  spine,  and  try  artificial 
respirations  as  in  drowning,  with  electricity. 

LIGHTNING  AND  SUNSTROKE— Treat  the  same  as 
apoplexy. 

POISONS  AND  THEIR   ANTIDOTES. 

Always  send  immediately  for  a  medical  man.  Save  all 
fluids  vomited,  and  articles  of  food,  cups,  glasses,  etc.,  used 
by  the  patient  before  taken  ill,  and  lock  them  up. 

As  a  rule  give  emetics  after  poisons  that  cause  sleepiness 
and  raving; — chalk,  milk,  eggs,  butter,  and  warm  water,  or 
oil,  after  poisons  that  cause  vomiting  and  pain  in  the  stomach 
and  bowels,  with  purging;  and  when  there  is  no  inflamma- 
tion about  the  throat,  tickle  it  with  a  feather  to  excite  vom' 


MEDICAL   DEPARTMENT.  25 

Vomiting  may  be  caused  by  giving  warm  water,  with  a 
teaspoonful  of  mustard  to  the  tumblerful,  well  stirred  up. 
Sulphate  of  zinc  (white  vitriol)  may  be  used  in  place  of  the 
mustard,  or  powdered  alum.  Powder  of  ipecacuanha,  a 
teaspoonful  rubl)cd  up  with  molasses,  may  be  employed 
for  cliildren.  Tartar  emetic  sliould  ne^'cr  he  frivcJi,  as  it  is 
excessively  depressing,  and  uncontrolable  m  its  effects. 
The  stomach  pump  can  only  be  used  by  skillful  hands,  and 
even  then  with  caution. 

Opium  and  other  Narcotics  —  After  vomitinfr  has  occurred,  cold  water 
should  be  dashed  over  the  face  and  head.  The  patient  must  be  kept 
awake,  walked  about  between  two  strong  persons,  made  to  prasp  the  han- 
dles of  a  eralvanic  battery,  dosed  with  strong  coffee,  and  vigorously 
slapped.  J^c/ZiK/owwrt  is  an  antidote  for  opium  and  for  morphia,  etc.,  its 
active  principles;  and,  on  the  other  hand,  the  latter  counteract  the  effects 
of  belladonna.  But  a  knowledge  of  medicine  is  necessary  for  dealing  with 
these  articles. 

Strychnia— \i\.cr  emetics  have  been  freely  and  successfully  given,  the 
patient  should  be  allowed  to  breathe  the  vapor  of  sulphuric  ether,  poured 
on  a  handkerchief  and  held  to  the  face,  in  such  quantities  as  to  keep  down 
the  tendency  to  convulsions.  Bromide  of  potassium,  twenty  grains  at  a 
dose,  dissolved  in  syrup,  may  be  given  every  hour. 

A icoholic  Poisoning  %ho\i\A  he  comhSitcA  by  emetics,  of  which  the  sul- 
phate of  zinc  given  as  above  directed,  is  the  best.  After  that,  strong 
coffee  internally,  and  stimulation  by  heat  e.xternally,  should  be  used. 

Acids  are  sometimes  swallowed  by  mistake.  Alkalies,  lime  water,  mag- 
nesia, or  common  chalk  mixed  with  water,  may  be  freely  given,  and  after- 
ward mucilaginous  drinks,  such  as  thick  gum  water  or  flaxseed  tea. 

Alkalies  are  less  frequently  taken  in  injurious  strength  or  quantity,  but 
■•sometimes  children  swallow  lye  by  mistake.  Common  vinegar  may  be 
given  freely,  and  then  castor  or  sweet  oil  in  full  doses — a  tablespoonful  at 
a  time,  repeated  every  half  hour  or  two. 

Nitrate  o/ silver  -vihtn  swallowed  is  neutralized  by  common  table  salt 
freely  given  in  solution  in  water. 

The  salts  of  mercury  or  arsenic  (often  kept  as  bedbug  poison),  which 
are  powerful  irritants,  are  apt  to  be  very  quickly  fatal.  Milk  or  the  whites 
of  eggs  may  be  freely  given,  and  afterward  a  very  thin  paste  of  flour  and 
water.  In  these  cases  an  emetic  is  to  be  given  after  the  poison  is  neu- 
tralized. 

Phosphorus  paste,  kept  for  roach  poison  or  in  parlor  matches,  is  some- 
times eaten  by  children,  and  has  been  willfully  taken  for  the  purpose  of 
suicide.  It  is  a  powerful  irritant.  The  first  thing  to  be  done  is  to  give 
freely  of  magnesia  and  water;  then  to  give  mucilaginous  drinks,  as  flax- 
seed tea,  gum  water  or  sassafras  pith  and  water;  and  lastly  to  administer 
finely-powdered  bone-charcoal,  either  in  pill  or  in  mixture  with  water. 

In  no  case  of  poisoning  should  there  be  any  avoidable  delay  in  obtaining 
the  advice  ofa  physician,  and,  meanwhile,  the  friends  or  bystanders  should 
endeavor  to  find  out  exactly  what  has  been  taken,  so  that  the  treatment 
adopted  may  be  as  prompt  and  effective  as  possible. 


CHAPTER  III. 

INK   DEPARTMENT. 

RED  INK.— Two  ounces  Cochineal,  bruised  ;  pour  over 
it  one  quart  Boiling  Water,  let  it  stand  eight  hours.  Boil 
two  ounces  Brazil  Wood  in  one  pint  of  Water,  let  it  stand 
eight  hours  and  then  add  the  two  together.  Dissolve  one- 
half  ounce  Gum  Arabic  in  one-half  pint  Hot  Water;  add  all 
together  and  let  stand  four  days.     Strain  and  bottle  for  use, 

BLUE  INK. — Six  parts  Persian  Blue,  one  part  Oxalic 
Acid  ;  triturate  with  little  Water  to  smooth  paste,  add  Gum 
Arabic  and  the  necessary  quantity  of  Water. 

INDELIBLE  INK  TO  MARK  LINEN.— One  and  a 
half  ounces  Nitrate  of  Silver  dissolved  in  six  ounces  Liquor 
Ammonia  Fortis,  one  ounce  Archill,  for  coloring  ;  one-half 
ounce  Gum  Arabic.     Mix. 

FOR  YELLOW.— Write  with  Muriate  of  Antimony; 
when  dry  wash  with  Tincture  of  Galls, 

BLACK. — Write  with  a  Solution  of  Green  Vitriol  and 
wash  with  Tincture  of  Galls. 

BLUE. — Nitrate  of  Cobate,  wash  with  Oxalic  Acid. 

YELLOW. — Subacetate  of  Lead,  wash  with  Hydro- 
chloric Acid. 

GREEN. — Arsenate  of  Potash,  wash  with  Nitrate  of 
Copper. 

PURPLE.— Solution  of  Gold  and  Muriate  of  Tin. 

BLACK. — Perchloride  of  Mercury,  the  wash  is  Hydro- 
chloric of  Tin. 

BLACK  INK. — Extract  of  Logwood  one  ounce,  Bicro- 
matc  of  Potash  one-cjuarter  ounce.  Pulverize  and  mix  in  a 
quart  of  soft  hot  water.  This  makes  a  beautiful  jet  black 
ink,  wh-^h  will  not  spoil  by  freezing. 

2« 


INK   PEPARTMKNT.  27 

COPYING  INK.— One-half  pjallon  of  soft  water,  one 
ounce  Gum  Arabic,  one  ounce  Brown  Sugar,  one  ounce 
clean  Copperas,  three  ounces  powdered  Nut  Gall.  Mix  and 
shake  occasionally  from  7  to  10  days  and  strain.  The  best 
copying  ink  made. 

BLACK  INK. — Shellac  four  ounces,  Borax  two  ounces, 
Water  one  quart  ;  boil  till  dissolved  and  add  two  ounces 
Gum  Arabic,  dissolved  in  a  little  hot  water  ;  boil  and  add 
enough  of  a  well  triturated  mixture  of  equal  parts  of  Indigo 
and  Lampblack  to  produce  a  proper  color.  After  standing 
several  hours  draw  off  and  bottle. 

GREEN  INK.— Dissolve  180  grains  Bichromate  of 
Potash  in  one  fluid  ounce  of  Water  ;  add  while  warm  one- 
half  ounce  Spirits  of  Wine,  then  decompose  the  mixture 
with  concentrated  sulphuric  acid  until  it  assumes  a  brown 
color  ;  evaporate  this  liquid  until  its  quantity  is  reduced  one- 
half,  dilute  it  with  two  ounces  distilled  water,  filter  it,  add 
one-half  ounce  Alcohol,  followed  by  a  few  drops  of  strong 
sulphuric  acid  ;  it  is  now  allowed  to  rest,  and  after  a  time 
it  assumes  a  beautiful  green  color.  Add  a  small  quantity 
Gum  Arabic  and  it  is  ready  for  use. 

BEAUTIFUL  BLUE  WRITING  FLUID.— Dissolve 
Basic  or  Soluble  Prussian  Blue  in  pure  water.  This  is  the 
most  permanent  and  beautiful  blue  ink  known. 

VIOLET  COPYING  INK.— For  blue  violet  dissolve  in 
300  parts  of  boiling  water,  Methyl  Violet,  5  B,  Hofman's 
\'iolet,  3  B,  or  Gentiana  Violet,  B.  For  reddish  violet  dis- 
solve in  a  similar  quantity  of  water  IMethyl  Violet  BR.  A 
small  quantity  of  sugar  added  to  these  inks  improves  their 
copying  qualities.  If  the  writing  when  dry  retains  a  bronzy 
appearance  more  water  must  be  added. 

NEW  INVISIBLE  INK.— C.  Wideman  communicates 
a  new  method  of  making  an  invisible  ink  to  Die  Natur.  To 
make  the  writing  or  drawing  appear  which  has  been  made 
upon  paper  it  is  sufficient  to  dip  it  in  water.  On  drying  the 
traces  disappear  again,  and  reappear  again  at  eaci  '•" — 
ceeding  immersion.    The  ink  is  made  by  intimateiy  toixi9» 


28  ONE  THOUSAND  SECRETS  REVEALED. 

Linseed  Oil  one  part,  Water  of  Ammonia  twenty  parts; 
Water  100  parts.  The  mixture  must  be  agitated  each  time 
before  the  pen  is  dipped  into  it,  as  a  little  of  the  oil  may 
separate  and  float  on  top,  which  would,  of  course,  leave  an 
oily  stain  upon  the  paper. 

BUCHNER'S  CARMINE  INK  —Pure  Carmine  twelve 
grains.  Water  of  Ammonia  three  ounces,  dissolve,  then  add 
Powdered  Gum  eighteen  grain*.  One-half  drachm  of 
Powdered  Drop  Lake  may  be  substituted  for  the  Carmine, 
where  expense  is  an  object. 

BRILLIANT  RED  INK.— Brazil  Wood  two  ounces. 
Muriate  of  Tin  one-half  drachm,  Gum  Arabic  one  drachm. 
Boil  down  in  32  ounces  water  to  one-half,  and  strain. 

WHITE  INK. — Mix  pure  freshly  precipitated  Barium 
Sulphate,  or  "  Flake  White,"  with  Water  containing  enough 
Gum  Arabic  to  prevent  the  immediate  settling  of  the  sub- 
stance. Starch  or  Magnesium  C  arbonate  may  be  used  in  a 
similar  way.    They  must  be  rediced  to  palpable  powders. 

INDELIBLE  INK  FOR  MARKING  LINEN.— Add 
Caustic  Alkali  to  a  saturated  solution  of  Corpous  Chloride 
until  no  further  precipitate  form"* ;  allow  the  precipitate  to 
settle,  draw  off  the  supernatant  liquid  with  a  siphon  and 
dissolve  the  hydrated  copper  oxids  in  the  smallest  quantit) 
of  Ammonia.  It  maybe  mixed  vuh  about  6  per  cent,  o/ 
Gum  Dextrine  for  use. 

TO  WRITE  SECRET  LETTERS.— Put  five  centu' 
worth  Citrate  of  Potassa  in  an  ounC'*?  vial  of  clear  coll 
water.  This  forms  an  invisible  fluid.  Let  it  dissolve  an  I 
you  can  use  on  paper  of  any  color.  Us?  quill  pen  in  writ- 
ing. When  you  wish  the  writing  to  berciie  visible  hold  ft 
to  red  hot  stove. 

BLACK  COPYING  INK  OR  WRITLNO  FLUID.— 
Take  two  gallows  of  Rain  Water,  and  put  into  it  Gum 
Arabic  one-fourth  pound.  Brown  Sugar  one  pound,  clean 
Copperas  one-fourth  pound,  Powdered  Nutgall  three-fou.ths 
pound  ;  mix,  and  shake  occasionally  for  ten  days,  and  sti  un  ; 
if  needed  sooner  let  it  stand  in  an  iron  kettle  untiJ   the 


INK  DEPARTMENT.  29 

Strength  is  obtained.     This  ink  will  stand  the  action  of  the 
atmosphere  for  centuries  if  required. 

TO  MAKE  RUBBER  STAMP  INK.-Dissolve  Aniline 
in  hot  Glycerine,  and  strain  while  hot  or  warm. 

COMMERCIAL  WRITING  INK.— Galls  one  ounce, 
Gum  one-half  ounce,  Cloves  one-half  ounce,  Sulphate  of 
Iron  one-half  ounce,  Water  eight  ounces.  Digest  by  fre- 
quent shaking  till  it  has  sufficient  color.  This  is  a  good 
durable  ink  and  will  bear  diluting. 

TRAVELERS'  INK.— White  Blotting  Paper  is  saturated 
with  Anniline  Black,  and  several  sheets  are  pasted 
together,  so  as  to  form  a  thick  pad.  When  required  for  use 
a  small  piece  is  torn  off  and  covered  with  a  little  water. 
The  black  liquid  which  dissolves  out  is  a  good  writing  ink. 
A  square  inch  of  paper  will  produce  enough  ink  to  last  for 
a  considerable  writing,  and  a  few  pads  would  be  all  that  an 
exploring  party  need  carry  with  them.  As  water  is  always 
available  the  ink  is  readily  made.  This  is  a  perfectly  orig- 
inal and  new  recipe.  Any  enterprising  man  can  make  a 
large  income  out  of  its  manufacture. 

INDELIBLE  MARKING  INK  WITHOUT  A  PREPA- 
RATION.— Dissolve  separately  one  ounce  of  Nitrate  of  Sil- 
ver and  one  and  one-half  ounces  of  Sub-Carbonate  of  Soda 
(best  washing  soda)  in  rain  water.  Mix  the  solutions  and 
coMect  and  wash  the  precipitate  in  a  filter  ;  while  still  moist 
rub  it  up  in  a  marble  or  hardwood  mortar  with  three 
drachms  of  Tartaric  Acid,  add  two  ounces  of  Rain  Water, 
mix  six  drachms  White  Sugar  and  ten  drachms  powdered 
Gum  Arabic,  one-half  ounce  Archill  and  Water  to  make  uf. 
six  o"nces  in  measure.  It  should  be  put  up  in  short  drachn* 
bottles  and  sold  at  twenty-five  cents.  This  is  the  best  inh 
for  marking  clothes  that  has  ever  been  discovered.  Therf 
is  a  fortune  in  this  recipe,  as  a  good  marking  ink  is  verj 
salable. 

INVISIBLE  INK.— Sulphuric  Acid  one  part,  Watei 
twenty  parts ;  mix  together  and  write  with  a  quill  pen 
which  writing  can  be  read  only  after  heating  it. 


so  ONE  THOUSAND  SECRETS   REVEALED. 

HORTICULTURAL  INK.— Copper  one  part,  dissolve 
in  Nitric  Acid  ten  parts  and  add  Water  ten  parts  ;  used  to 
write  on  zinc  or  tin  labels. 

GOLD  INK.— Honey  and  Gold  Leaf  equal  parts,  Tur- 
pentine until  the  Gold  is  reduced  to  the  finest  possible  state 
of  division,  agitate  with  thirty  parts  Hot  Water  and  allow 
it  to  settle.  Decant  the  Water  and  repeat  the  washing 
several  times ;  finally  dry  the  Gold  and  mix  it  with  a  little 
Gum  Water  for  use. 

SILVER  INK. — Fof  silver  ink  the  process  is  the  same 
as  gold,  substituting  Silver  leaf  for  the  Gold  leaf. 

INDELIBLE  INK  FOR  GLASS  OR  METAL.— Borax 
one  ounce,  Shellac  two  ounces,  Water  eighteen  fluid  ounces; 
boil  in  a  covered  vessel,  add  of  thick  Mucilage  one  ounce  ; 
triturate  it  with  Levigated  Indigo  and  Lamp  Black  q.  s.  to 
give  it  a  good  color.  After  two  hours'  repose  decant  from 
the  dregs  and  bottle  for  use.  It  may  be  bronzed  after  being 
applied.    Resists  moisture,  chlorine  and  gases. 

BROWN  INK.— A  strong  decoction  of  Catechu.  The 
shad  may  be  varied  by  the  cautious  addition  of  a  little  weak 
solution  of  bicromate  of  potash. 

LUMINOUS  INK.— Shines  in  the  dark.  Phosphorous 
one-half  drachm,  Oil  Cinnamon  one-half  ounce  ;  mix  in  a 
vial,  cork  tightly,  heat  it  slowly  until  mixed.  A  letter 
written  in  this  ink  can  only  be  read  in  a  dark  room,  when 
the  writing  will  have  the  appearance  of  a  fire. 

TICKETING  INK  FOR  GROCERS,  ETC.— Dissolve 
one  ounce  of  Gum  Arabic  in  six  ounces  of  Water  and 
strain  ;  this  is  the  Mucilage  ;  for  a  black  color  use  Drop 
Black,  powdered  and  ground  with  the  mucilage  to  extreme 
fineness  ;  for  blue,  Ultra-Marine  is  used  in  the  same  man- 
ner ;  for  green.  Emerald  Green  ;  for  ivhitc,  Flake  White  ; 
red,  Vermillion,  Lake  or  Carmine  ;  for  yellow,  Chrome 
Yellow.  When  ground  too  thick  they  are  thinned  with  a 
little  water.  Apply  to  the  cards  with  a  small  brush.  The 
cards  may  be  sized  with  a  thin  glue,  afterward  varnished,  if 
it  is  desired  to  preserve  them. 


INK  DEPARTMENT.  81 

COMMON  INK.— To  one  gallon  boiling  Soft  Water  add 
three-fourths  ounce  Extract  of  Logwood  ;  boil  two  minutes  ; 
remove  from  the  fire  and  stir  in  forty-eight  grains  Bichro- 
mate of  Potash  and  eight  grains  Prussiate  of  Potash.  For 
ten  gallons  use  six  and  one-half  ounces  Logwood  Extract, 
one  ounce  Bichromate  of  Potash,  and  eighty  grains  Prus- 
siate Potash  ;  strain.  Six  cents  should  buy  the  former  and 
twenty-five  cents  the  latter. 

RED  INK. — In  an  ounce  phial  put  one  teaspoonful 
Aqua  Ammonia,  Gum  Arabic  size  of  two  or  three  peas,  and 
six  grains  No.  40  Carmine.  Fill  up  with  soft  water  and  it 
is  soon  ready  for  use. 

INK  FOR  MARKING  PACKAGES.— Take  Lamp  Black 
and  mix  thoroughly  with  sufficient  Turpentine  to  make  it. 
thin  enough  to  flow  from  the  brush.  Powdered  Ultrv- 
Marine  instead  of  Lamp  Black,  makes  a  fine  blue  marking 
mixture  for  the  same  purpoae. 


CHAPTER  IV. 

COSMETIC   DEPARTMENT, 

LIQUID  FOR  CURLING  THE  HAIR.  — Two  ounces 
scrapings  of  lead,  half  ounce  Litharge,  one-quarter  ounce 
Gum  Camphor.  Boil  all  in  one  pint  of  soft  water  for  half 
an  hour.  Let  it  cool  ;  pour  off  liquid  and  add  to  it  one 
dram  Rosemary  Flowers.  Boil  all  again  and  strain,  when 
it  is  ready  for  use.     Apply  about  once  a  week. 

HAIR  OIL.— One  gallon  Cologne  Spirits,  90  per  cent, 
proof,  one  pint  Castor  Oil,  one  ounce  Oil  Cinnamon.  Mix 
well  and  it  is  ready  for  use. 

POWDER  FOR  THE  COMPLEXION.  —  Half  ounce 
Tincture  of  Elder  Blossoms,  half  ounce  Beef  Marrow,  half 
pint  Orange  Flower  Water,  one  Cassia  Buds,  two  ounces 
Bitter  Almonds,  four  drams  Spirits  Oriental  Roses.  Mix, 
and  apply  it  in  the  evening  and  wash  it  off  in  the  morning, 

PASTE  TO  PRODUCE  WHISKERS. —  One  ounce  of 
Oil  of  Paricada,  two  ounces  Southern  Wood  Bark,  one  ounce 
Dog's  Lard.  Fry  over  a  slow  fire  until  it  forms  a  paste. 
Apply  to  the  face  once  a  day  until  the  whiskers  begin  to 
grow. 

TO  CLEAN  THE  TEETH.  —  Castile  Soap  and  Cigar 
Ashes  applied  with  a  soft  rag  is  one  of  the  best  tooth  prepa- 
rations known. 

TO  MAKE  THE  HAIR  SOFT  AND  GLOSSY.— One 
pint  Alcohol,  four  ounces  Castor  Oil.  Mix,  and  flavor  with 
Bergamot.    Apply  frequently  with  the  hands. 

TO  REMOVE  FRECKLES.  — Use  Oxolate  of  Copper 
Ointment. 

HAIR  TONIC. — Sugar  of  Lead  five  grains,  sulphate  Qui- 
nine two  grains,  Muriat  of  Ammonia  one  dram,  Glycerine 

32 


COSMETIC   DEPARTMENT.  33 

six  ounces,  Distilled  Water  six  ounces.    Miji^   and  apply 
two  or  three  times  per  day. 

HAIR  DYES.  NO.  1.— Distilled  Water  six  ounces,  Al- 
cohol one  ounce,  Pyrogalic  Acid  one  dram.  TV  e  Acid  must 
be  dissolved  in  the  Alcohol  before  the  water  is  added. 

NO.  2. — Aqua  Ammonia  one  ounce,  Water  one  ounce,  Ni- 
trate of  Silver  two  drachms.  Dissolve  the  Silver  in  water 
and  add  the  Ammonia.    Cork  tight  and  keep  in  a  cool  place. 

NO.  3. — Water  four  ounces.  Sulphate  of  Potash  half  ounce. 
Mix.  To  dye  the  hair  of  whiskers,  have  them  free  from 
dirt  or  soap  suds.  They  should  be  a  little  damp.  Add  care- 
fully No.  1,  using  care  not  to  allow  the  dye  to  touch  the 
skin.  When  somewhat  dry  apply  No.  2;  in  about  three 
minutes  apply  No.  3.  Use  care  not  to  allow  any  of  these 
preparations  to  touch  the  skin. 

TO  BEAUTIFY  THE  TEETH  AN'D  MAKE  THE 
BREATH  SMELL  SWEET  AND  PLEASANT.  —  One 
ounce  Chlorate  of  Lime  in  a  pint  of  Soft  W.iter,  and  let  it 
stand  24  hours.  Then  pour  off  the  clear  watti'  and  add  forty 
drops  of  Essence  of  Rose. 

TO  MAKE  THE  CHEEKS  AND  LIPS  ROSY.  — Use 
a  little  Red  Carmine, 

PERFUMERY.— Oils  of  Rosemary  and  Lemon  each  a 
half  ounce,  Bergamot  and  Lavender  half  drachm,  Cinnamon 
four  drops.  Cloves  and  Rose  each  ten  drops.  Alcohol  one 
quart.    Mix  and  let  stand  one  week. 

HAIR  RESTORATIVE.— Sugar  of  Lead,  Borax  and  Lac 
Sulphur  each  one  ounce,  Aqua  Ammonia  half  ounce.  Alco- 
hol one  gill.  Mix  and  let  stand  20  hours,  then  add  Bay  Rum 
one  gill,  fine  Table  Salt  one  tablespoonful.  Soft  Water  three 
pints.  Essence  of  Bergamot  half  ounce. 

NEW  YORK  BARBER'S  STAR  HAIR  OIL.— Castor 
Oil  six  and  one-half  pints,  Alcohol  one  and  one-half  pints, 
OilofCitroncUa  one-half  ounce,  Lavender  one-fourth  ounce. 
Mix  well,  put  in  four  ounce  bottles,  retail  for  25  cents. 


14  ONE  THOUSAND   SECRETS   REVEALED. 

CELEBRATED  MOTH  AND  FRECKLE  LOTION.— 
'/or  the  skin  and  complexion  ;  a  great  secret.  Distill  two 
Ihandfuls  Jessamine  Flowers  in  a  quart  of  Rose  Water  and 
a  quart  of  Orange  Water.  Strain  through  porous  paper  and 
add  a  scruple  of  Musk  and  a  scruple  of  Ambergris.  Bottle 
and  label.     Splendid  wash  for  the  skin. 

IMPERIAL  ONGUENT  FOR  FORCING  WHISKERS 
AND  MUSTACHE  TO  GROW.— Made  as  follows  :  Two 
drachms  of  Benzoin  Comp.,  two  drachms  Tincture  of 
<Cantharides,  six  ounces  Castor  Oil,  nine  and  one-fourth 
ounces  Alcohol,  one  drachm  Oil  of  Bergamot.  Mix  well, 
bottle  and  label.  Apply  the  Onguent  night  and  morning. 
Circulation  should  be  stimulated  with  a  rough  towel. 

CURLOLINE,  FOR  MAKING  THE  HAIR  CURL.— 
One  pound  Olive  Oil,  one  drachm  Oil  of  Origanum,  one  and 
one-half  drachms  Oil  of  Rosemary.  Mix  well,  bottle  and 
Jabel.  Apply  two  or  three  times  weekly.  Will  curl  the 
etraightest  hair  if  not  cut  too  short. 

HAIR  RESTORATIVE  AND  INVIGORATOR.— For 
0  trifling  cost.  Sugar  of  Lead,  Borax  and  Lac  Sulphur  ot 
<ach  one  ounce,  Aqua  Ammonia  one-half  ounce,  Alcohol 
cne  gill,  mix  and  let  stand  for  fourteen  hours;  then  add 
Bay  Rum  one  gill,  fine  Table  Salt  one  tablespoonful.  Soft 
Water  three  pints.  Essence  of  Bergamot  one  ounce.  This 
preparation  not  only  gives  a  beautiful  gloss,  but  will  cause 
hair  to  grow  upon  bald  heads  arising  from  all  common 
causes,  and  turning  gray  hair  to  a  dark  color. 

Manner  of  Application. — When  the  hair  is  thin  or  bald, 
make  two  applications  daily,  until  this  amount  is  used  up. 
Work  it  into  the  roots  of  the  hair  with  a  soft  brush  or  the 
ends  of  the  fingers,  rubbing  well  each  time.  For  gray  hair 
one  application  daily  is  sufficient. 

JOCKEY  CLUB.— Spirits  of  Wine  five  gallons,  Orange 
Flower  Water  one  gallon.  Balsam  of  Peru  four  ounces,  Es- 
sence of  Bergamot  eight  ounces.  Essence  of  Musk  eight 
ounces,  Essence  of  Cloves  four  ounces,  Essence  of  Neroli 
two  ounces.    Mix. 


COSMETIC   DEPARTMENT.  ,% 

LADIES'  OWN. — Spirits  of  Wine  one  gallon,  Otto  of 
Roses  twenty  drops,  Essence  of  Thyme  one-half  ounce,  Es' 
sence  of  Neroli  one-fourth  ounce.  Essence  of  Vanilla  one' 
half  ounce,  Essence  of  Bcrganiot  one-fourth  ounce,  Orange 
Flower  Water  six  ounces. 

UPPER  TEN.— Spirits  of  Wine  four  quarts.  Essence  of 
Cedrat  two  drachms.  Essence  of  Violets  one-fourth  ounce, 
Essence  of  Neroli  one-half  ounce.  Otto  of  Roses  twenty 
drops.  Orange  Flower  Essence  one  ounce.  Oil  of  Rosemary 
thirty  drops,  Oils  of  Bergamot  and  Neroli,  each  one-hal/ 
ounce. 


CHAPTER  V. 

FARRIER  DEPARTMENT. 

Kach  and  Every  Recipe  in  this  Department  has  Been  Tested 

by  the  Most  Eminent  Veterinary  Surgeons  in  the  United 

States,  and  Pronounced  by  Them  as  the  Best. 

WOUNDS  AND  CUTS.— Take  four  ounces  Lard,  Bees- 
wax four  ounces,  Resin  three  ounces,  Vaseline  four  to  six 
ounces.  Melt  these  together  and  add  Carbolic  Acid  half 
ounce.    This  is  excellent. 

COLIC— Gum  Camphor  one  ounce,  Cayenne  one  ounce, 
Gum  Myrrh  one  ounce,  powdered  Gum  Quaial  one  ounce, 
Sassafras  Bark  one  ounce.  Spirits  of  Turpentine  one  ounce, 
Oil  of  Origanum  one-quarter  ounce.  Oil  Hemlock  half 
ounce.  Pulverized  Opium  half  ounce,  good  alcohol  two 
quarts.  Mix  and  let  stand  ten  or  twelve  days  and  filter. 
Dose  from  one  to  four  teaspoonfuls  in  a  pint  of  milk.  Keep 
this  on  hand.    It  is  the  best  colic  cure  known. 

LINIMENT  TO  KILL  PAIN.  —  One  gallon  Alcohol, 
one  ounce  Tincture  Cayenne,  two  ounces  Tincture  Gum 
Camphor,  two  ounces  Tincture  Ammonia,  one-half  ounce 
Chloroform.     Mix  well  and  let  stand  twelve  hours. 

BEST  CONDITION  POWDERS.  — Fenugreek,  Cream 
of  Tartar,  Gentian,  Sulphur,  Saltpeter,  Resin,  Black  Anti- 
mony and  Ginger  each  two  ounces,  Cayenne  Pepper  one 
ounce.  Pulverize  and  mix  thoroughly.  Dose,  two  teaspoon- 
fuls once  a  day  in  feed. 

BRITTLE  AND  CONTRACTED  HOOFS.  — Take  Cas- 
tor Oil,  Barbadoes,Tar  and  Soft  Soap.    Equal  parts  of  each. 
Melt  all  together  and  stir  while  cooling,  and  apply  a  little  to 
the  hoof  three  or  four  times  a  week. 
M 


FARRIER    DEPARTMENT.  37 

CONTRACTED  HOOF  AND  SORE  FEET.  —  Take 
equal  parts  of  Soft  Fat,  Yellow  Wax,  Linseed  Oil,  Venice 
Turpentine  and  Norway  Tar  ;  first  melt  the  wax,  then  add 
the  others,  mixing  thoroughly.  Apply  to  the  edge  of  the 
hair  once  a  day. 

CRACKEI3  HEELS. — Tar,  eight  ounces,  Beeswax  one 
ounce,  Resin  one  ounce.  Alum  one  ounce.  Tallow  one  ounce, 
Sulphate  of  Iron  one  ounce.  Carbolic  Acid  one  drachm. 
Mix  and  boil  over  a  slow  fire.  Skim  off  the  filth  and  add 
two  ounces  of  the  scrapings  of  Sweet  Elder. 

EYE  WATER.— White  Vitriol  and  pure  Saltpeter  of  each 
one  scruple,  pure  soft  water  eight  ounces.  Mix.  This 
should  be  applied  to  the  inflamed  lids  three  or  four  times  a 
day,  and  if  the  inflammation  does  not  lessen  in  one  or  two 
days  it  may  be  injected  directly  into  the  eye. 

The  writer  has  used  this  for  his  own  eyes,  reduced  one- 
half  with  water,  and  dropped  directly  into  the  eye,  which 
would  cause  the  eye  to  smart  considerably  for  about  five 
minutes,  when  he  should  bathe  the  eye  with  cold  water  foi 
a  few  minutes,  and  by  repeating  this  three  or  four  times  a 
day,  it  has  given  the  best  of  satisfaction.  It  does  nicely, 
many  times,  to  just  close  the  eye  and  bathe  the  outside 
freely. 

CURE  FOR  SWEENEY.— Alcohol  and  Spirits  of  Tur- 
pentine each  eight  ounces.  Camphor  Gum,  pulverized 
Cantharides  and  Capsicum  each  one  ounce.  Oil  of  Spike 
three  ounces.     Mix.     Bathe  with  hot  iron. 

FARCY.  —  Nitrate  of  Potash  four  ounces,  Black  Anti- 
mony two  ounces,  Sulphite  of  Soda  one  ounce.  Elecampane 
two  ounces.  Mix.  Dose,  one  tablespoonfui  once  or  twice 
a  day. 

FARCY  AND  GLANDERS.— Iodide  of  Potassium  one 
and  one-quarter  drachms.  Copperas  one-half,  Ginger  one 
drachm.  Gentian  two  drachms,  powdered  Gum  Arabic  and 
Syrup  to  form  a  ball;  or  take  one-half  ounce  Sulphite  Soda, 
five  grains  powdered  Cantharides.  Mix,  and  give  at  night 
in  cut  feed  for  several  weeks  ;    give  at  the  same  time  every 


98  ONE  THOUSAND  SECRETS   REVEALED. 

morning  and  noon  three  drachms  powdered  Gentian,  two 
drachms  powdered  Blue  Vitriol,  give  the  medicines  for  a 
long  time  ;  feed  well.  This  is  the  best  treatment  that  can 
be  given  for  this  disease. 

WOLF'S  LINIMENT.— One  quart  Alcohol,  two  ounces 
Tincture  Arnica,  one  ounce  Oil  Hemlock,  one  ounce  Oil  of 
Spike.  Mix  well  and  let  stand  twenty-four  hours.  This 
will  cure  any  burn,  scald,  bruise,  sprain  or  any  like  ailment; 
also  aches  and  pains  of  all  kinds.  Apply  by  wetting  a  flan- 
nel cloth  and  wrapping  it  around  the  diseased  parts. 

CUTS,  WOUNDS  AND  SORES.— Take  of  Lard  four 
ounces,  Beeswax  four  ounces,  Resin  two  ounces,  Carbolic 
Acid  one-quarter  ounce.  Mix  the  first  three  and  melt,  add 
Carbolic  Acid,  stirring  until  cool.  This  is  excellent  for  man 
as  well  as  beast. 

FOR  POLE  EVIL.— Rock  Salt  one  ounce.  Blue  Vitriol 
one  ounce,  Copperas  one-half  ounce.  Pulverize  and  mix 
well.  Fill  a  goose  quill  with  the  powder  aud  push  to  the 
bottom  of  the  pipe.  Have  a  stick  at  the  top  of  the  quill 
and  push  the  powder  out  of  the  quill,  leaving  it  at  the  bot- 
tom of  the  pipe.  Repeat  in  four  days,  and  in  two  or  three 
days  you  can  remove  the  pipe  without  any  trouble. 

CURE  FOR  SCRATCHES.  — Sweet  Oil  three  ounces, 
Borax  one  ounce.  Sugar  of  Lead  one  ounce.  Mix  and  ap- 
ply twice  daily  after  washing  thoroughly  with  castile  soap, 
giving  time  for  legs  to  dry. 

GREAT  ARABIAN  HEAVE  REMEDY.  —Give  your 
horse  a  teaspoonful  of  Lobelia  once  a  day  for  a  week  and 
then  once  a  week  and  you  will  hardly  know  he  ever  had  the 
heaves.    Try  it. 

BOTS.  —  Take  new  Milk  two  quarts.  Syrup  one  quart; 
mix  and  give  the  whole,  and  in  fifteen  or  twenty  minutes 
after  give  two  quarts  of  warm,  strong  Sage  tea  ;  half  an 
hour  after  the  tea  give  one  quart  of  raw  Linseed  Oil,  or  if 
the  Oil  cannot  be  had,  give  lard  instead. 

DIURETICS. — Take  Balsam  Copaiba  two  ounces,  Sweet 
Spirits  of   Nitre   three  ounces.  Spirits  of  Turpentine  two 


FARRIKR    DEPAKr.MKNT.  39 

ounces.  Oil  of  Juniper  two  ounces,  Tincture  of  Camphor  two 
ounces.  Mix;  shake  the  bottle  before  pouring  the  medicine. 
Dose  for  achiit  horse,  two  tablespoonfuls  in  a  pint  of  milk, 
repeated  every  four  to  six  liours,  if  necessary.  This  is  a  re- 
liable preparation  for  kidney  difficulties. 
.  FOUNDER. — Vinegar  three  pints,  Capsicum  one-half 
drachm,  Tincture  of  Aconite  Root  fifteen  drops.  Mix  and 
boil  down  to  one  quart;  when  cool  give  it  as  a  drench. 
Blanket  the  horse  well;  after  the  horse  has  perspired  for  an 
hour  or  more,  give  one  quart  of  raw  Linseed  Oil.  This 
treatment  will  be  found  good  for  horses  foundered  by  eating 
too  much  grain. 

MANGE. — Oil  Tar  one  ounce,  Lac  Sulphur  one  and  one- 
half  ounces,  Whale  Oil  two  ounces.  Mix.  Rub  a  little  on 
the  skin  wherever  the  disease  appears,  and  continue  daily 
for  a-week,  then  wash  off  with  castile  soap  and  warm  water. 

POLL  EVIL  AND  FISTULA.— Tincture  of  Opium  one 
drachm,  Potash  two  drachms,  Water  one  ounce;  mix,  and 
when  dissolved  inject  into  the  pipes  with  a  small  syringe, 
having  cleansed  the  sore  with  soapsuds;  repeat  every  two 
days  until  pipes  are  com.pletely  destroyed. 

CONDITION  POWDER.— Take  Antimony  Crude,  one 
ounce.  Lobelia  gr.  one  ounce,  Ginger  two  ounces.  Sulphur 
Flour  three  ounces.  Berberry  gr.  one  ounce,  Cream  Tartar 
four  ounces,  Saltpetre  Flour  four  ounces;  well  mixed.  Dose 
one  tablespoonful  each  day  in  wet  feed.  Best  in  the  market; 
will  sell  well. 

FOR  BONE  SPAVIN.— Hog's  Lard  half-pint,  best  Oil 
Origanum  one  and  a  half  ounces,  Oil  Cajeput  two  ounces, 
pulverized  Cantharides  half  ounce.  Mix,  and  apply  each 
morning  for  four  mornings,  heating  it  in  with  hot  iron  each 
time,  then  discontinue  its  use  for  three  days,  after  which  use 
as  before  for  five  mornings.  Wait  about  eight  or  ten  days 
and  if  not  gone  repeat  as  before. 

ARABIAN  HORSE  TAMER'S  SECRET.— Take  Oil 
of  Cummin,  Oil  of  Rhodium  and  Horse  Castor.  Keep  sepa- 
rate in  air-tight  bottles.     Rub  a  little  of  the  Oil  of  Cummin 


40  ONE  THOUSAND    SECRETS  REVEALED. 

on  your  hand  and  approach  the  horse  on  the  windward  side, 
so  that  he  can  smell  the  Cummin.  The  horse  will  then  let 
you  come  up  to  him  without  trouble.  Rub  your  hand  gently 
on  the  horse's  nose,  getting  a  little  oil  on  it.  He  will  then 
follow  you.  Give  him  a  little  of  the  Castor  on  a  piece  of 
Loaf  Sugar  or  Apple;  get  a  few  drops  of  the  Rhodium  on 
his  tongue,  and  he  is  your  servant.  He  will  follow  you  like 
a  pet  dog. 

CURE  FOR  SPAVIN  AND  RINGBONE.— Cantharides 
one  ounce,  Mercurial  Ointment  half  ounce,  Corrosive  Subli- 
mate a  half  drachm,  Turpentine  one  and  a  half  ounces, 
Tincture  Iodine  one  ounce.  Gum  Euphorbium  four  ounces. 
Mix  well  with  one  pound  of  lard.  For  spavin  or  ringbone, 
cut  the  hair  away  and  grease  the  part  well  with  the  oint- 
ment, rubbing  it  in  well.  In  two  days  grease  the  parts  with 
lard;  wash  it  off  in  two  days  more,  and  again  apply  the  oint- 
ment. So  continue  until  a  cure  is  effected,  which  will  be  in 
a  short  time.  For  bog  spavin,  wind  gall  curb  or  splint, 
apply  the  ointment  every  six  days. 

JOCKEY  TRICKS.— How  to  make  a  horse  appear  as 
though  he  was  badly  foundered. — Take  a  fine  wire  and 
fasten  it  tightly  around  the  fetlock,  between  the  foot  and 
the  heel,  and  smooth  the  hair  over  it.  In  twenty  minutes 
the  horse  will  show  lameness.  Do  not  leave  it  on  over  nine 
hours.  To  make  a  horse  lame. — Take  a  single  hair  from  its 
tail,  put  it  through  the  eye  of  a  needle,  then  lift  the  front  leg 
and  press  the  skin  between  the  outer  and  middle  tendon  or 
cord,  and  shove  the  needle  through,  cut  off  the  hair  each 
side  and  let  down  the  foot.  The  horse  will  go  lame  in  twenty- 
minutes.  How  to  make  a  horse  stand  by  his  food  and  not 
take  it. — Grease  the  front  teeth  and  the  roof  of  the  mouth 
with  common  beef  tallow,  and  he  will  not  eat  until  you  wash 
it  out  This  in  conjunction  with  the  above  will  consummate 
a  complete  founder.  How  to  cure  a  horse  from  the  crib  or 
Bucking  wind. —Saw  between  the  upper  teeth  to  the  gums. 
How  to  put  a  young  countenance  on  a  horse. — Make  a  small 
incision  in  the  sunken  place  over  the  eye,  insert  the  point  of 
a  goose  quill  and  blow  it  up;  close  the  external  wound  with 


PARRIER  DEPARTME>rr. 


41 


a  thread  and  it  is  done.  To  cover  up  the  heaves. — Drench 
the  horse  with  one-fourth  pound  of  common  bird-shot,  and 
he  will  not  heave  until  they  pass  through  him.  To  make  a 
horse  appear  as  if  he  had  the  glanders. — Melt  four  ounces 
fresh  Butter  and  pour  into  his  ear.  To  distinguish  between 
glanders  and  distemper. — The  discharge  from  the  nose  in 
glanders  will  sink  in  water;  in  distemper  it  floats.  How  to 
make  a  true  pulling  horse  balk. — Take  Tincture  of  Can- 
tharides  one  ounce,  and  Corrosive  Sublimate  one  drachm; 
mix  and  bathe  his  shoulder  at  night.  How  to  serve  a  horse 
that  is  lame. — Make  a  small  incision  about  half  way  from 
the  knee  to  the  joint  on  the  outside  of  the  leg,  and  at  the 
back  part  of  the  shin  bone  you  will  find  a  small,  white  ten- 
don or  cord;  cut  it  off  and  close  the  external  wound  with  a 
stitch,  and  he  will  walk  off  on  the  hardest  pavement  and  not 
limp  a  particle. 

HOW  TO  TELL  THF:  AGE  OF  A  HORSE.  —  The 
safest  way  of  determining  the  age  of  a  horse  is  by  the 
appearance  of  the  teeth,  which  undergo  certain  changes  in 
the  course  of  years. 

Eight  to  fourteen  days  after  birth,  the  first  middle  nippers 
of  the  set  of  milk  teeth  are  cut  (Fig.  1),  four  to  six  weeks 
afterwards  the  pair  next  to  them  (Fig.  2),  and  finally,  after 
six  or  eight  months,  the  last  (Fig.  3). 

All  these  milk  teeth  have  a  well  defined  body  and  neck, 
and  a  slender  fang,  and  on  their  front  surface  grooves  of 

furrows,  which  disappear 
from  the  middle  nippers 
at  the  end  of  one  year, 
from  the  next  pair  in  two 
years,  and  from  the  inci- 
sive teeth  (  cutters )  in 
three  years. 

At  the  age  of  two  the 
nippersbecome  loose  and 
fall  out,  in  their  places 
appear    two    permanent 


42  ONE   THOUSAND  SECRETS  REVEALED. 

teeth,  with  deep,  black  cavities,   and    full,  sharp   edges 
(Fig.  4). 

At  the  age  of  three,  the  next  pair  (Fig.  5)  fall  out. 

At  four  years  old,  the  corner  teeth  fall  out  (Fig.  6). 

At  five  years  old,  the  horse  has  his  permanent  set  of  tecch. 

The  teeth  grow  in  \ength  as  the  horse  advances  in  years, 
but  at  the  same  time  his  teeth  are  worn  away  by  use  about 
one-twelfth  of  an  inch  every  year,  so  that  the  black  cavities 
of  the  center  nippers  below  disappear  in  the  sixth  year 
(Fig.  7),  those  of  the  next  pair  in  the  seventh  year  (Fig.  8), 
and  those  of  the  corner  teeth  in  the  eighth  year  (Fig.  9). 
Also  the  outer  corner  teeth  of  upper  and  lower  jaw  just  meet 
at  eight  years  of  age. 

At  nine  years  old,  cups  leave  the  two  center  nippers 
above,  and  each  of  the  two  upper  corner  teeth  has  a  little 
sharp  protrusion  at  the  extreme  outer  corner  (Fig.  10). 

At  the  age  of  ten  the  cups  disappear  from  the  adjoining 
teeth. 

At  the  age  of  eleven,  the  cups  disappear  from  the  corner 
teeth  above,  and  are  only  indicated  by  brownish  spots. 

The  oval  form  becomes  broader,  and  changes,  from  the 
twelfth  to  the  sixteenth  year,  more  and  more  into  a  triangu- 
lar form,  and  the  teeth  lose,  finally,  with  the  twentieth  year, 
all  regularity.  There  is  nothing  remaining  in  the  teeth  that 
can  afterwards  clearly  show  the  age  of  the  horse,  or  justify 
the  most  experienced  examiner  in  living  a  positive 
opinion. 

The  tushes,  or  canine  teeth,  conical  In  shape,  with  a  sharp 
point,  and  curved,  are  cut  between  the  third  and  fourth 
year,  their  points  become  more  and  more  rounded  until  the 
ninth  year,  and  after  that,  more  and  more  dull  in  the  course 
of  years,  and  lose,  finally,  all  regular  shape.  Mares  have, 
frequently,  no  tusks,  or  only  very  faintly  indicated. 

AGE  OF  SHEEP  AND  GOATS.— At  one  year  old  they 
have  eight  front  teeth  of  uniform  size.    At  two  years  the  two 


KARRIER   DEPARTMENT.  43 

ro'.d'i)'i  Dnes  are  supplanted  by  two  large  ones.  At  three  a 
'Jmall  tooth  appears  on  each  side.  At  four  there  are  six 
/'arge  teeth.  At  five  all  the  front  teeth  are  large,  and  at  six 
all  begin  to  get  worn. 

AGE  OF  CATTLE. — A  cow's  horn  is  supposed  to  fur- 
nish a  correct  indication  of  the  age  of  the  animal,  but  this  is 
not  always  true.  For  ordinary  purposes,  however,  the  fol- 
lowing will  be  found  approximately  correct :  At  two  years 
of  age  a  circle  of  thicker  matter  begins  to  form  on  the  ani- 
mal's horns,  which  becomes  clearly  defined  at  three  years 
of  age,  when  another  circle  begins  to  form.and  an  additional 
circle  every  year  thereafter.  The  cow's  age  then  can  be 
determined  by  adding  two  to  the  number  of  circles.  The 
rings  on  a  bull's  horns  do  not  show  themselves  until  he  is 
five  years  old — so  in  the  case  of  a  bull  five  must  be  added 
to  the  number  of  rings.  Unless  the  rings  are  clear  and  dis- 
tinct these  rules  will  not  apply.  Besides,  dishonest  dealers 
cometimes  file  off  some  of  the  rings  of  old  cattle. 


KING   OF  BEASTS. 

(From  an  American  poin  t  cf  view.) 


"  Woe  worth  the  chase,  woe  worth  the  day. 
That  cost  thy  life,  my  gallant  bay  !" 

Sir  Walter  ScotU 


CHAPTER  VI. 

CHEMICAL   DEPARTMENT.       - 

HOW  TO  IMITATE  GOLD.— Take  the  following  metals 
and  melt  them  in  a  covered  crucible:  sixteen  ounces  Virgin 
Platina,  twenty-four  ounces  pure  copper. 

SILVER. — Forty  ounces  Nickel  twenty  ounces  Copper, 
thirty  ounces  Block  Tin. 

ARTIFICIAL  GOLD.— Sixteen  parts  of  Virgin  Platina 
and  seven  parts  Copper  and  one  of  Zinc.  Put  these  in  a 
crucible  with  powdered  charcoal,  and  melt  them  together 
till  the  whole  forms  a  mass,  and  are  thoroughly  incorporated 
together.  This  also  makes  a  gold  of  extraordinary  beauty 
and  value.  It  is  not  possible  by  any  tests  that  chemists 
know  of  to  distingush  it  from  pure  virgin  gold.  All  I  ask 
of  men  is  to  use  it  for  good  and  lawful  purp^Lses,  for  the 
knowledge  that  I  here  give  will  bring  you  a  rich  and  perma- 
nent reward  without  using  it  for  unlawful  purposes. 

MANHEIM,  OR  JEWELER'S  GOLD.— Three  parts  of 
Copper,  one  part  of  Zinc,  and  one  part  of  Block  Tin.  If 
these  are  pure  and  melted  in  a  covered  crucible  containing 
charcoal,  the  resemblance  will  be  so  good  the  best  judges 
cannot  tell  it  from  pure  gold  without  analyzing  it. 

BEST  PINCHBACK  GOLD.— Five  ounces  of  pure  Cop- 
per and  one  ounce  of  Zinc.  This  makes  gold  so  good  in 
appearance  that  a  great  deal  of  deception  by  its  use  in  the 
way  of  watches  and  jewelry  has  been  successfully  practiced 
for  several  hundred  years  back. 

SILVER  FLUID,  for  silvering  brass  and  copper  articles 
of  every  description. — Take  an  ounce  of  precipitated  Silver 
to  half  an  ounce  of  Cyanate  Potash  and  quarter  of  an  ounce 
ct  Hyper  Sulphate  of  Soda.  Put  all  into  a  quart  of  wa*er,  add 

45 


46  ONE   THOUSAND  SECRETS   REVEALED, 

a  little  whitening  and  shake  before  using.    Apply  with  a  soft 
rag.    This  knowledge  alone  is  worth  one  hundred  dollars. 

ORIGINAL  AND  GENUINE  SILVER  PLATING 
FLUID.- -Galvanism  Simplified. — Dissolve  one  ounce  of 
Nitrate  of  Silver  in  Crystal  in  twelve  ounces  of  soft  water. 
Then  dissolve  in  the  water  two  ounces  of  Cyanuret  of  Pot- 
ash. Shake  the  whole  together  and  let  it  stand  until  it 
becomes  clear.  Have  ready  some  half-ounce  vials,  and  fill 
them  half  full  with  Paris  White  or  fine  Whiting,  then  fill  up 
the  bottles  with  the  liquid,  and  it  is  ready  for  use.  The 
Whiting  does  not  increase  the  coating  power;  it  only  helps 
to  clean  the  articles  and  to  save  the  silver  fluid  by  half  filling 
the  bottles.  The  above  quantity  of  materials  will  only 
cost  about  $L50,  so  that  the  fluid  will  only  cost  about  three 
cents  a  bottle. 

POWDER  FOR  CLEANING  AND  POLISHING  TIN, 
BRITANNIA  AND  BRASSWARE.— Take  one-half  pound 
ground  Pumice  Stone  and  one-quarter  pound  Red  Chalk, 
mix  them  evenly  together.  This  is  for  tin  and  brass.  For 
silver  and  fine  ware',  take  one-half  pound  Red  Chalk,  and 
one-quarter  pound  Pumice  Stone,  mix  very  evenly;  use  these 
articles  dry  with  a  piece  of  wash  leather.  It  is  one  of  the 
best  cleaning  powders  ever  invented,  and  very  valuable. 

SILVER  POLISH  FOR  TIN,  BRASS  AND  METAL- 
LIC ARTICLES. —Quicksilver,  Tinfoil  or  Rottenstone, 
equal  parts,  all  pulverized  together.  Roll  up  in  balls,  show 
as  you  go,  and  sell  10  cents  a  ball. 

ANOTHER — Fine. — Four  pounds  Whiting,  one-quarter 
ounce  Oxalic  Acid,  one-half  ounce  Cream  Tartar.  Stir  all 
together,  then  add  slowly  three  ounces  Mercury  stirring 
briskly  all  the  time  so  it  will  mix.  This  it;  good,  25  cents  a 
ball. 

KANGAROO  CEMENT.  — Rubber  one  ounce,  pack 
tightly  as  possible  in  a  bottle  and  cover  it  with  Bi-Sulphate 
of  Carbon.  When  the  rubber  is  dissolved  you  will  have  the 
best  cement  in  the  world.  There  is  a  fortune  in  this  to  an 
energetic  man,  as  it  sells  at  25  cents  a  drachm;  and  cost  but 


CHEMICAL   DEPARTMENT.  47 

little  to  make  it.  This  is  tlie  cement  used  by  shoemakers 
to  put  invisible  patches  on  slioes. 

HOW  TO  EAT  FIRE  —Anoint  your  tongue  with  liquid 
Storax,  and  you  may  put  hot  iron  or  fire  coals  into  your 
mouth,  and  without  burning  you.  This  is  a  very  dangerous 
trick  to  be  done,  and  those  who  practice  it  ought  to  use  all 
means  they  can  to  prevent  danger.  We  never  saw  one  of 
those  fire-eaters  that  had  a  good  complexion. 

IMITATION  SILVER.— Eleven  ounces  refined  Nickel, 
two  ounces  Metallic  Bismuth.  Melt  the  composition  three 
times,  and  pour  them  out  in  ley.  The  third  time,  when 
melting,  add  two  ounces  of  pure  silver. 

IMITATION  GOLD. —Four  ounces  of  Platina,  three 
ounces  of  Silver,  one  ounce  of  Copper. 

OROIDE  GOLD.  —  The  best  article  is  made  by  com- 
pounding four  parts  pure  Copper,  one  and  three-fourths  part 
pure  Zinc,  one-fourth  part  Magnesia,  one-tenth  part  Sal- 
Ammoniac.one-twefth  part  Quick  Lime,  and  one  part  Cream 
Tartar.  Melt  the  Copper  first,  then  add  as  rapidly  as  pos- 
sible the  other  articles  in  the  order  named. 

HOW  TO  INCREASE  THE  WEIGHT  OF  GOLD.— 
Take  your  bar  of  Gold  and  rub  it  long  and  carefully  with 
thin  Silver,  until  the  Gold  absorbs  the  quantity  of  Silver  that 
you  require.  Then  prepare  a  strong  solution  of  Brimstone 
and  Quicklime.  Now  put  the  Gold  into  a  vessel  with  a  wide 
mouth.  Now  let  them  boil  until  the  Gold  attains  the  right 
color,  and  you  have  it,  but  do  not  use  this  knowledge  for  an 
ill  purpose. 

MASON'S  FROZEN  PERFUME.— This  perfume  is  in 
a  solid,  transparent  form,  and  by  rubbing  on  the  handker- 
chief it  imparts  an  exquisite  perfume;  by  carrying  it  in  the 
pocket  it  perfumes  the  entire  wearing  apparel;  by  keeping 
it  in  a  drawer  or  box  all  articles  therein  obtain  the  benefits 
of  this  perfume. 

Solidified  perfumes  are  superior  to  all  liquid  as  they  can- 
not spill  or  waste  in  any  manner,  but  will  last  for  years. 
Perhaps  no  article  of  luxury  has  had  such  a  sale  as  this,  and 


48  ONE   THOUSAND   SECRETS   REVEALED. 

as  the  sales  have  steadily  increased  since  its  introduction, 
no  other  proof  of  its  excellence  is  needed. 

FREEZING  MIXTURE.— Take  four  parts  Nitric  Acid, 
six  parts  Nitrate  Ammonia,  aud  nine  parts  phosphate  of 
Soda.  Having  first  prepared  a  vessel  of  galvanized  iron  four 
inches  wide,  twenty-four  inches  long,  and  twelve  inches 
deep,  have  it  a  little  wider  at  the  top  than  at  the  bottom. 
Now  make  another  vessel  eight  inches  wide,  twenty-eight 
inches  long  and  fourteen  inches  high.  Put  the  small  vessel 
inside  the  larger  one,  fill  the  small  one  nearly  full  of  as  cool 
water  as  you  can  procure,  put  the  freezing  mixture  in  the 
large  vessel  around  the  smaller  one,  set  this  in  as  cool  a 
place  as  possible.  If  you  will  have  a  faucet  at  the  lower 
edge  of  the  larger  vessel  and  first  fill  the  large  vessel  with 
the  following  it  will  greatly  assist  in  freezing.  Equal  parts 
of  Sal-Ammonia  and  Nitre  dissolved  in  its  own  weight  of 
water.  In  ten  to  fifteen  minutes  pour  this  o£f  and  put  in  the 
freezing  mixture. 

Note. — I  have  used  the  above  description  of  a  vessel  to 
give  you  an  idea  of  how  to  operate.  Any  sized  vessel  made 
in  the  same  proportion  will  work  as  well, 

IMPROVED  TROY  STARCH  ENAMEL.— Melt  five 
pounds  of  Refined  Paraffine  Wax  in  a  tin  boiler  or  pan  over 
a  slow  fire;  use  care  in  melting.  When  melted  remove  the 
vessel  from  the  fire  and  add  200  drops  of  Oil  of  Citronelli. 
Take  some  new  round  tin  pie  pans,  and  oil  them  with  sweet 
oil  as  you  would  for  pie  baking,  but  do  not  use  lard.  Put 
these  pans  on  a  level  table,  and  pour  in  enough  of  the  hot 
wax  to  make  a  depth  in  each  pan  equal  to  about  the  thick- 
ness of  one-eighth  of  an  inch.  While  hot,  glance  over  the 
pans  to  see  that  they  are  level.  As  this  is  very  essential, 
pdease  remember  it.  If  the  pans  are  not  level,  the  cakes 
will  be  all  thicknesses,  which  should  not  be  so.  Then  let 
them  cool,  but  not  too  fast.  Watch  them  closely,  and  have 
a  tin  stamp  ready  to  stamp  the  cakes  out  about  the  size  of 
an  ordinary  candy  lozenge.  This  stamp  should  be  about 
eight  inches  long,  larger  at  the  top  than  at  the  bottom,  so 
that  the  cakes  can  pass  up  through  the  stamp  as  you  are 


CHEMICAL  DEPARTMENT.  49 

cutting  them  out  of  the  pans.  Lay  the  cakes  in  another  pan 
to  cool.  Before  they  become  very  hard,  separate  them  from 
each  other;  if  not,  it  will  be  difficult  to  do  so  when  they  be- 
come very  hard.  Do  not  neglect  this.  Have  boxes  made 
at  any  paper  box  maker's  in  any  large  city.  They  cost 
about  from  one  to  two  cents  each;  sliding  boxes  are  the 
best.  Have  your  labels  printed,  and  commence  business  at 
once.    Put  24  to  30  cakes  in  each  box,  and  retail  for  25  cents. 

Wholesale  for  81.50  per  dozen. 

Directions  for  Use. — To  a  pint  of  boiling  starch  stir  in  one 
cake  or  tablet.  This  gives  an  excellent  lustre  to  linen  or 
muslin,  and  imparts  a  splendid  perfume  to  the  clothes,  and 
makes  the  iron  pass  very  smoothly  over  the  surface.  It 
requires  but  half  the  ordinary  labor  to  do  an  ironing.  It  is 
admired  by  every  lady.  It  prevents  the  Iron  from  adhering 
to  the  surface,  and  the  clothes  remain  clean  and  neat  much 
longer  than  by  any  other  method. 

BRILLIANT  SELF-SHINING  STOVE  POLISH.— This 
is  one  of  the  greatest  inventions  of  the  age.  It  has  been  the 
result  of  a  large  amount  of  study  on  the  part  of  the  inventor 
to  perfect  a  polish  that  would  work  easily  and  satisfactorily 
in  a  perfectly  dry  state,  thereby  obviating  the  disagreeable 
task  of  mixing  and  preparing.  A  good  stove  polish  is  an 
absolute  necessity  in  every  family.  It  is  only  a  question, 
then,  of  offering  the  best  to  make  a  sale.  To  prove  that  this 
polish  is  the  best  is  an  easy  task.  All  you  have  to  do  is  to 
have  a  box  open  and  a  piece  of  rag  to  begin  operations. 
You  now  approach  the  stove  and  apply  the  polish.  The 
result  will  be  so  startlingly  beautiful  that  no  further  words 
will  be  necessary.  If  the  stove  is  not  convenient,  anything 
will  do  to  experiment  with.  You  can  produce  on  a  piece  of 
wood,  a  scrap  of  paper  or  a  potato,  a  lustre  equal  to  a  bur- 
nished mirror. 

Now  make  the  following  points  just  as  strong  as  ycu  can: 
1.  That  this  polish  requires  no  water  or  mixing  like  the  va- 
rious cake  or  powder  polishes.  2.  That  it  is  self-shining  and 
no  labor  is  required.     3.  That  no  dust  or  smell  of  any  kind 


50  ONE  THOtfSAND  SECRETS  REVEALED. 

rises  from  its  use.  And,  lastly  that  it  has  no  equal  in  the 
world. 

Recipe. — Take  Plumbago  (Black  Lead)  finely  pulverized, 
and  put  in  two  ounce  wood  boxes,  nicely  labeled,  and  sell 
for  ten  or  fifteen  cents  a  box.  Wholesale  to  stores  and 
agents  at  $6.00  a  hundred.  Costs  less  than  three  cents  a 
box  to  manufacture. 

Directions  for  Use. — Use  a  damp  woolen  rag,  dip  in  the 
box,  and  apply  to  the  stove.  Then  polish  with  a  dry  cloth, 
and  a  most  beautiful  polish  will  appear. 

TO  FROST  WINDOW  PANES.— Take  Epsom  Salts 
and  dissolve  in  beer.  Apply  with  a  brush  and  you  have  the 
finest  window  frosting  known. 

THE  HOUSEKEEPER'S  FRIEND,  or  Electric 
Powder. — This  is  one  of  the  most  salable  articles  of  the 
day  and  staple  as  flour — something  that  every  housekeeper 
will  buy.  It  is  used  for  gold  and  silver  plated  ware,  Ger- 
man silver,  brass,  copper,  glass,  tin,  steel,  or  any  material 
where  a  brilliant  lustre  is  required.  Is  put  up  in  two  ounce 
wood  boxes,  costs  three  cents  to  manufacture,  sells  at  retail 
for  25  cents,  to  agents  and  stores  for  $12.00  per  100  boxes. 

RECIPE. — To  four  pounds  best  quality  Whiting,  add 
one-half  pound  Cream  Tartar  and  three  ounces  Calcined 
Magnesia;  mix  thoroughly  together,  box  and  label. 

Directions. — Use  the  polish  dry  with  a  piece  of  chamois 
skin  or  Canton  flannel,  previously  moistened  with  water  or 
alcohol,  and  finish  with  the  polish  dry.  A  few  moments' 
rubbing  will  develop  a  surprising  lustre,  different  from  the 
polish  produced  by  any  other  substance. 

RECIPE. — Follow  the  same  directions  as  in  "Starch  En- 
amel," and  perfume  as  follows:  Take  two  ounces  Oil 
Lemon  Grass  and  one-half  ounce  Oil  of  Cloves,  and  one- 
fourth  ounce  Oil  of  Lavender  flowers;  mix  them  well  to- 
gether. For  this  amount  of  perfume  you  require  about  four 
quarts  of  the  liquid  paraffine.  Pour  the  oils  into  the  melted 
paraffine  while  warnl,  stirring  it  well  while  pouring.   Stamp 


CHEMICAL  DEPARTMENT,  51 

Into  square  cakes  and  put  into  noatly  printed  envelopes. 
Sell  for  ten  cents  a  cake,  cost  two  cents.  Agents  can  sell 
100  cakes  a  day. 

THE  LIGHTNING  INK  ERASER.— The  great  Light- 
ning Ink  Eraser  may  be  used  instead  of  a  knife  or  scraper 
for  erasing  in  order  to  rectify  a  mistake  or  clean  off  a  blot, 
without  injury  to  the  paper,  leaving  the  paper  as  clean  and 
good  to  write  upon  as  it  was  before  the  blot  or  mistake  was 
made,  and  without  injury  to  the  printer's  ink  upon  any 
printed  form  or  ruling  upon  any  first-class  paper.  Take  of 
Chloride  of  Limeone  pound,  thoroughly  pulverized,  and  four 
quarts  of  Soft  Water.  The  above  must  be  thoroughly  shaken 
when  first  put  together.  It  is  required  to  stand  twenty- 
four  hours  to  dissolve  the  Chloride  of  Lime.  Then  strain 
through  a  cotton  cloth,  after  which  add  a  teaspoonful  of 
Ascetic  Acid  (No.  8  commercial)  to  every  ounce  of  Chloride 
of  Lime  Water.  The  eraser  is  used  by  reversing  the  pen- 
holder in  the  hand,  dipping  the  end  in  the  fluid,  and  apply- 
ing it,  without  rubbing,  to  the  blot  to  be  erased.  When  the 
ink  has  disappeard,  absorb  the  fluid  into  a  blotter,  and  the 
paper  is  immediately  ready  to  write  upon.  Pup  up  in  com- 
mon ink  bottles  and  retail  for  25  cents  each. 

THE  MAGIC  ANNIHILATOR.— To  make  one  gross 
eight-ounce  bottles — aqua  ammonia  one  gallon,  soft  water 
eight  gallons,  best  white  soap  four  pounds,  saltpetre  eight 
ounces.  Shave  the  soap  fine,  add  the  water  boil  until  the 
soap  is  dissolved,  let  it  get  cold,  then  add  the  saltpetre, 
stirring  until  dissolved.  Now  strain,  let  the  suds  settle, 
skim  off  the  dry  suds,  add  the  ammonia,  bottle  and  cork  at 
once.  Cost  about  $7.25  per  gross  ;  sells  for  $72.00.  It  will 
do  everything  claimed  for  it  and  more  too.  It  is  no  mixture 
of  soap  suds  as  some  may  suppose,  but  a  pure  scientific, 
chemical  preparation.  If  you  wish  to  make  a  small  quan- 
tity for  trial,  take  aqua  ammonia  two  ounces,  soft  water  one 
quart,  saltpetre  one  teaspoonful.  Shave  the  soap  fine,  mix 
all,  shake  well,  and  let  settle  a  day  or  two  to  dissolve  the 
soap. 


52  ONE  THOUSAND  SECRETS  REVEALED. 

What  it  will  Do.— It  will  remove  all  kinds  of  grease 
and  oil  spots  from  every  variety  of  wearing  apparel,  such 
as  coats,  pants,  vests,  dress  goods,  carpets,  etc.,  without 
injury  to  the  finest  silks  or  laces.  It  will  shampoo  like  a 
charm,  raising  the  lather  in  proportion  to  the  amount  of 
dandruff  and  grease  in  the  hair.  A  cloth  wet  with  it  will 
remove  all  grease  from  door-knobs,  window  sills,  etc., 
handled  by  kitchen  domestics  in  their  daily  routine  of 
kitchen  work.  It  will  remove  paint  from  a  board,  I  care 
not  how  hard  or  dry  it  is,  if  oil  is  used  in  the  paint,  yet  it 
will  not  injure  the  finest  textures.  Its  chemical  action  is 
such  that  it  turns  any  oil  or  grease  into  soap,  which  is  easily 
washed  out  with  clear  cold  water.  For  cleaning  silver, 
brass  and  copper  ware  it  can't  be  beat.  It  is  certain  death 
to  bed  bugs,  for  they  will  never  stop  after  they  have 
encountered  the  Magic  Annihilator. 

Directions  for  Use. —  For  grease  spots,  pour  upon 
the  article  to  be  cleaned  a  suffcient  quantity  of  the  Magic 
Annihilator  rubbing  well  with  a  clean  sponge,  and  applying 
to  both  sides  of  the  article  you  are  cleaning.  Upon  carpets 
and  coarse  goods,  where  the  grease  is  hard  and  dry,  use  a 
stiff  brush  and  wash  out  with  clear  cold  water.  Apply 
again  if  necessary.  One  application  is  all  that  is  needed 
for  any  fresh  grease  spots,  but  for  old  or  dried  a  second 
may  be  required.  For  shampooing  take  a  small  quantity  of 
the  Magic  Annihilator  with  an  equal  quantity  of  water, 
apply  to  the  hair  with  a  stiff  brush,  brushing  into  the  pores 
of  the  scalp,  and  wash  out  with  clear  water.  You  will  be 
surprised  at  the  silk  gloss  of  yt)ur  hair.  For  cleaning  siUer 
ware,  etc.,  buy  five  cents  worth  of  whitening,  mix  a -small 
quantity  with  the  magic  annihilator,  and  apply  with  a  rag, 
rubbing  briskly.  For  killing  bed  bugs,  apply  to  the  places 
they  frequent,  and  they  will  leave  in  short  order.  You  will 
find  it  useful  in  many  other  ways.    (See  price  list  of  labels.) 


CHAPTER  VII. 

MISCELLANEOUS    DEPARTMENT. 

FIRE-PROOF  PAINT.— Take  a  sufficient  quantity  oi 
Water  for  use;  add  as  much  Potash  as  can  be  dissolved 
therein.  When  the  water  will  dissolve  no  more  potash,  stir 
into  the  solution  first,  a  quantity  of  flour  paste  of  consis- 
tency of  painter's  size;  second  a  sufficiency  of  pure  clay  to 
render  it  of  the  consistency  of  cream.  Apply  with  a  painter's 
brush. 

N.  B. — The  above  will  admit  of  any   coloring  you  please 

WATER-PROOF  AND  FIRE-PROOF  CEMENT  FOR 
ROOFS  OF  HOU.SES.—Slack  Stone  Lime  in  a  large  tub 
or  barrel  with  boiling  water,  covering  the  tub  or  barrel  to 
keep  in  the  steam.  When  thus  slacked  pass  six  quarts 
through  a  fine  sieve.  It  will  then  be  in  a  state  of  fine  flour. 
To  this  add  one  quart  Rock  Salt  and  one  gallon  of  Water. 
Boil  the  mi.xture  and  skim  it  clean.  To  every  five  gallons 
of  this  skimmed  mixture  add  one  pound  of  Alum  and  one- 
half  pound  Copperas;  by  slow  degrees  add  three-fourths 
pound  Potash  and  four  quarts  fine  Sand  or  Wood  Ashes 
sifted.  Both  of  the  above  will  admit  of  any  coloring  you 
please.  It  looks  better  than  paint  and  is  as  durable  as  slate. 

PAINT  FOR  ROUGH  WOODWORK.— Six  pounds 
melted  Pitch,  one  pound  Linseed  Oil,  and  one  pound  Yel' 
low  Ochre. 

SUPERIOR  PAINT  FOR  BRICK  HOUSES.— To  Lime 
Whitewash  add,  for  a  fastener.  Sulphate  of  Zinc,  and  shade 
with  any  color  you  choose,  as  Yellow  Ochre,  Venetine  Red, 
etc.     It  outlasts  oil  paint. 

ART  OF  ETCHING  ON  COPPER.— Having  obtained 
a  piece  of  fine  Copper,  which  will  be  well  polished,  make  a 

63 


54  ONE   THOUSAND   SECRETS    REVEALED. 

mixture  of  Beeswax  and  a  small  quantity  of  Resin;  melt 
these  together,  and  when  thoroughly  incorporated  by  stir- 
ring, take  a  camel's  hair  brush  and  cover  the  plate,  which 
must  previously  be  warmed  by  the  fire,  with  an  even  coating 
of  the  mixture. 

When  the  mixture  becomes  hardened  upon  the  plate, 
sketch  the  desired  object  upon  the  surface,  then  take  an 
etching  point,  a  large  needle  fixed  in  a  handle  will  do,  and 
cut  through  the  wax  to  the  surface  of  the  copper,  taking 
care  to  make  the  lines  as  distinct  as  possible. 

This  being  done,  raise  a  border  of  wax  all  around  the 
plate,  then  pour  strong  Nitric  Acid  on  the  plate  tothedepth 
of  an  inch.  The  Acid  will  eat  away  the  copper  in  those 
places  which  have  been  bared  by  the  etching  point.  From 
time  to  time  pour  off  the  acid  and  wash  the  plate  to  see  how 
the  work  is  going  on.  Stop  up  with  with  wax  those  places 
that  appear  to  be  etched  deep  enough,  pour  Acid  upon  the 
others,  and  let  it  remain  until  the  process  is  completed. 
This  done,  melt  off  the  wax  clean  the  plate,  and  the  etch- 
ing is  ready  for  the  press.  This  is  an  employment  from 
which  a  good  remuneration  may  be  derived, 

MAHOGANY  FURNITURE  VARNISH.— Take  of 
Proof  Alcohol  one  quart,  cut  therein  all  the  Gum  Shellac 
it  will  take,  add  two  ounces  of  Venice  Turpentine,  and  color- 
ing to  suit.  This  makes  abeautiful  polish  and  will  wear  for 
years. 

WATER-PROOF  FOR  LEATHER.  —  Take  Linseed 
Oil  one  pint,  Yellow  Wax  and  White  Turpentine  each  two 
ounces,  Burgundy  Pitch  two  ounces,  melt  and  color  with 
Lamp  Black. 

TO  TAKE  STAINS  OUT  OF  MAHOGANY.  —  Mix 
Spirits  of  Salts  six  parts,  Salt  of  Lemons  one  part,  then 
drop  a  little  on  the  stains,  and  rub  them  till  they  disappear. 

CEMENTS.  —  Cements  of  various  kinds  should  be  kept 
for  occasional  use.  Flour  paste  answers  very  well  for  slight 
purposes  ;  if  required  stronger  than  usual,  boil  a  little  Glue 
or  put  some  powdered  Resin  in  it.    White  of  Egg,  or  a  solu- 


MISCELLANEOUS    DEPARTMENT.  55 

ti'on  of  Glue  and  a  strong  Gum  Water  are  good  cements. 
A  paste  made  of  Linseed  Meal  dries  very  hard  and  adheres 
firmly.  A  soft  cement  is  made  of  Yellow  Wax,  melted  with 
its  weight  of  Turpentine,  and  a  little  Venetine  Red  to  give 
it  color.  This  when  cool  is  as  hard  as  soap,  and  is  very  use- 
ful to  stop  up  cracks,  and  is  better  to  cover  the  corks  of 
bottles  than  sealing  wax  or  hard  cement. 

The  best  cement  for  broken  china  or  glass  is  that  sold 
under  the  name  of  Diamond  cement;  it  is  colorless  and 
resists  moisture.  This  is  made  by  soaking  Isinglass  in  wa- 
ter until  it  is  soft,  and  then  dissolving  it  in  Proof  Spirits  ; 
add  to  this  a  little  Gum  Ammoniac  or  Galbonam  or  Mastic, 
both  dissolved  in  as  little  Alcohol  as  possible.  When  the 
cement  is  to  be  used,  it  must  be  gently  liquified  by  placing 
the  vial  containing  it  in  boiling  water.  The  vial  must  be 
well  closed  with  a  good  cork,  not  a  glass  stopper,  as  they 
become  forced.  It  is  applied  to  the  broken  edges  by  a 
camel's  hair  pencil. 

When  objects  are  not  to  be  exposed  to  the  moisture,  the 
White  of  an  Egg  alone  is  mixed  with  finely  powdered 
Quicklime,  will  answer  very  well ;  Shellac  dissolved  in 
water  is  better. 

A  very  strong  cement  for  all  earthenware  is  made  by 
boiling  slices  of  Skim-Milk  Cheese  and  Water  into  a  paste, 
then  grinding  the  Quicklime  in  a  marble  mortar,  or  on  a 
slab  with  a  mallet. 

TO  MEND  IRON. —  Mix  finely  some  sifted  Lime  with 
the  White  of  an  Egg  till  a  thin  sort  of  paste  is  formed, 
then  add  some  Iron  Filings.  Apply  this  to  the  fracture  and 
the  vessel  will  be  found  nearly  as  sound  as  ever. 

PATENT  GLUE.  —  One  pound  fine  Isinglass  and  one 
pint  Rain  Water,  boil  and  prepare  an  ordinary  glue,  then 
add  slowly,  stirring  continually,  two  ounces  Nitric  Acid, 
bottle  and  it  is  fit  for  use.  It  will  permanently  adhere  to 
wood,  leather,  paper  and  everything  else.  It  sells  for  twen- 
ty-five cents  an  ounce;  by  keeping  it  secret  Spaulding  has 
made  a  fortune  out  of  it;  read  his  advertisement.  Truly 
it  is  a  young  fortune  to  a  good  peddler. 


56  ONE    THOUSAND   SECRETS   REVEALED. 

PATENT  BLACKING.— One  gallon  Alcohol,  one  ounce 
Sulphuric  Acid,  one  and  one-half  pounds  Gum  Shellac;  let 
stand  48  hours,  then  add  one-fourth  pound  of  Ivory  Black. 
Let  stand  24  hours,  then  carefully  pour  off  the  top  :  this  is 
ready  for  use,  and  is  water  proof.  This  recipe  costs  $50 ; 
is  for  the  polish  of  all  leather.  It  sells  in  four  ounce  bottles 
at  $1  per  bottle. 

STENCIL  CUTTING.  —  Take  a  thin  copper  or  brass 
plate,  lay  flat  on  the  side,  then  take  a  sharp  edged  steel, 
write  thereon  the  same  as  common  writing,  but  press  suffi- 
ciently hard  to  cut  through  the  plate.  To  mark,  lay  the 
plate  thus  cut  upon  the  cloth,  and  apply  ink  by  means  of  a 
brush  to  the  back  of  the  plate,  and  it  will  wet  the  cloth 
where  the  cut  is  made  by  the  writing.  A  little  practice  will 
enable  a  person  to  cut  beautifully.  There  is  money  to  be 
made  at  this.     Sorflfe  make  $10  a  day. 

GLUE  FOR  CEMENTING  PAPER  AND  LEATHER. 
— Take  Isinglass  and  Parchment  each  one  ounce.  Sugar 
Candy  and  Gum  Tragacanth  each  two  drachms,  add  to  them 
one  ounce  Water,  and  boil  the  whole  together  till  the  mix- 
ture appears  (when  cold)  of  the  consistency  of  Glue  ;  then 
pour  it  into  any  form  you  please.  If  this  glue  be  wet  with 
the  tongue,  and  rubbed  on  the  edge  of  paper,  silk  or  leather 
that  are  to  be  cemented,  they  will,  on  being  laid  together, 
pressed  tightly  and  suffered  to  dry,  be  as  firmly  united  as 
other  parts  of  the  substance.    It  is  fine  to  seal  letters. 

NEW  ENGLAND  SOAP.— Take  three  pounds  of  hard, 
white  soap,  shave  it  up  fine,  dissolve  it  in  ten  quarts  boiling 
water  ;  add  one  ounce  Salts  of  Tartar,  three  ounces  Borax; 
then  take  the  same  from  the  fire  and  set  it  away  to  cool;  as 
soon  as  it  becomes  cool  enough  to  bear  your  hand  in,  add 
one  ounce  liquid  Ammonia ;  stir  each  article  as  you 
put  it  in. 

TO  HARDEN  WOOD  —One  often  desires  to  impart  the 
hardness  of  Oak-to  shutters,  doors,  etc.,  made  of  soft  wood. 
This  is  easily  done  by  giving  them  a  first  coating  of  common 
gray  paint,  and  then  sifting  some  very  fine  sand  over  iU 


MISCELLANEOUS   DEPARTMENT.  57 

When  dry  a  coat  of  paint  is  laid  on,  after  which  the  surface 
becomes  so  hard  that  it  will  resist  the  action  of  sun  and  rain, 
for  many  years  without  undergoing  the  slightest  alteration. 

WASHING  FLUID— Two  pounds  crude  Potash,  one 
ounce  Sal  Ammoniac,  one-half  ounce  Saltpeter,  two  gallons 
Rain  Water,  one  pint  for  eight  gallons  of  Water,  and  one 
pound  Soap.  Put  the  clothes  to  soak  over  night  and  rinse 
in  the  morning.    This  has  been  sold  for  $5  for  some  time. 

LIQUID  CEMENT.  — Cut  Gum  Shellac  in  70  per  cent. 
Alcohol,  put  it  in  vials,  and  it  is  ready  for  use.  Apply  it  to 
the  edge  of  the  broken  dish  with  a  feather,  and  hold  it  in  a 
spirit  lamp  as  long  as  the  cement  will  simmer,  then  join  to- 
gether evenly,  and  when  cold  the  dish  will  break  in  another 
place  first,  and  is  as  strong  as  new. 

TO  CLEAN  WINE  DECANTERS.— Use  a  little  Pearl 
Ash  or  Soda,  and  some  Cinders  and  Water.  Rinse  them 
out  with  water. 

TO  CLEAN  CHINA.  — Use  a  little  of  Fuller's  Earth, 
and  Soda  or  Pearl  Ash  with  Water. 

BURNING  FLUID.— Four  quarts  Alcohol,  one  pint  Spir- 
its of  Turpentine  ;    mix  well.    It  is  the  best  in  use. 

FLY  POISON.— Sugar  half  ounce,  half  ounce  thoroughly 
ground  Black  Pepper.  Make  it  to  thin  paste  and  place  it 
on  paper  where  the  flies  do  congregate. 

FURNITURE  POLISH.  — Best  Vinegar  one  pint.  Tur- 
pentine half  pint.     Mix  and  apply  with  a  brush. 

PATENT  SOAP.— Half  pint  Turpentine,  three  pints  Sal 
Soda,  three  pounds  grease,  two  pounds  Resin  Soap,  forty 
gallons  Water.  Boil  one  hour  and  it  is  fit  for  use.  This  is 
a  great  soap.     Keep  it  to  yourself. 

RAT,  MOUSE  AND  ROACH  EXTERMINATOR.— 
One  pint  Alcohol,  one-fourth  ounce  Cayenne  Pepper,  one 
ounce  powdered  Anise  Seed,  one-fourth  ounce  Saltpeter^ 
one-fourth  ounce  White  Lead,  four  ounces  Essence  of  Hops. 
Steam  this  slowly  for  an  hour,  then  add  thirty  drops  Quas- 
sia.   Let  stand  48  hours,  and  add  one  gallon  of  Water;  bot- 


58  ONE   THOUSAND   SECRETS   REVEALED. 

tie  for  use.  To  use,  saturate  bread,  meat,  etc.,  and  lay  it  in 
their  frequented  places.  In  two  nights  not  one  will  be  seen. 
It  sells  for  $1.00  per  4  ounce  bottle  ;  or  drive  them  away 
yourself  for  §5  a  farm  or  $2  a  house. 

TO  CLEAN  BRITIANNIA  WARE.— Britiannia  ware 
should  be  washed  with  a  woolen  cloth  and  sweet  oil,  then 
washed  in  water  and  suds,  and  rubbed  with  soft  leather  and 
whiting.     Thus  treated   it   will  retain  its  beauty  to  the  last. 

THE  ART  OF  PAINTING  ON  GLASS.— The  only  differ- 
ence  between  ordinary  painting  and  painting  on  glass  is, 
that  in  the  latter  all  transparent  colors  are  used  instead  of 
opaque  ones  and  the  color  is  ground  up  with  Turpentine 
and  Varnish  instead  of  Oil.  In  painting  upon  glass  it  is 
necessary  to  place  the  picture  between  the  artist  and  the 
light  to  enable  him  to  see  the  effect,  the  light  having  the 
property  of  casting  a  yellowish  tinge  upon  all  colors  so  ex- 
posed. To  persons  having  a  knowledge  of  coloring,  this  art 
is  easily  learned,  and  affords  a  handsome  remuneration. 

OIL  PASTE  FOR  BLACKING  BOOTS  AND  SHOES.— 
Two  ounces  Oil  of  Vitriol,  four  ounces  Tanner's  Oil,  mix 
and  let  stand  forty-eight  hours,  then  add  five  ounces 
Molasses  and  one  pound  Ivory  Black;  stir  well  and  then 
put  up  for  sale.  This  has  been  the  fortune  of  Mason,  of 
Philadelphia. 

CRYSTAL  CEMENT.— Dissolve  one  pound  of  White 
Glue  in  one  and  one-half  pints  of  hot  water,  then  cut  one 
ounce  Gum  Shellac  in  one  and  one-half  pints  Alcohol,  and 
mix  with  the  glue,  then  stir  in  two  ounces  of  dry  White 
Lead,  and  add  one  ounce  of  Turpentine.  This  makes  the 
best  cement  of  anything  that  has  been  discovered.  It  will 
stand  heat,  and  articles  will  break  in  another  place  sooner 
than  where  put  together.  This  is  a  fortune  to  an  enterpris- 
ing man. 

FOR  CLEANING  MARBLE.— Muriatic  Acid  two  lbs., 
Acetic  Acid  one-half  lb..  Verdigris  one  quarter  ounce.  Mix 
and  apply  with  a  brush.  Wash  the  stone  after  with  sponge 
and  water.    After  the  stone  is  clean  rub  it  smooth  with 


MISCELLANEOUS   DEPARTMENT.  59 

Pumice  Stone,  keeping  it  wet  with  water.  After  some  little 
practice  you  can  clean  an  old,  dirty  tombstone  so  that  a 
marble  cutter  cannot  detect  it  from  being  new  work. 

A  NEW  ART,  OR  THE  LIGHTNING  INTEREST 
RULES. — Reduce  the  whole  time  to  months  and  set  it 
down  in  figures;  divide  the  number  of  days  by  three, 
and  set  the  quotient  down  to  the  right  of  the  months,  and 
multiply  that  by  the  quotient  of  the  money  divided  by  two; 
the  answer  will  be  the  interest  at  six  per  cent.  To  change 
to  any  other  rate,  multiply  the  interest  by  it  and  divide  by 
six.  $160— one  year,  seven  months,  twenty-one  days,  at  six 
per  cent.     $160— 2— $80x197— $16.76  at  6. 

Parties  in  New  York  are  teaching  this  rule  at  $5  a  scholar. 

BOTTLE  WAX.— Black.— Black  Resin  six  and  one-half 
pounds,  Beeswax  one-half  pound,  finely  powdered  Ivory 
Black  one  and  one-half  pounds.  Melt  together.  Red. — 
As  the  last,  but  substitute  \'enctian  Red  or  Red  Lead  for 
the  Ivory  Black. 

LIQUID  MUCILAGE.— Fine  clean  Glue  one  pound. 
Gum  Arabic  ten  ounces,  Water  one  quart.  Melt  by  heat  in 
glue  kettle  or  water  bath;  when  entirely  melted,  add  slowly 
ten  ounces  strong  Nitric  Acid,  set  off  to  cool.  Then  bottle, 
adding  a  couple  of  cloves  to  each  bottle. 

BLUING  FOR  CLOTHES.— Take  one  ounce  of  soft 
Prussian  Blue,  powder  it  and  put  in  a  bottle  with  a  quart  of 
clear  Rainwater,  and  add  one-fourth  ounce  of  Oxalic  Acid. 
A  teaspoonful  is  sufficient  for  a  large  washing. 

SWAIN'S  VERMIFUGE.— Wormseed  two  ounces.  Val- 
erian, Rhubarb,  Pink-Root,  White  Agaric,  of  each  1^ 
ounce.  Boil  in  sufScient  water  to  yield  three  quarts  of 
decoction  and  add  to  it  30  drops  of  Oil  of  Tansy  and  45 
drops  of  Oil  of  Cloves;  dissolve  in  a  quart  of  rectified  spir- 
its.   Dose  one  tablespoonful  at  night. 

TO  MAKE  PADS.— A  piece  of  fine  Woolen  Cloth  sat- 
urated with  ink,  makes  an  excellent  pad,  but  it  is  cus- 
tomary to  place  sheet  cotton  underneath  and  muslin  over 
the  cloth,  bringing  the  muslin  down  around  the  edges  and 


60  ONE  THOUSAND  SECRETS   REVEALED. 

fasten  by  tacking  on  a  binding  of  Tin  or  Morocco  Leather 
strips. 

TO  MAKE  WAX  FLOWERS.— The  following  articles 
will  be  required  to  commence  wax  work  :  two  pounds  White 
Wax,  one-fourth  pound  Hair  Wire,  one  bottle  Carrnine  one 
Ultramarine  Blue,  one  bottle  Chrome  Yellow,  two  bottles 
Chrome  Green,  No.  1,  two  bottles  Chrome  Green  No.  2, 
one  bottle  each  of  Rose  Pink,  Royal  Purple,  Scarlet 
Powder  and  Balsam  Fir,  two  dozen  sheets  White  Wax. 
This  will  do  to  begin  with.  Now  have  a  clean  tin 
dish,  and  pour  therein  a  quart  or  two  of  water ;  then 
put  in  about  one  pound  of  the  White  Wax,  and  let  it 
boil.  When  cool  enough,  so  the  bubbles  will  not  form  on 
top,  it  is  ready  to  sheet,  which  is  done  as  follows  :  Take 
half  a  window  pane,  7x9,  and  after  having  washed  it  clean, 
dip  into  a  dish  containing  weak  soap-suds  ;  then  dip  into 
the  Wax,  and  draw  out  steadily,  and  plunge  it  into  the  suds, 
when  the  sheet  will  readily  come  off.  Lay  it  on  a  cloth  or 
clean  paper  to  dry.  Proceed  in  like  manner  until  you  have 
enough  of  the  white  ;  then  add  enough  of  the  green  powder 
to  make  a  bright  color,  and  heat  and  stir  thoroughly  until 
the  color  is  evenly  distributed,  then  proceed  as  for  sheeting 
white  wax.  The  other  colors  are  rubbed  into  the  leaves 
after  they  are  cut  out,  rubbing  light  or  heavy  according  to 
shade. 

For  patterns  you  can  use  any  natural  leaf,  forming  the 
creases  in  wax  with  thumb  nail  or  needle.  To  put  the 
flowers  together,  or  the  leaves  on  the  stem,  hold  in  the  hand 
until  warm  enough  to  stick.  If  the  sheeted  wax  is  to  be 
used  in  summer,  put  in  a  little  Balsam  of  Fir  to  make  it 
hard.     If  for  winter,  none  will  be  required. 

You  can  make  many  flowers  without  a  teacher,  but  one  to 
assist  in  the  commencement  would  be  a  great  help,  though 
the  most  particular  thing  about  it  is  to  get  the  wax  sheeted. 
The  materials  I  have  suggested  can  be  procured  at  any 
drug  store,  and  will  cost  from  S3.00  to  $4.50. 

PORTABLE  LEMONADE.— Tartaric  acid  one  ounce, 
White  Sugar  two  pounds,  Essence  of  Lemon  one-fourth 


MISCLLLANEOUS  DEPARTMENT.  61 

ounce;  powder  and  keep  dry  for  use.  One  dessert  spoonfui 
will  make  a  glass  of  lemonade. 

TO  NEUTRALIZE  WHISKY  TO  MAKE  VARIOUS 
LIQUORS. — To  forty  gallons  of  Whisky  add  one  and  one- 
half  pounds  unslacked  Lime,  three-fourths  of  a  pound  of 
(*l.um,  and  one-half  pint  Spirits  of  Nitre.  Stand  twenty- 
tour  hours  and  draw  it  ofi. 

MADEIRA  WINE.— To  four  gallons  prepared  Cider,  add 
one-fourth  pound  Tartaric  Acid,  four  gallons  of  Spirits, 
three  pounds  Loaf  Sugar.  Let  stand  ten  days,  draw  it  off 
carefully.     Fine  it  down,  and  again  rack  it  in  another  cask. 

SHERRY  WINE.— To  forty  gallons  prepared  Cider  add 
two  gallons  Spirits,  three  pounds  of  Raisins,  six  gallons 
good  Sherry  and  one-half  ounce  Oil  of  Bitter  Almonds,  dis- 
solved in  Alcohol.  Let  it  stand  ten  days,  draw  it  off  care- 
fully.    Fine  it  down,  and  again  rack  it  in  another  cask. 

ARTIFICIAL  HONEY.— Take  eight  pounds  of  White 
Sugar,  add  two  quarts  of  Water,  boil  four  minutes,  then  add 
one  pound  of  Bee's  Honey.  Strain  while  hot.  Flavor  with 
a  drop  of  Oil  of  Peppermint  and  a  drop  of  the  Oil  of  Rose. 

PORT  WINE. — To  forty  gallons  prepared  Cider  add  six 
gallons  good  Port  Wine,  ten  quarts  Wild  Grapes,  clusters, 
one-half  pound  bruised  Rhatany  Root,  three  ounces  Tinc- 
ture of  Kino,  three  pounds  Loaf  Sugar,  two  gallons  Spirits. 
Let  this  stand  ten  days.  Color,  if  too  light  with  Tincture  of 
Rhatany,  then  rack  it  off  and  fine  it.  This  should  be 
repeated  until  the  color  is  perfect  and  the  liquid  clear. 

CLEANING  COMPOUND.— Mix  one  ounce  of  Borax 
and  one  ounce  Gum  Camphor  with  one  quart  of  boiling 
water.  When  cool  add  one  pint  of  Alcohol,  bottle  and  cork 
tightly.  When  wanted  for  use,  shake  well  and  sponge  the 
garments  to  be  cleaned.  This  is  an  excellent  mixture  for 
cleaning  soiled  black  cashmere  and  woolen  dresses,  coat 
collars  and  black  felt  hats. 

SHAVING  SOAP,— Good  white  Soap  in  fine  shavings, 
three  pounds  ;  Balm  Soap,  one  pound  ;  Soft  Water,  three- 
fourths  of  a  pound  ;  Soda,  one  ounce.      Melt  carefully  over 


62  ONE   THOUSAND  SECRETS  REVEALED. 

a  slow  fire  in  an  earthen  vessel ;  then  add  Oil  of  Lavender 
sixty  drops,  Oil  of  Lemon  forty  drops  ;  mix  well  and  make 
into  forms, 

LEATHER  CEMENT.— Take  Gutta  Percha  cut  in 
Chloroform  to  right  consistency  for  use.  Equal  to  Cook's 
best  for  putting  patches  on  leather,  cloth  shoes  or  bootSi 
Well  worth  $100. 

TO  FASTEN  PAPER  TO  TIN.— Take  good  clear  pale 
yellow  Glue,  break  it  into  rather  small  pieces,  and  let  it 
soak  a  few  hours  in  cold  water.  Pour  off  the  supernatant 
water,  place  the  glue  thus  softened  in  a  wide-mouthed  bot- 
tle ;  add  sufficient  Glacial  Acid  to  cover  the  Glue,  and 
facilitate  the  solution  by  standing  the  bottle  in  warm  water. 
This  Acetic  will  stick  almost  anything. 

HUNTERS' AND  TRAPPERS'  SECRET.— Take  equal 
parts  of  Oil  of  Rhodium,  Anise  Oil,  Sweet  Oil  and  Honey, 
and  mix  well.  Put  a  few  drops  on  any  kind  of  bait.  For 
musk-rats  use  sweet  apples  or  vegetables  for  bait.  For 
mink  use  a  chicken's  head  or  a  piece  of  fresh  meat. 

FIRE  KINDLERS.— To  make  very  nice  fire  kindlers 
take  Resin,  any  quantity,  and  melt  it,  putting  in  for  each 
pound  being  used  two  or  three  ounces  of  Tallow,  and  when 
all  is  hot  stir  in  Pine  Sawdust  to  make  very  thick,  and  while 
yet  hot  spread  it  out  about  one  inch  thick,  upon  boards 
which  have  fine  Sawdust  sprinkled  upon  them  to  prevent  it 
from  sticking.  When  cold  break  up  into  lumps  about  an 
inch  square.  But  if  for  sale  take  a  thin  board  and  press 
upon  it  while  yet  warm,  to  lay  it  off  into  inch  squares.  This 
makes  it  break  regularly,  if  you  press  the  crease  sufficiently 
deep.    Grease  the  marked  board  to  prevent  it  sticking. 

RED  SEALING  WAX.— Purchase  four  pounds  Shellac, 
one  and  one-half  pounds  Venier  Turpentine,  three  pounds 
finest  Cinnabar,  and  four  ounces  Venetian  ;  mix  the  whole 
well  together  and  melt  over  a  very  slow  fire.  Pour  it  on  a 
thick,  smooth  glass,  or  any  other  flat  smooth  surface,  and 
make  it  into  three,  six  or  ten  sticks. 


MISCELLANEOUS    DEPARTMENT.  6S 

FURNITURE  POLISH.— Equal  parts  Sweet  Oil  and 
Vinegar  and  a  pint  of  Gum  Arabic  finely  powdered.  Shake 
the  bottle  and  apply  with  a  rag.  It  will  make  furniture 
look  as  good  as  new. 

BLACK  SEALING  WAX.— Purchase  the  best  Black 
Resin  three  pounds,  Beeswax  one-half  pound,  and  finely 
powdered  Ivory  Black  one  pound.  Melt  the  whole  together 
over  a  slow  fire,  and  make  it  into  sticks. 

CEMENT  FOR  LEATHER.— Virgin  India  Rubber  dis- 
solved in  Bisulphide  of  Carbon.  Add  Bisulphide  until  of 
proper  consistency  to  apply.  After  applying  hold  a  moder- 
ately warm  iron  over  the  patch. 

AROMATIC  SCHIEDAM  SCHNAPPS,  to  imitate.— To 
twenty-five  gallons  good  common  Gin,  five  over  proof,  add 
fifteen  pints  strained  Honey,  two  gallons  clear  Water,  five 
pints  White  Sugar  Syrup,  five  pints  Spirits  of  Nutmeg, 
mixed  with  Nitric  Ether,  five  pints  Orange  Flower  Water, 
seven  quarts  pure  Water,  one  ounce  Acetic  Ether,  eight 
drops  Oil  of  Wintergreen  dissolved  with  the  Acetic  Ether. 
Mix  all  the  ingredients  well  ;  if  necessary,  fine  with  Alum 
and  Salt  of  Tartar. 

CHAMPAGNE  CIDER.— Good  Cider,  pale,  one  hogs- 
head, Spirits  three  gallons.  Honey  or  Sugar  twenty  pounds. 
Mix  and  let  them  stand  for  two  weeks  ;  then  fine  with 
skimmed  Milk  one-half  gallon.  This  will  be  very  pale,  and 
a  similar  article,  when  bottled  in  champagne  bottles  and 
silvered  and  labeled,  has  often  been  sold  to  the  ignorant  for 
champagne. 

CIDER  WITHOUT  APPLES.— To  one  gallon  of  cold 
Water  add  dark  brown  Sugar  one  pound.  Tartaric  Acid 
one-half  ounce,  Yeast  three  tablespoonfuls.  Shake  well 
together. 

ST.  CROIX  RUM.— To  forty  gallons  p.  or  n.  Spirits  add 
two  gallons  St.  Croix  Rum,  two  ounces  Acetic  Acid,  one 
and  one-half  ounces  Butyric  Acid,  three  pounds  Loaf 
Sugar. 


64  ONE  THOUSAND   SECRETS   REVEALE&. 

IRISH  OR  SCOTCH  WHISKY.— To  forty  gallons 
proof  Spirits  add  sixty  drops  Creosote  dissolved  in  one  quart 
of  Alcohol,  two  ounces  Acetic  Acid,  one  pound  Loaf  Sugar. 
Stand  forty-eight  hours. 

FRENCH  BRANDY.— Pure  Spirits  one  gallon,  best 
l^rench  Brandy  (or  any  kind  you  wish  to  imitate)  one  quart, 
Loaf  Sugar  two  ounces.  Sweet  Spirits  of  Nitre  one-hall 
ounce,  a  few  drops  of  Tincture  of  Catechu  or  Oak  Bark,  to 
roughen  the  taste,  if  desired,  and  color  to  suit. 

ENGLISH  GIN.— Plain  Malt  Spirits  one  hundred  gal- 
lons. Spirits  of  Turpentine  one  pint,  Bay  Salt  seven  pounds. 
Mix  and  distill.  The  difference  in  the  flavor  of  Gin  is  pro- 
duced by  varying  the  proportion  of  Turpentine,  and  by 
occasionally  adding  a  small  quantity  of  Juniper  Berries. 

FRENCH  FURNITURE  POLISH.— Alcohol  * 98  per 
cent,  one  pint.  Gum  Copal  and  Shellac  of  each  one  ounce, 
Dragon's  Blood.  Mix  and  dissolve  by  setting  in  a  warm 
place. 

TO  TAKE  FAC-SIMILES  OF  SIGNATURES.— Write 
your  name  on  a  piece  of  paper,  and  while  the  ink  is  wet 
sprinkle  over  it  some  finely  powdered  Gum  Arabic,  then 
make  a  rim  around  it  and  pour  on  it  some  Fusible  Alloy  in 
a  liquid  state.  Impressions  may  be  taken  from  the  plates 
formed  in  this  way  by  means  of  printing  ink  and  a  copper- 
plate press. 

CHEMICAL  COMPOUND.— Aqua  Ammonia  two 
ounces,  soft  Water  one  quart,  Saltpeter  one  teaspoonful, 
Shaving  Soap  in  shavings  one  ounce.  Mix  all  together. 
Dissolve  the  Soap  well,  and  any  grease  or  dirt  that  can  not 
be  removed  with  this  preparation  nothing  else  need  be  tr'ed 
for  it. 

DISTILLING  WHISKY  FROM  MOLASSES.— Take 
five  gallons  of  Molasses,  mix  thoroughly  with  twenty-five 
gallons  soft  Water  in  a  barrel.  Stir  in  one-half  gallon 
Brewer's  Yeast ;  let  it  set  from  five  to  seven  days  in  a  warm 
place,  say  70  degrees.  During  this  time  fermentation  will 
proceed,  which  is  known  by  a  bubbling  sensation.    When 


MISCELLANEOUS    DErARTMKNT.  65 

this  subsides  it  is  ready  for  distilling.  To  distill  use  a 
common  washing  boiler,  with  the  top  well  closed  and  a  hole 
in  the  same,  or  thimble  soldered  on  for  the  steam  to  pass 
through  a  pipe.  Connect  a  tin  pipe,  say  two  inches  in 
diameter  and  ten  feet  long  with  a  short  elbow  end  to  the 
boiler  ;  let  tlie  other  end  incline  downward.  Fill  the  boiler 
one-half  full  of  the  fermented  wort,  boil  slowly  and  regu- 
larly until  there  is  no  taste  of  spirits  left.  The  atmosphere 
condenses  the  steam.  In  this  case  if  it  should  not  entirely 
condense  it  lengthen  or  enlarge  the  pipe.  The  liquid  thus 
obtained  is  low  wines,  and  to  use  the  same  process  of  run- 
ning proof  spirits  can  be  obtained.  To  continue  this  daily 
any  given  amount  of  molasses,  etc.,  can  be  mixed,  say  one 
barrel  each  day.  Five  quarts  can  be  obtained  from  four 
quarts  of  common  molasses. 

INK  POWDER.— Powdered  Nut  Galls  four  ounces, 
Copperas  three  ounces.  Logwood  one  ounce,  Gum  Arabic 
one-half  once.     Sufificient  for  one  quart  of  water. 

FLORIDA  WATER.— Dissolve  in  one-half  gallon  of  90 
per  cent.  Alcohol,  one  ounce  each  of  Oil  of  Lavender,  Oil 
of  Bergamot  and  Oil  of  Lemon  and  Oil  of  Cloves  and  Cinna- 
mon, one  drachm  each  ;  add  one  gallon  of  Water  and  filter, 

MOLASSES  CANDY.— Boil  Molasses  over  a  moderately 
hot  fire,  stirring  constantly.  When  you  think  it  is  done 
drop  a  little  on  a  plate,  and  if  sufficiently  boiled  it  will  be 
hard.  Add  a  small  quantity  of  Vinegar  to  render  it  brittle 
and  any  flavoring  ingredient  you  prefer.  Pour  in  buttered 
tin  pans.  If  nuts  are  to  be  added  strew  them  in  the  pans 
before  pouring  out  the  candy. 

TO  MAKE  EGGS  OF  PHARAOH'S  SERPENTS.— 
Take  Mercury  and  dissolve  it  in  moderately  diluted  Nitric 
Acid  by  means  of  heat,  take  care,  however,  that  there  be 
always  an  excess  of  Metallic  Mercury  remaining.  Decant 
the  solution,  and  pour  it  in  a  solution  of  Sulphocyanide  of 
Ammonia  or  Potassium,  which  may  be  bought  at  a  good 
drug  store  or  of  a  dealer  in  chemicals.  Equal  weights  of 
both  will  answer.    A  precipitate  will  fall  to  the  bottom  o£ 


66  ONE   THOUSAND    SF.CRETS   REVEALED. 

the  beaker  or  jar,  which  is  to  be  collected  on  a  filter,  and 
washed  two  or  three  times  with  water,  when  it  is  put  in  a 
warm  place  to  dry.  Take  for  every  pound  of  this  material 
one  ounce  of  Gum  Tragacanth,  which  has  been  soaked  in 
hot  water.  When  the  gum  is  completely  softened,  it  is  to 
be  transferred  to  a  mortar,  and  then  pulverized  and  dried 
precipitate  gradually  mixed  with  it,  by  means  of  a  little 
water,  so  as  to  present  a  somewhat  dried  pill  mass,  from 
which,  by  hand,  pellets  of  the  desired  size  are  formed,  put 
on  a  piece  of  glass,  and  dried  again.  They  are  then  ready 
for  use. 

BOOT  AND  SHOE  BLACKING.— Ivory  Black  one 
pound.  Molasses  two  ounces,  Olive  Oil  four  ounces,  Oil  of 
Vitriol  four  ounces.  Alcohol  eight  ounces.  Rye  Flour  one 
pound.     Mix  them  together  in  a  kettle. 

ANGLER'S  SECRET,  No.  L— Mix  the  juice  of  Lovage 
or  Smellage  with  any  kind  of  bait. 

No.  2. — Mullen  Seed  pulverized  and  mixed  with  dough, 
and  sprinkled  on  the  surface  of  still  water,  intoxicates  fish 
and  makes  them  turn  up  on  the  top  of  the  water. 

BRISTOL'S  TOOTH  POWDER.— Prepared  Chalk  one 
pound,  Castile  Soap  one-half  pound,  powdered  Yellow  Bark 
two  ounces,  powdered  Gum  Myrrh  two  ounces,  powdered 
Loaf  Sugar  two  ounces,  powdered  Orris  two  ounces  ;  mix 
intimately,  after  having  first  pulverized  the  Castile  Soap. 

ROYAL  WASHING  POWDER.— Mix  any  quantity  of 
Soda  Ash  with  an  equal  portion  of  Carbonate  of  Soda — ordi- 
nary Soda— crushed  into  coarse  grains.  Have  a  thin  solu- 
tion of  Glue,  or  decoction  of  Linseed  Oil  ready,  into  which 
pour  the  Soda  until  quite  thick.  Spread  it  out  on  boards  in 
a  warm  apartment  to  dry.  As  soon  as  dry,  shake  up  well, 
so  that  it  will  pack  easily  into  nice  square  packages.  Label 
neatly.  Pound  packages  cost  seven  cents  ;  retails  for 
thirty-five  cents. 

EGYPTIAN  CEMENT.— For  mending  china,  glass  or 
woodenware  :  Take  one  pound  of  the  best  White  Glue, 
one-half  pound  dry  White  Lead,  one  quart  soft  Water,  one- 


MISCELLANEOUS   DEPARTMENT.  67 

half  pint  Alcohol.  Put  the  three  first  articles  in  a  dish,  and 
that  dish  in  a  pot  of  boiling  water.  Let  it  boil  until  dis- 
solved, then  add  the  Alcohol,  and  boil  again  until  mixed. 
A  little  Camphor  should  be  added,  to  preserve  it  and  dis- 
guise its  composition.     Put  in  small  bottles  ;  25  cents  each. 

"HANDY"  WATER  PENS.— Take  best  quality  violet 
Analine,  reduce  to  a  thick  paste  with  water;  then  add 
Mucilage  and  mix  thoroughly.  Apply  the  paste  thus  made 
to  the  pen,  and  let  it  dry  twelve  hours.  Any  steel  pen  may 
be  prepared  in  this  way.  We  always  keep  in  stock  the  best 
\ioIet  Analine,  also  a  large  stock  of  pens. 

DiRKCTiONS  FOR  UsiN'G. — Start  action  by  dipping  into 
water  up  to  filling.  If  pen  should  be  greasy,  wet  point  with 
the  tongue.  To  make  the  ink  flow  thick,  dip  to  the  filling, 
if  wanted  tiiin  or  pale,  dip  only  to  the  eye  of  pen  after  start- 
ing. After  using  throw  the  water  off,  but  don't  wipe  it,  for 
it  will  dry  in  a  minute. 

ARTIFICIAL  OYSTERS.— Grate  green  corn  in  a  dish; 
to  one  pint  of  this  add  one  egg  well  beaten,  small  teacup  of 
flour,  half  a  cup  of  butter  salt  and  peper  ;  mix  well  together, 
and  fry  them  brown. 

PASTE  THAT  WILL  NOT  SOUR.— Dissolve  one-half 
of  an  ounce  of  Alum  in  a  pint  of  boiling  Water,  add  an 
equal  weight  of  Flour,  made  smooth  in  a  little  cold  water, 
and  a  few  drops  of  Oil  of  Cloves,  and  let  the  whole  come  to 
a  boil.  Put  it  into  glass  or  ointment  jars.  It  will  keep  for 
months 

ESSENCES  are  made  with  one  ounce  of  any  given  oil 
added  to  one  pint  of  Alcohol.  Peppermint  is  colored  with 
Tincture  Turmeric,  Cinnamon  with  Tincture  Red  Saunders, 
Wintergreen  with  Tincture  Kino. 

TINCTURES  are  made  with  one  ounce  of  gum,  root,  or 
bark,  etc.,  dried,  to  each  pint  of  proof  spirits,  and  let  it  stand 
one  week  and  filter. 

OLEOMARGARINE  MANUFACTURE.— The  process 
by  which  suet  is  converted  into  the  substance  called  oleo- 
margarine is  as  follows:  The  crude  suet  after  first  being 


68  ONE   THOUSAND   SECRETS   REVEALED. 

washed  in  cold  water  is  "rendered,"  melted,  and  then  drawn 
off  into  movable  tanks.  The  hard  substance  is  subjected  to 
a  hydraulic  pressure  of  350  tons,  and  the  oil  extracted.  The 
butter  is  made  from  the  oil  thus  obtained,  while  the  hard 
substance  remaining  is  disposed  of  as  stearine.  The  oil, 
being  carried  off  into  churns,  is  mixed  with  milk  and  from 
three  to  five  per  cent,  of  dairy  butter.  It  is  then  drawn  off 
into  a  consistent  form,  and  cooled  with  broken  ice.  The 
latter  is  soon  removed,  and  the  butter  worked  up  with  a 
small  portion  of  salt.  When  this  is  done  the  article  is  ready 
for  packing  and  consumption. 

SILVER  PLATING  FLUID.— Take  one  ounce  Precipi- 
tate Silver  to  one-half  ounce  Cyanite  of  Potash  and  one- 
fourth  ounce  of  Hyposulphate  of  Soda.  Put  all  in  a  quart 
of  water,  add  a  little  Whiting,  and  shake  before  using. 
Apply  with  a  soft  rag.  Put  up  in  ounce  bottles,  and  retail 
for  25  cents.  The  secret  is  worth  $100  to  an  agent  to  sell  to 
families. 

MUCILAGE  FOR  LABELS.  — Dextrine  two  ounces. 
Glycerine  one  drachm.  Alcohol  one  ounce,  water  six  ounces. 

FIG  CANDY. — Take  one  pound  of  Sugar  and  one  pint 
of  Water,  set  over  a  slow  fire.  When  done  add  a  few  drops 
of  Vinegar  and  a  lump  of  Butter,  and  pour  into  a  pan  in 
which  Figs  are  laid. 

RAISIN  CANDY. —  Can  be  made  in  the  same  manner, 
substituting  stoned  raisins  for  the  Figs.  Common  Molasses 
Candy  is  very  nice  with  any  kind  of  nuts  added. 

PEPPERMINT,  ROSE,  or  HOARHOUND  CANDY.— 
These  may  be  made  as  Lemon  Candy.  Flavor  with  Essence 
of  Rose,  or  Peppermint,  or  finely  powdered  Hoarhound. 
Pour  it  out  in  a  buttered  paper,  placed  in  a  square  tin  pan. 

COLOGNE. — Take  one  gallon  95  per  cent.  Alcohol  or 
Cologne  Spirits,  two  ounces  Oil  of  Bergamot,  one-half  ounce 
Orange,  one  half  ounce  Oil  of  Cedar,  one-half  drachm  Oil 
of  Nevio,  one-half  drachm  Oil  Rosemary.  Mix  well  and  it 
is  fit  for  use.     A  nice  article. 


MISCELLANEOUS   DEPARTMENT.  69 

BAY  RUM,  EQUAL  TO  THE  REST  IMPORTED.— 
Oil  of  Bay,  fine,  one  and  one-half  drachms,  Oil  of  Neroli 
(bigard)  ten  drops.  Ether  Acetic  two  drachms,  Alcohol 
deod.  (strong)  three  pints.  Water,  two  and  one-fourth  pints, 
Caromcl  sufficient  to  tinge.  Let  it  stand  two  weeks  and 
filter. 

COPYING  PAD.— White  Gelatine  four  ounces.  Water 
eight  ounces,  Glycerine  eight  ounces,  Gum  Dextrine  two 
ounces.  Always  use  these  same  proportions  for  any  amount. 
Melt  the  Gelatine  in  the  water  at  a  gentle  heat,  add  to  it  the 
Glycerine,  in  which  the  Gum  Dextrine  has  been  thoroughly 
incorporated.  Now  stir  all  together  until  thoroughly  mixed 
and  then  pour  into  pans  of  the  desired  size,  to  the  depth  of 
one-half  inch. 

Recipe  for  Ink  to  be  itscd.— Violet  Analine  forty  grains. 
Gum  Arabic  twelve  grains.  Alcohol  one-fourth  ounce, Water 
one-half  ounce.  Dissolve  the  Gum  in  the  Water  and  Alco- 
hol, then  add  the  Analine.  Shake  in  a  bottle  from  time  to 
time  until  the  Analine  is  dissolved. 

To  Work  the  Copying  Pod.— Write  with  the  ink  on  any 
good  paper,  press  the  written  surface  on  the  pad  and  allow 
it  to  remain  two  minutes;  then  take  off  and  the  writing  will 
remain,  from  which  impressions  may  be  taken  by  laying  on 
plain  paper,  and  smoothing  with  the  hand.  As  soon  as  the 
last  impression  is  taken  be  sure  and  wash  off  with  a  wet 
sponge. 

TO  BORE  HOLES  IN  GLASS.— Any  hard  Steel  tool 
will  cut  glass  with  great  facility  when  kept  freely  wet  with 
camphor  dissolved  in  turpentine.  A  drill  bow  may  be  used, 
or  even  the  hand  alone.  A  hole  bored  may  be  readily  en- 
larged by  a  round  file.  The  ragged  edges  of  glass  vessels 
may  also  be  thus  easily  smoothed  by  a  flat  file.  Flat  window 
glass  can  readily  be  sawed  by  a  watch  spring  saw  by  aid  of 
this  solution.  In  short  the  most  brittle  glass  can  be  wrought 
almost  as  easily  as  brass  by  the  use  of  cutting  tools  kept 
constantly  moist  with  Camphorized  Oil  of  Turpentine. 

TO  ETCH  UPON  GLASS.— Procure  several  thick,  clear 
pieces  of  crown  glass;  and  immerse  them  in  Melted  Wax, 


70  ONE   THOUSAND   SECRETS   REVEALED, 

SO  that  each  may  receive  a  complete  coating,  or  pour  over 
them  a  solution  of  Wax  in  Benzine.  When  perfectly  cold 
draw  on  them  with  a  fine  steel  point,  flowers,  trees,  liouseg, 
portraits,  etc.  Whatever  parts  of  the  drawings  are  intended 
to  be  corroded  with  the  acid  should  be  perfectly  free  from 
the  least  particle  of  wax.  When  all  these  drawings  are 
finished  the  pieces  of  glass  must  be  immersed  one  by  one 
in  a  square  leaden  box  or  receiver,  where  they  are  to  be 
submitted  to  the  action  of  Hydroflouric  Acid  Gas,  made  by 
acting  on  Powdered  Flour-Spar  by  Concentrated  Suliihuric 
Acid.  When  the  glasses  are  sufficiently  corroded,  they  are 
to  be  taken  out,  and  the  wax  is  to  be  removed  by  first  dip- 
ping them  in  warm  and  then  in  hot  water,  or  by  washing 
with  turpentine  or  benzine.  Various  colors  may  be  applied 
to  the  corroded  parts  of  the  glass,  whereby  a  fine  painting 
may  be  executed.  In  the  same  manner  sentences  and 
initials  of  names  may  be  etched  on  wine-glasses,  tumblers, 
etc. 

RUBBER  HAND  STAMPS.— Set  up  the  desired  name 
and  address  in  common  type,  oil  the  type,  and  place  a  guard 
about  one-half  inch  high  around  the  form.  Now  mix  Plaster 
of  Paris  to  the  desired  consistency,  pour  in  and  allow  it  to 
set.  Have  your  Vulcanized  Rubber  all  ready,  as  made  in 
long  strips  three  inches  wide  and  one-eighth  of  an  inch 
thich,  cut  off  the  size  of  the  intended  stamp.  Remove  the 
plaster  cast  from  the  type,  and  place  both  the  cast  and  the 
rubber  in  a  screw  press,  applying  sufficient  heat  to  thor- 
oughly soften  the  rubber,  then  turn  down  the  screw  hard, 
and  let  it  remain  until  the  rubber  receives  the  exact  impres- 
sion of  the  cast  and  becomes  cold,  when  it  is  removed, 
neatly  trimmed  with  a  sharp  knife,  and  cemented  to  the 
handle,  ready  for  use. 

COMMON  TWIST  CANDY.— Boil  three  pounds  of  com- 
mon Sugar  and  one  pint  of  water  over  a  slow  fire  for  half  an 
hour  without  skimming.  When  boiled  enough  take  it  off, 
rub'  your  hands  over  with  butter;  take  that  which  is  a  little 
cooled  and  pull  it  as  you  would  molasses  candy,  until  it  is 
white;  then  twist  or  braid  it  and  cut  it  up  in  strips. 


MISCEJ  T.ANEOUS    DEPARTMENT.  71 

STICKY  FLY  PAPER.  Boiled  Linseed  Oil  and  Resin; 
melt  and  add  lioncy.  Snak  the  paper  in  a  strong  solution 
of  Alum,  then  dry  before  ajjplyiuf^  tlie  above. 

KISS-ME-QLUCK. — Spirits  one  gallon,  Essence  of  Thyme 
one-fourth  ounce,  Essence  of  Orange  Flowers  two  ounces, 
Essence  of  Neroli  one-half  ounce,  Otto  of  Roses  thirty  drops, 
Essence  of  Jasmine  one  ounce,  Essence  of  Balm  Mint  one- 
half  ounce,  Petals  of  Roses  four  ounces.  Oil  of  Lemon 
twenty  drops,  Calorous  Aromaticus  one-half  ounce,  Essence 
Neroli  one-fourth  ounce.     Mix  and  strain. 

HOW  TO  TEST  THE  RICHNESS  OF  MILK.— Pro- 
cure any  long  glass  vessel — a  cologne  bottle  or  long  phial. 
Take  a  narrow  strip  of  paper,  just  the  length  from  the  neck 
to  the  bottom  of  the  phial,  and  mark  it  off  with  100  lines  at 
equal  distances,  or  into  fifty  lines,  and  count  each  as  two, 
and  paste  upon  the  phial  so  as  to  divide  its  length  into  100 
equal  parts.  Fill  it  to  the  highest  mark  with  milk  fresh 
from  the  cow,  and  allow  it  to  stand  in  a  perpendicular  posi- 
tion 24  hours.  The  number  of  spaces  occupied  by  the  cream 
will  give  you  its  exact  percentage  in  the  milk  without  any 
guess  work. 

FINE  PEPPERMINT  LOZENGES.  — Best  powdered 
White  Sugar  seven  pounds,  pure  Starch  one  pound.  Oil  of 
Peppermint  to  flavor.     Mix  with  Mucilage. 

HOW  TO  FASTEN  RUBBER  TO  W^OOD  AND 
METAL. — As  rubber  plates  and  rings  are  now-a-days  used 
almost  exclusively  for  making  connections  between  steam 
and  other  pipes  and  apparatus,  much  annoyance  is  often 
experienced  by  the  impossibility  or  imperfection  of  an  air- 
tight connection.  This  is  obviated  entirely  by  employing  a 
cement  which  fastens  alike  well  to  the  rubber  and  to  the 
metal  or  wood.  Such  cement  is  prepared  by  a  solution  of 
Shellac  in  Ammonia.  This  is  best  made  by  soaking  pulver- 
ized Gum  Shellac  in  ten  times  its  weight  of  strong  Ammonia, 
when  a  slimy  mass  is  obtained,  which  in  three  or  four  weeks 
will  become  liquid  without  the  use  of  hot  w-^ter.  This  soft- 
ens the  rubber  and  becomes,  after  volatiliz^'^ion  of  the  Am- 
monia, hard  and  impermeable  to  gases  and  fluids. 


72  ONE   THOUSAND   SECRETS   REVEALED. 

TO  TRANSFER  PRINTED  MATTER  AND  PRINT 
FROM  IT  AGAIN. — Take  your  picture  or  print  and  soak 
it  for  a  short  time  in  a  weak  solution  of  Caustic  Potash,  then 
remove  it  carefully,  and  let  it  dry  on  a  sheet  of  clean  paper. 
Then  take  a  piece  of  copper,  zinc,  or  steel,  which  has  pre- 
viously been  well  cleaned,  and  dip  it  into  hot  white  wax. 
Let  the  first  coat  set  then  dip  again.  Having  got  the  plate 
thoroughly  coated  and  set,  lay  the  matter  to  be  transferred 
on  the  plate,  and  rub  it  gently  all  over  on  the  back;  now 
raise  it  up,  and  it  will  be  transferred  on  to  the  wax  on  the 
plate.  Now  take  needles  of  a  different  thickness,  and  scrawl 
all  over  the  wax,  following  the  lines  of  the  engraving.  Hav- 
ing got  the  picture  all  traced  out,  pour  upon  it  some  weak 
acid  if  you  use  zinc,  which  is  too  soft  to  print  many  from, 
therefore  it  is  better  to  use  copper  or  steel.  If  you  use  cop- 
per, make  the  following  solution  to  pour  over  it:  Verdigris 
four  parts.  Salt  four  parts,  Sal  Ammoniac  four  parts.  Alum 
one  part,  Water  sixteen  parts.  Sour  Vinegar  twelve  parts. 
Dissolve  by  heat.  For  steel,  use  Pyroligneous  Acid  five 
parts.  Alcohol  one  part.  Nitric  Acid  one  part.  Mix  the  first 
two,  then  add  the  Nitric  Acid.  Pouring  the  preparations 
over  the  plates  where  the  traces  of  the  pictures  are,  it  will 
eat  into  the  metal  plate  without  affecting  the  wax.  Let  it 
stand  till  it  has  eaten  a  sufficient  depth,  then  wash  the  plate 
with  cold  water,  dry  it  and  place  it  near  the  fire  till  all  the 
wax  is  melted  off.  You  can  now  print  as  many  as  you  please 
from  the  plate  by  rubbing  on  it  printer's  ink,  so  as  to  fill  all 
the  fine  spaces;  which,  when  done,  wipe  it  over  smoothly 
with  clean  cloths  to  remove  the  superfluous  ink  which  is-on 
the  face  of  the  plate.  Now  take  damp  paper  or  cardboard, 
and  press  it  on  the  plate,  either  with  a  copying  press  or  the 
hand,  and  you  get  a  fine  impression,  or  as  many  as  you  want 
by  repeating  the  inking  process.  I  would  recommend  be- 
ginners to  try  their  skill  with  valueless  prints  before  attempt- 
ing to  make  transfers  of  fine  engravings,  as  the  jjicture  to  be 
transferred  is  destroyed  by  the  process. 

I.  X.  L.  BAKING  POWDER.— Take  one  pound  Tar- 
taric Acid  in  Crystals,  one  and  one-half  pounds  Bi-Carbonate 


MISCELLANEOUS  DEPARTMENT.  73 

of  Soda,  and  one  and  one-half  pounds  of  potato  starch.  Each 
must  be  powdered  separately,  well  dried  by  a  slow  heat,  well 
mixed  through  a  sieve.  Pack  hard  in  tinfoil,  tin  or  paper 
glazed  on  the  outside.  The  Tartaric  Acid  and  Bi-Carbonate 
of  Soda  can  of  course  be  bought  cheaper  of  wholesale  drug- 
gists than  you  can  make  them,  unless  you  are  doing  things 
on  a  large  scale,  but  Potato  Starch  any  one  can  make.  It  is 
only  necessary  to  peel  the  potatoes  and  to  grate  them  up 
fine  into  vessels  of  water,  to  let  them  settle,  pour  ofif  the 
water,  and  make  the  settlings  into  balls,  and  to  dry  them 
With  these  directions  anyone  can  make  as  good  a  baking 
powder  as  is  sold  anywhere.  If  he  wants  to  make  it  very 
cheap,  he  can  take  Cream  of  Tartar  and  common  Washing 
(Carbonate) Soda, instead  of  the  articles  named  in  the  recipe, 
but  this  would  be  advisable  only  where  customers  insist  on 
excessively  low  prices  in  preference  to  quality  of  goods. 

EVERLASTING  FENCE  POSTS.— I  discovered  many 
years  ago  that  wood  could  be  made  to  last  longer  than  iron 
in  the  ground,  but  thought  the  process  so  simple  and  inex- 
pensive that  it  was  not  worth  while  to  make  any  stir  about 
it.  I  would  as  soon  have  poplar,  basswood,  or  quaking  ash 
as  any  other  kind  of  timber  for  fence  posts.  I  have  taken 
out  basswood  posts  after  having  been  set  seven  years,  which 
were  as  sound  when  taken  out  as  when  they  were  first  put 
in  the  ground.  Time  and  weather  seem  to  have  no  effect 
on  them.  The  posts  can  be  prepared  for  less  than  two  cents 
apiece.  This  is  the  recipe:  Take  boiled  Linseed  Oil  and 
stir  it  in  pulverized  Charcoal  to  the  consistency  of  paint. 
Put  a  coat  of  this  over  the  timber,  and  there  is  not  a  man 
that  will  live  to  see  it  rot. 

LIQUID  GLUE.— To  one  ounce  of  Borax  in  one  pint  of 
boiling  water,  add  two  ounces  of  Shellac,  and  boil  until  the 
Shellac  is  dissolved. 

TO  MEND  TINWARE  BY  THE  HEAT  OF  A  CAN- 
DLE.—Take  a  phial  about  two-thirds  full  of  Muriatic  Acid 
and  put  into  it  little  bits  of  Sheet  Zinc  as  long  as  it  dissolves 
them;  the''  put  in  a  crumb  of  Sal  Ammoniac  and  fill  up  with 


74  ONE  THOUSAND    SECRETS   REVEALED. 

water  and  it  is  ready  to  use.  Then  with  the  cork  of  the 
phial,  wet  the  place  to  be  mended  with  the  preparation; 
then  put  a  piece  of  Zinc  over  the  hole  and  hold  a  lighted 
candle  or  spirit  lamp  under  the  place,  which  melts  the  solder 
on  the  tin,  and  causes  the  zinc  to  adhere  without  further 
trouble.  Wet  the  zinc  also  with  the  solution;  or  a  littl« 
solder  may  be  put  on  instead  of  the  zinc  or  with  the  zinc. 

TO  WHITEN  AND  SOFTEN  THE  HANDS.— Take 
one-half  lb.  IMutton  Tallow,  one  ounce  Camphor  Gum,  one 
ounce  Glycerine;  melt,  and  when  thoroughly  mixed,  set 
away  to  cool.     Rub  the  hands  with  this  every  night. 

A  BRANDING  INK.— A  waterproof  branding  ink,  good 
for  marking  sheep:  Shellac  two  ounces.  Borax  two  ounces. 
Water  twenty-four  ounces.  Gum  Arabic  two  ounces,  Lamp 
Black  sufficient.  Boil  the  Borax  and  Shellac  in  the  water 
till  they  are  dissolved,  and  withdraw  them  from  the  fire. 
When  the  solution  becomes  cold,  complete  25  ounces  with 
water,  and  add  Lamp  Black  enough  to  bring  the  preparation 
to  a  suitable  consistency.  When  it  is  to  be  used  with  a 
stencil  it  must  be  made  thicker  than  when  it  is  used  with  a 
brush.  The  above  gives  black  ink.  For  red  ink  substitute 
Venetian  Red  for  Lamp  Black;  for  blue  Ultramarine;  and 
for  green  a  mixture  of  Ultramarine  and  Chrome  Yellow. 

FRENCH  POLISH  orDRESSING  FORLEATHER.— 
Mix  two  pints  best  Vinegar  with  one  pint  soft  water.  Stir 
into  it  one-fourth  pound  Glue,  broken  up,  one-half  pound 
Logwood  chips,  one-fourth  ounce  finely  powdered  Indigo, 
one-fourth  ounce  best  soft  Soap,  and  one-fourth  Isinglass. 
Put  the  mixture  over  the  fire,  and  let  it  boil  ten  minutes  or 
more;  then  strain,  bottle  and  cork.  When  cold  it  is  fit  for 
use.     Apply  with  a  sponge. 

NEW  YORK  BARBER'S  STAR  HAIR  OIL.— Castor 
Oil  six  and  one-half  pints.  Alcohol  one  and  one-half  pints, 
CIi.ronella  and  Lavender  Oil,  each  one-half  ounce. 

BARBER'S  SHAMPOOING  MIXTURE.  — Soft  Water 
one  pint,  Sal  Soda  one  ounce.  Cream  Tartar  one-fourt^ 
ouuv-t.     Apply  thoroughly  to  the  hair. 


MISCF.LLANEOUS  DEPARTMENT  75 

CRUCIBLES.— The  best  crucibles  are  hmc'c  ol  a  ixire 
fire  clay,  mixed  with  finely  ground  cement  of  o'.:1  crucibles, 
and  a  portion  of  lilack  lead  or  graphite;  some  pounded  coke 
may  be  mixed  with  the  plumbago.  The  clay  should  be  pre- 
pared in  a  similar  way  as  for  making  pottery  ware.  The 
vessels,  after  being  formed,  must  be  slowly  dried,  and  then 
properly  baked  in  a  kiln. 

Black  Lead  Crucibles  are  made  of  two  parts  of  Graphite 
and  one  of  Eire  Clay,  mixed  with  Water  into  a  paste,  pressed 
in  moulds,  and  well  dried,  but  not  baked  hard  in  the  kiln. 
This  compound  forms  excellent  small  or  pf)rtable  furnaces. 

WHAT  TO  INVENT.—Cheap,  useful  articles  that  will 
sell  at  sight.  Something  that  everyone  needs,  and  the 
poorest  can  afford.  Invent  simple  things  for  the  benefit  of 
the  masses,  and  your  fortune  is  made.  Some  years  back  a 
one-armed  soldier  amassed  a  fortune  from  a  single  toy — a 
wooden  ball  attached  to  a  rubber  string.  They  cost  scarcely 
anything,  yet  millions  were  sold  at  a  good  price.  A  German 
became  enormously  rich  by  patenting  a  simple  wooden  plug 
for  beer  barrels.     "  What  man  has  done,  man  can  do." 

HOW  TO  PROTECT  YOUR  INVENTION.  —  Patent 
it.  If  you  do  not,  others  will  reap  the  benefits  that  right- 
fully bel(5ng  to  you. 

A  PATENT  IS  A  PROTECTION  given  to  secure  the 
inventor  in  the  profits  arising  from  the  manufacture  and 
sale  of  an  article  of  his  own  creation. 

TO  WHOM  LETTERS  PATENT  ARE  GRANTED.— 
Section  4886  of  the  Revised  Statutes  of  the  United  States 
provides  that :  "Any  person  who  has  invented  or  discovered 
any  new  and  useful  art,  machine,  manufacture  or  composi- 
tion of  matter,  or  any  new  and  useful  improvement  thereof, 
not  known  or  used  by  others  in  this  country,  and  not  paten- 
ted or  described  in  any  printed  publication  in  this  or  any 
foreign  country,  before  his  invention  or  discovery  thereof, 
and  not  in  public  use,  or  on  sale  for  more  than  two  years 
prior  to  his  application,  unless  the  same  is  proved  to  have 
been  abandoned,  may,  upon  the  payment  of  the  fees  required 


76  ONE   THOUSAND   SECRETS    REVEALED. 

by   law,   and   other  due  proceedings  had,  obtain  a  patent 
therefor." 

And  section  4888  of  the  same  Statute  enacts  : 

"  Section  4888.  Before  any  inventor  or  discoverer  shall 
receive  a  patent  for  his  invention  or  discovery,  he  shalL 
make  application  therefor,  in  waiting,  to  the  Commissioner 
of  Patents,  and  shall  tile  in  the  Patent  Office  a  written  des- 
cription of  the  same,  and  of  the  manner  and  process  of  mak- 
ing, constructing,  compounding,  and  using  it,  in  such  full, 
clear,  concise  and  exact  terms,  as  to  enable  any  person 
skilled  in  the  art  or  science  to  which  it  appertains,  or  with 
which  it  is  most  nearly  connected,  to  make,  construct,  com- 
pound, and  use  the  same  ;  and  in  case  of  a  machine,  he  shall 
explain  the  principle  thereof  and  the  best  mode  in  which  he 
has  contemplated  applying  that  principle,  so  as  to  distin- 
guish it  from  other  inventions  ;  and  he  shall  particularly 
point  out  and  distinctly  claim  that  part,  improvement  or 
combination  which  he  claims  as  his  invention  or  discovery. 
The  specification  and  claim  shall  be  signed  by  the  inventor, 
and  attested  by  two  witnesses." 

It  is  also  required  by  law  that  when  "  The  case  admits  of 
drawings,"  it  shall  be  properly  illustrated  ;  and  also,  if  the 
Commissioner  requires  it,  that  a  model  shall  be  furnished  in 
cases  capable  of  such  demonstration. 

The  cost  of  obtaining  Letters  Patent  in  ordinary  cases  is  : 
First,  Government  fees,  $15  ;  counsel  fees,  including  draw- 
ings, $25  ;  second,  or  final  Government  fees,  to  be  paid 
within  six  months  from  date  of  allowance,  $20  ;  total,  $60. 

DESIGNS. — A  design  patent  can  be  obtained  for  novel- 
ties in  the  shape  or  configuration  of  articles,  or  impressions 
by  any  means  whatever.  These  patents  are  of  great  value 
to  the  trade. 

The  Government  fees  for  a  design  patent  are  : 

On  filing  every  application  for  a  design  patent $10.00 

On  issuing  a  design  patent  for  3)4  years  no  further 
charge. 

On  issuing  a  design  patent  for  7  years 5.00 

On  issuing  a  design  patent  'or  14  years 20.00 


MISCELLANEOUS  DEPARTMENT.  1\ 

CAVEATS. — A  caveat  is  a  confidential  communication 
filed  in  the  Patent  Office,  and  it  consists  of  a  specification, 
drawings,  oath  and  petition.  The  specification  must  contain 
a  clear  description  of  the  intended  invention. 

HOW  A  COPYRIGHT  IS  SECURED. —The  method 
by  which  a  copyright  is  obtained  under  the  revised 
acts  of  Congress  is  as  simple  and  inexpensive  as  can 
be  reasonably  asked.  All  unnecessary  red  tape  is  dis- 
pensed with,  and  the  cost  to  the  author  who  is  seeking 
thus  to  protect  himself  in  the  enjoyment  of  the  profits 
of  his  work,  is  so  small  as  to  be  scarcely  appreciable. 
This  is  an  example  of  cheapness  and  directness  toward 
which  all  branches  of  public  administration  should  tend,  if 
a  government  is  to  fulfill  its  proper  mission  of  serving  the 
people  without  needlessly  taxing  them.  Directions  have 
lately  been  issued  for  the  guidance  of  persons  wishing  to 
obtain  copyrights  ;  and,  as  many  of  our  readers  may  not  be 
conversant  with  the  subject,  we  give  a  brief  abstract  of  the 
process. 

The  first  thing  necessary  is  to  send  a  printed  copy  of  the 
title  of  the  work,  plainly  directed  to  "  Librarian  of  Congress, 
Washington,  D.  C."  The  copyright  law  applies  not  only  to 
books,  pamjjhlcts  and  newspapers,  but  also  to  maps,  charts, 
photographs,  paintings,  drawings,  music,  statuary,  etc.  If 
there  is  a  title  page,  send  that ;  if  not,  a  title  must  be  printed 
expressly  for  the  purpose,  and  in  both  cases  the  name  of  the 
author  or  claimant  of  copyright  must  accompany  the  title. 
Use  no  smaller  paper  than  commercial  note. 

A  remittance  of  one  dollar  must  be  made  along  with  the 
application.  This  is  the  whole  charge — half  of  it  being  for 
the  entry  on  the  record,  and  the  other  half  for  your  certifi- 
cate, which  the  Librarian  will  send  you  promptly  by  mail. 
You  will  of  course  prepay  your  postage. 

Within  ten  days  after  your  book,  or  other  article,  is  pub' 
lished,  you  are  recjuircd  to  send  two  complete  copies  of  the 
best  edition  to  the  Librarian,  addressed  as  before,  prepaying 
postage ;  or  the   Librarian   will  furnish  "  penalty  labels," 


?8  ONE  THOUSAND   SECRETS  REVEALED. 

under  which  they  can  be  sent  free  of  postage.  If  this 
deposit  of  copies  is  neglected,  the  copyright  is  void,  and  you 
are  liable  to  a  fine  of  $25. 

The  law  requires  that  on  the  title  page  of  a  copyrighted 
work,  or  some  part  of  the  drawing,  painting,  statue,  or  what- 
ever it  may  be,  there  shall  be  printed  these  words  :  "  En- 
tered according  to  act  of  Congress,  in  the  year ,  by -, 

in  the  office  of  the  Librarian  of  Congress,  at  Washington  ;" 
or,  if  preferred,  this  briefer  form  may  be  used  :  "  Copy- 
right,  18— ,  by ,"     To  this   may  be   added,  "Right  of 

translation  reserved,"  or  "  All  rights  reserved  ;"  but  in  that 
case  the  Librarian  must  have  been  duly  notified,  so  that  he 
may  include  it  in  the  record. 

Any  person  who  prints  the  copyright  notice  on  his  work 
without  having  obtained  a  copyright,  is  liable  to  a  penalty 
of  $L00.  The  original  term  of  a  copyright  runs  for  twenty- 
eight  years,  and  it  may  then  be  renewed  for  a  further  term 
of  fourteen  years,  either  by  the  author  or  by  his  widow  or 
children,  application  being  made  not  less  than  six  months 
before  the  expiration  of  the  right.  Trade  marks  and  labels 
cannot  be  copyrighted  under  this  law,  but  are  provided  for 
by  a  separate  act,  relating  to  matters  of  detail,  which  can- 
not here  be  recited,  but  in  regard  to  which,  the  Librarian  at 
Washington  will  give  the  needed  information  whenever 
required. 

TRADE  MARKS,  LABELS,  PRINTS,  ETC.  —  Copy- 
rights cannot  be  granted  upon  trade  marks,  nor  upon  mere 
names  of  companies  or  articles,  nor  upon  prints  or  labels 
intended  to  he  used  with  any  article  of  manufacture.  If 
protection  for  such  names  or  labels  is  desired,  application 
must  be  made  to  the  Patent  Office,  where  they  are  regis- 
tered at  a  fee  of  $<>  for  labels,  and  $25  for  trade  marks. 

By  the  word  "label"  is  meant  a  slip  of  paper,  or  other 
material,  to  be  attached  to  manufactured  articles,  or  to  pack- 
ages containing  them,  and  bearing  the  name  of  the  manu- 
facturer, directions  for  use,  etc. 

By  the  word  "  print  "  is  meant  any  device,  word,  or  figures 
(not  a  trade  mark)  impressed  directly  upon  the  article,  to 
denote  the  name  of  the  manufacturer,  etc. 


MISCELLANEOUS  DEPARTMENT. 


n 


WATER  ICES. —  Some  make  these  with  acid,  water, 
flavor,  and  the  whites  of  eggs.     No  good. 

The  best  rules  for  the  amount  of  sugar  is  to  suit  your 
taste. 

FRANGIPANNI.— Spirits  one  gallon,  Oil  Bergamot  one 
ounce.  Oil  of  Lemon  one  ounce;  macerate  for  four  days, 
frequently  shaking  ;  then  add  Water  one  gallon.  Orange 
Flower  Water  one  pint,  Essence  of  Vanilla  two  ounces. 
Mix. 

SILVERING  POWDER.— Nitrate  of  Silverand  common 
Salt,  of  each  thirty  grains,  Cream  of  Tartar  three  and  one- 
half  drachms.  Pulverize  finely,  mix  thoroughly,  and  bottle 
for  use.     Unequaled  for  polishing  copper  and  plated  goods. 

EXTRACT  OF  LEMON.— Three  ounces  Oil  Lemon  ; 
cut  with  95  proof  Alcohol  ;  add  one  gallon  80  proof  Alcohol, 
and  filter  through  cotton  or  felt.  Put  up  in  two  ounce 
bottles.  Sells  for  25  cents  ;  jobs  at  $1.00  and  §1.50.  accord- 
ing to  quality  and  style  of  package. 

BALM  OF  A  THOUSAND  FLOWERS.  — Deodorized 
Alcohol  one  pint,  nice  white  Bar  Soap  four  ounces  ;  shave 
the  soap  when  put  in,  stand  in  a  warm  place  till  dissolved, 
then  add  Oil  of  Citronella  one  drachm,  and  Oils  of  Neroli 
and  Rosemary,  of  each  one-half  drachm. 

TIN  CANS.— Size  of  sheet  for  from  1  to  100  gallons  : 


r  1  gallon. . 

..  7  by  20  ins. 

25  gallons. . 

..30  by  56  ins 

B'A  "      . 

. .  10  by  28  " 

40      " 

..36  by  63    " 

5      "      . 

. .  12  by  40  " 

50      " 

..40  by  70    " 

6      "      . 

..14  by  40  " 

75      " 

..40  by  84    " 

10      "      . 

..20  by  42  " 

100      " 

..40  by  98    " 

15      "      . 

..30  by  42  " 

This  includes  all  laps,  seams,  etc.,  which  will  be  found 
sufficiently  correct  for  all  practical  purposes. 

MOULDS  AND  DIES.  —  Copper,  Zinc  and  Silver  in 
equal  proportions,  melt  together  under  a  coat  of  powdered 
charcoal,  and  mould  into  the  form  you  desire.  Bring  them 
to  nearly  a  white  heat,  and  lay  on  the  thing  you  would  take 


80  ONE   THOUSAND   SECRETS   REVEALED, 

an  impression  of,  press  with  sufficient  force,  and  you  will 
get  a  perfect  and  beautiful  impression. 

INDESTRUCTIBLE  LAMP  WICKS.— Steep  common 
wicks  in  a  concentrated  aqueous  solution  of  Tungstate  of 
Soda,  and  then  dry  thoroughly  in  an  oven. 

A  GOLD  PLATE  FOR  SMALL  ARTICLES,  WITH- 
OUT A  BATTERY.— Digest  a  small  fragment  of  gold  with 
about  ten  times  its  weight  of  mercury  until  it  is  dissolved, 
shake  the  amalgam  together  in  a  bottle,  and  after  cleansing 
the  articles,  coat  them  uniformly  with  the  amalgam.  Then 
expose  them  on  an  iron  tray  heated  to  low  redness  for  a  few 
minutes.  The  mercury  volatilizes,  leaving  the  gold  attached 
as  a  thin  coating  to  the  article.  The  heating  should  be  done 
in  a  stove,  so  that  the  poisonous  mercurial  fumes  may  pass 
up  the  chimney. 

A  GELATINE  MOULD  FOR  CASTING  PLASTER 
ORNAMENTS. — Allow  twelve  ounces  of  Gelatine  to  soak 
for  a  few  hours  in  water,  until  it  has  absorbed  as  much  as  it 
can,  then  apply  heat,  by  which  it  will  liquify.  If  the  mould 
is  required  to  be  elastic,  add  three  ounces  of  Treacle,  and 
mix  well  with  the  Gelatine.  If  a  little  Chrome  Alum  (pre- 
cise proportions  are  immaterial)  be  added  to  the  Gelatine,  it 
causes  it  to  lose  its  property  of  being  again  dissolved  in 
water.  A  saturated  solution  of  Bichromate  of  Potash 
brushed  over  the  surface  of  the  mould,  allowed  to  become 
dry  and  afterwards  exposed  to  sunlight  for  a  few  minutes, 
renders  the  surface  so  hard  as  to  be  unaffected  by  moisture. 

IMITATION  OF  GROUND  GLASS.— The  following  is 
from  an  Antwerp  scientific  journal.  Paint  the  glass  with  the 
following  varnishes  :  Sandarac  eighteen  drachms,  Mastic 
four  drachms,  Ether  twenty-four  ounces.  Benzine  six  to  eigh- 
teen ounces.  The  more  Benzine  the  coarser  the  grain  of 
imitation  glass  will  be. 

UNSHRINKABLE  PATTERNS.— The  best  mixture  for 
small  patterns,  that  does  not  shrink  in  casting,  is  sixty-nine 
parts  Lead,  fifteen  and  one-half  parts  Antimony,  fifteen  and 
one-half  parts  Bismuth,  by  weight.    A  cheap  kind  for  fin- 


MISCELLANEOUS  DEPARTMENT.  81 

ished  patterns  can  be   made   of  ten   parts  Zinc,  one   part 
Antimony,  one  part  Tin. 

TO  MAKE  ARTIFICIAL  MARBLE  FOR  PAPER 
WEIGHTS  OR  OTHER  FANCY  ARTICLES.  — Soak 
Plaster  of  Paris  in  a  solution  of  Alum,  bake  it  in  an  event 
and  then  grind  it  to  a  powder.  In  using,  mix  it  with  water, 
and  to  produce  the  clouds  and  veins  stir  in  any  dry  color 
you  wish  ;  this  will  become  very  hard,  and  is  susceptible  of 
a  very  high  polish. 

MOULDS  OF  GLUE  AND  MOLASSES,  SUCH  AS 
RODGERS  USES  FOR  MAKING  HIS  STATUETTES. 
— The  flexible  moulds  referred  to  are  prepared  as  follows  : 
Glue  eight  pounds.  Molasses  (New  Orleans)  seven  pounds. 
Soak  the  Glue  over  night  in  a  small  quantity  of  cold  water, 
then  melt  it  by  heat  over  a  salt  water  bath,  stir  until  froth 
begins  to  rise,  then  add  and  stir  in  briskly  the  Molasses  pre- 
viously heated.  Continue  to  heat  and  stir  the  mixture  for 
about  half  an  hour  ;  then  pour. 

TO  CLARIFY  LIQUIDS.— The  following  composition 
is  said  to  bleach  all  colored  liquids,  and  to  render  bone-black 
perfectly  unnecessary  :  Albumen  three  hundred.  Neutral 
Tartrate  of  Potash  two,  Alum  five,  Sal  Ammoniac  seven 
hundred  parts.  The  Albumen  must  of  course  not  be  coagu- 
lated. The  ingredients  are  first  dissolved  in  a  little  water 
and  then  added  to  the  liquid  to  be  clarified. 

TO  PREVENT  STORE  WINDOWS  FROM  STEAM- 
ING.— J.  F.  writes  :  I  am  about  to  have  the  front  show  win- 
dows of  my  store  inclosed  with  inside  windows.  Can  you 
tell  any  way  to  prevent  the  outside  windows  frosting  in  cold 
weather?  A.  Clean  the  glass  occasionally  with  a  cloth 
moistened  with  pure  Glycerine,  wiping  it  so  as  to  leave  only 
a  trace  of  the  Glycerine  adhering  to  the  surface — this  on  the 
inside. 

ARTIFICIAL  INDIA  RUBBER.— A  cheap  and  useful 
substitute  for  India  rubber  is  prepared  by  mixing  a  thick 
solution  of  Glue  with  Tungstate  of  Soda  and  Hydrochloric 
Acid.    A  compound  of  Tungstic  Acid  and  Glue  is  precipi- 


82  ONE  THOUSAND  SECRETS   REVEALED. 

tated,  which  at  a  temperature  of  86  degrees  to  104  degrees 
F.  is  sufficiently  elastic  to  admit  of  being  drawn  out  into 
very  thin  sheets.  On  cooling  this  mass  becomes  solid  and 
brittle,  but  on  being  heated  is  again  soft  and  plastic.  This 
new  compound  can  be  used  for  many  of  the  purposes  to 
which  rubber  is  adapted. 

RUBBER  STAMPS  FOR  PHOTOGRAPHS.  — Many 
photographers  employ  a  rubber  stamp  for  imprinting  the 
backs  of  mounts,  and  in  these  circumstances  a  good  ink  is 
very  essential.  Here  is  the  recipe  for  making  one  quoted 
from  the  Engineer,  and  said  to  yield  an  excellent  ink  which, 
while  not  drying  on  the  pad,  will  yet  not  readily  smear  when 
impressed  upon  paper  :  Aniline  Red  (Violet)  one  hundred 
and  eighty  grains,  distilled  Water  two  ounces.  Glycerine 
one  teaspoonful  Treacle  one-half  teaspoonful.  The  crystals 
of  Aniline  are  powdered  and  dissolved  in  the  boiling  dis- 
tilled water,  and  the  other  ingredients  then  added. 

A  GOOD  IDEA. — How  to  Remove  Pain  Mid  Soreness 
from  Wounds.  The  value  of  the  smoke  from  burned  wool 
to  remove  the  pain  and  soreness  from  wounds  of  all  kinds, 
or  from  sores,  is  great,  and  it  will  give  immediate  relief 
from  the  intense  pain  caused  by  a  gathering.  The  easiest 
way  to  prepare  this  is  to  cut  all-wool  flannel — if  you  haven't 
the  wool — into  narrow  strips,  take  some  hot  ashes  with  a  few 
small  live  coals  on  a  shovel,  sprinkle  some  of  the  flannel 
strips  on  it,  and  hold  the  injured  member  in  the  smoke  for 
five  or  ten  minutes,  using  plenty  of  flannel  to  make  a  thick 
smoke.  Repeat  as  often  as  seems  necessary,  though  one 
smoking  is  usually  enough. 

CHILBLAINS.— We  glean  these  two  prescriptions  from 
the  British  Medical  Jom-nal.  They  are  now  being  used  in 
this  country,  and  with  good  results.  Lin.  belladonnse  two 
drachms,  Lin.  aconita  one  drachm,  Acidi  carbolici  six  min- 
ims, Collod.  flexil  one  ounce. 

Mix  and  apply  every  night  with  a  camel's  hair  pencil. 
Collod.  flexil  four  drachms,  Oleiricini  four  drachms,  Spt. 
tereb,  four  drachms.  Use  three  times  daily  with  camel's 
hair  brush. 


MISCELLANEOUS    DEPARTMENT.  83 

SAID  TO  BE  GOOD  FOR  GRIP.— Anything  that 
affords  hope  of  relief  from  the  Grip  is  of  interest.  Pauline 
Crayson  writes  from  Cranford,  N.  J.,  to  New  York  Tribune 
saying:  "I  have  found  peroxide  of  hydrogen  (medicinal) 
a  marvelous  remedy  in  the  treatment  of  grip  and  influenza. 
This  medicine  should  be  diluted  with  water  and  adminis- 
tered internally,  and  by  snuffing  through  the  nostrils  or  by 
spraying  the  nostrils  and  throat.  I  believe  the  good  results 
from  this  treatment,  which  I  have  never  known  to  fail  of 
producing  a  speedy  cure,  are  due  to  the  destruction  of  the 
microbe  upon  which  this  disease  depends."  The  remedy  is 
simple  and  within  the  reach  of  everybody,  and  can  easily  be 
tested. 

STICKS  LIKE  A  BROTHER.— A  paste  that  will  adhere 
to  anything. — Prof.  Alex.  Winchell  is  credited  with  the 
invention  of  a  cement  that  will  sticl<  to  anything  {Nat.  Druij.) 
Take  two  ounces  of  clear  gum  arable,  one  and  one-half 
ounces  of  fine  starch  and  one-half  ounce  of  white  sugar. 
Pulverize  the  gum  arable,  and  dissolve  it  in  as  much  water 
as  the  laundress  would  use  for  the  quality  of  starch  indi- 
cated. Dissolve  the  starch  and  sugar  in  the  gum  solution. 
Then  cook  the  mixture  in  a  vessel  suspended  in  boiling 
water  until  the  starch  becomes  clear.  The  cement  should 
be  as  thick  as  tar  and  kept  so.  It  can  be  kept  from  spoiling 
by  dropping  in  a  lump  of  gum  camphor,  or  a  little  oil  of 
cloves  or  sassafras.  This  cement  is  very  strong  indeed,  and 
will  stick  perfectly  to  glazed  surfaces,  and  is  good  to  repair 
broken  rocks,  minerals  or  fossils.  The  addition  of  a  small 
amount  of  sulphate  of  aluminum  will  increase  the  effective- 
ness of  the  paste,  besides  helping  to  prevent  decomposition. 

MOLASSES  TAFFY  — New  Orleans  molasses,  one  pint ; 
C  sugar,  one  and  one-half  pounds  ;  water,  one-half  pint 
(no  doctor).  Stir  all  the  time  to  a  good  light  snap.  Lemon 
flavor.    Work  as  above. 

CREAM  TAFFY.— Same  as  above.  When  to  the  ball 
degree  have  ready  half  cup  cidar  vinegar,  one-fourth  pipe 
cream  tartar  dissolve  in  the  vinegar,  four  ounces  butter. 
Add,  stir, -and  work  as  you  do  the  white  taffy. 


S4  ONE  THOUSAND    SECRETS  REVEALED. 

NUT  TAFFY.— Use  the  cream  taffy  recipe.  Just  before 
the  canJy  is  done  cooking  stir  in  any  kind  of  nut  goodies, 
pour  out,  and  when  cool  enough  not  to  run,  form  it  into  a 
block,  cut  or  break  it  with  a  hammer, 

GOOD  BROWN  BUTTER-SCOTCH.— C  sugar,  three 
pounds  ;  water,  one  and  one-fourth  pint ;  cream  tartar, 
one  full  pipe  dissolved  in  one  cup  cider  vinegar  ;  molasses, 
one-half  pint;  butter,  eight  ounces  (no  flavor).  Add  all 
except  the  vinegar,  cream  tartar,  and  butter.  Boil  to 
medium  ball,  then  add  the  cream  tartar  in  the  vinegar  and 
butter.  Stir  all  the  time  carefully.  Boil  to  light  snap  tin- 
ish  as  before  in  cheap  butter-scotch. 

SOUR  LEMON  DROPS.— Make  a  batch  of  barely 
squares.  Just  as  soon  as  you  pour  it  on  the  slab  sprinklfc 
over  11  three-fourths  ounce  dry  tartaric  acid,  two  tablespootis 
lemon  flavor ;  turn  the  cold  edges  in  to  the  center  of  the 
batch,  work  it  like  bread  dough  ;  place  this  before  a  hoC 
stove  on  your  table  and  cut  into  little  pieces  with  your  scis- 
sors,  or  run  the  batch  through  a  drop  machine. 

All  goods  that  you  want  to  spin  out  or  run  through  ». 
machine  or  cut  with  scissors  should  be  kept  warm  by  s 
sheet,  iron  stove,  on  a  brick  foundation,  fitted  in  the  table 
evenly,  and  the  candy  placed  in  front  to  keep  warm. 

Should  the  candy  slab,  after  it  is  greased,  act  sticky,  not 
allowing  the  candy  to  come  up  freely,  throw  a  dust  of  flour 
over  the  sticky  place  after  it  has  been  greased. 

STICK  CANDY.— Stick  candy  is  made  precisely  the 
same  as  the  peppermint  clips,  by  keeping  the  batch  round, 
and  a  second  person  to  twist  them  and  keep  them  rolling 
until  cold.  This  can  be  done  only  by  practice.  The  sticks 
are  then  chopped  in  the  desired  length  by  heavy  shears. 

STRAWBERRY.— Same,  only  flavor  with  strawberry; 
color  with  liquid  coloring  lightly. 

MAPLE  CARAMELS.— Use  one-half  maple  sugar  with 
C  sugar.     No  flavor. 

WALNUT  CARAMELS. —Same  as  the  first.  When 
done,  stir  in  sufficient  nuts  to  suit. 


MISCELLANEOUS   DEPARTMENT.  85 

A  better  caramel  can  be  made  with  white  su^ar,  and 
milk  instead  of  water. 

Still  better,  by  using  cream  one  quart,  and  when  cream 
cannot  be  had,  condensed  milk  dissolved  in  milk  works  line. 

ALMOND  BARS.— Same  as  peanut,  only  add  the  Al- 
mond nuts  in  time  to  allow  them  to  roast  a  little  in  the 
boiling  sugar.  One-fourth  of  a  pint  of  New  Orleans  syrup 
added  to  the  boiling  sugar  improves  the  flavor  and  color. 

CHOCOLATE  COATING.— Can  use  sweet  confection- 
ers', or  confectioners'  i)lain  (never  use  the  quarter  and  one- 
pound  grocery  packages,  as  it  contains  too  much  sugar  to 
melt  good).  Place  a  small  piece  of  paraffine  the  size  of  a 
hickory-nut  and  one  small  teaspoon  of  lard  in  a  rice  cooker, 
melt,  add  one-half  pound  of  chocolate,  stir  until  dissolved  ; 
dip  balls  of  cream  in  this  chocolate,  drop  on  wax  paper  to 
cool,  and  you  have  fine  hand  made  chocolate  drops. 

COLD  SUGAR  ICING. —For  dipping  cream  drops. 
Confectioner's  sugar  with  the  white  of  eggs  and  a  small 
amount  of  dissolved  gum  Arabic  in  water.  Make  this  into 
a  batter.  If  thick,  the  drops  will  be  rough  ;  if  thin,  the 
drops  will  be  smooth. 

COCOANUT  CREAM  ICE.— Two  pounds  granulated 
sugar,  three-fourths  pint  water,  boil  to  a  light  crack  ;  setoff, 
add  four  ounces  glucose  (or  the  amount  of  cream  tartar  you 
can  hold  on  the  point  of  a  penknife);  set  back  on  the  fire, 
just  let  come  to  a  boil  to  dissolve  the  glucose  ;  set  off  again, 
add  immediately  one-fourth  ounce  shaved  paraffine,  six 
ounces  cream  dough  cut  up  fine,  one  grated  cocoanut.  Stir 
all  until  it  creams,  pour  out  into  a  frame  on  brown  paper 
dusted  with  flour,  mark  and  cut  with  a  knife  when  cold. 

OPERA  CREAMS. — Two  pounds  white  sugar,  three- 
fourths  pint  cows'  cream,  boil  to  a  soft  ball ;  set  off,  add  two 
ounces  glucose  ;  set  on,  stir  easy  until  it  commences  to  boil, 
then  pour  out,  let  get  three-fourths  cold,  and  stir  it  until  it 
turns  into  a  cream.  Then  work  into  it  two  tablespoons 
vanilla,  line  a  pan  with  wax  paper,  flatten  the  batch  in  it, 
and  mark  it  in  squares.    Set  aside  two  hours  to  harden. 


86  ONE  THOUSAND   SECRETS    REVEALED. 

ITALIAN  CREAM  OPERAS.— Melt  four  ounces  buttei 
with  four  ouuces  plain  chocolate.  Take  a  batch  of  tha 
opera  cream  ;  when  cooked,  add  the  above,  stir  it  in  the  ket- 
tle until  it  creams,  then  pan  and  work  it  as  you  do  the 
operas. 

BUTTER  CREAMS.— One  and  one-half  pounds  white 
sugar,  and  one-half  pound  C  sugar,  three-fourths  pound 
glucose,  one-fourth  pint  molasses,  one  and  one-fourth  pint 
water  ;  boil  to  the  hard  snap,  add  six  ounces  butter,  set  off 
until  it  melts  ;  set  on  and  let  boil,  to  well  mix  the  butter; 
pour  out.  Have  one  pound  hard  cream  dough  thoroughly- 
warmed,  just  so  you  can  handle  it.  When  the  batch  is  cold 
enough  on  the  stove  to  handle,  place  the  warm  cream 
lengthwise  on  the  center  of  it  and  completely  wrap  the 
cream  up  in  it.  Place  this  on  your  table  before  your  heater, 
spin  out  in  long  strips,  have  some  one  to  mark  them  heavy 
or  good.     When  cold,  break  where  marked. 

BOSTON  CHIPS. — Three  pounds  of  white  sugar,  one- 
half  pipe  cream  tartar,  one  and  one-fourth  pints  water  ; 
boil  with  a  lid  over  it  to  the  hard  snap  :  pour  ;  pull  this  only 
half  as  much  as  any  otheV  candy,  for  too  much  pulling  takes 
out  all  the  gloss  when  done ;  flavor  it  on  the  hook  ;  wear 
your  gloves,  place  it  before  your  heater  on  the  table,  flatten 
out  and  spin  out  into  thin  ribbons,  break  off  and  curl  them 
up  in  little  piles. 

Strawberry  chips  can  be  made  the  same  way,  adding  a 
pinch  of  cochineal  paste. 

DATE  OR  FIG  SQUARES.— Can  be  made  by  cutting 
them  fine,  scatter  them  thick  over  the  greased  stone,  and 
pour  over  them  a  batch  of  barley  square  candy.  Mark  and 
cut  with  a  knife. 

PINE  TREE  TAR  COUGH  CANDY.— First  have  one 
tablespoon  oil  of  tar  dissolved  in  two  tablespoons  of  alcohol. 

Cook  to  a  hard  snap  twenty  pounds  sugar  (white),  three 
quarts  water,  three  pounds  glucose  ;  pour  out ;  scatter  over 
(while  cooling)  twenty  drops  of  tar,  two  tablespoons  oil  of 
capsicum,  three  tablespoons  oil  of  wintergreen ;  work  all 
well  into  the  batch  (do  not  pull  this  on  the  hook). 


MISCELLANEOUS    DEPARTMENT.  8T 

Place  before  your  heater  on  the  table  and  spin  it  out  in 
large  round  sticks.  Have  some  one  to  keep  them  rolling 
until  cold.  Cut  into  sticks  about  three  and  one-half  inches 
long.     Wrap  them  in  printed  labels. 

DATE  AND  FIG  CREAMS.— Seed  dates,  cut  a  piece 
out  of  the  end  V  shape,  insert  a  white  or  pink  cream  ball, 
press  it  in,  and  stick  a  clove  in  the  end ;  it  looks  like  a  pear. 

Cut  figs  in  strips,  place  the  seedy  side  around  a  piece  of 
cream  dough.  The  hand  made  cream  can  be  made  into 
various  varieties  of  candy  to  suit  your  fancy. 

FACTORY  CREAM  DOUGH.— This  recipe  is  worth 
twenty-five  dollars  to  any  candy  maker.  When  the  cream 
is  first  done  it  appears  flaky  and  coarse  ;  but  the  next  morn- 
ing it  is  fine,  and  the  longer  it  sets  the  better  it  is.  When 
made  up  it  never  gets  stale  or  hard.  Never  use  flour  to  roll 
out  cream  with  when  you  can  get  the  XXX  lozenge  sugar. 
Forty  pounds  granulated  sugar,  five  quarts  water  ;  boil  to  a 
stiff  ball ;  set  off ;  add  quickly  twelve  pounds  of  glucose. 
Do  not  stir.  Set  on  the  fire,  let  it  come  to  a  boil  until  you 
see  even  the  scum  boiled  in  (do  not  allow  the  glucose  to 
cook  in  the  sugar).  Pour  out,  wait  only  until  you  can  lay 
the  back  of  your  hand  on  the  top  of  batch.  (Never  let  it  get 
colder,  it  is  better  to  cream  while  hot  than  cold  like  other 
goods).  Cream  it  with  two  garden  hoes,  or  cream  scrapers. 
Add  while  creaming  one-fourth  pint  scant  measure  of  gly- 
cerine. No  need  of  kneading  it,  scrape  into  your  tub  for 
use.     (If  A  sugar  is  used  the  cream  is  sticky). 

IMITATION  HAND-MADE  CHOCOLATE.— Take  a 
suitable  hand  made.  Make  j'our  plaster  paris  prints.  Take 
a  quantity  of  the  above  cream,  melt  in  a  bath,  flavor  and 
mould.    Dip. 

A  NUMBER  ONE  CHOCOLATE  DROP.  — Moulding 
cream ;  granulated  sugar,  twenty  pounds ;  water,  three 
quarts.  Boiled  to  a  thread,  set  off,  add  three  pounds  of 
glucose  dissolved  ;  pour,  let  get  cold.  Cream,  melt,  add 
pinch  of  glucose  to  one  pint  simple  syrup  ;  four  tablespoons 
of  glycerine.     Stir.     Mould. 


88  ONE   THOUSAND   SECRETS    REVEALED. 

CHEAP  CHOCOLATES.— Quick  work.  Make  a  batch 
of  the  above  number  one.  Exactly  the  same  process. 
After  the  glucose  is  dissolved  in  the  batch  do  not  pour  out, 
but  add  five  pounds  of  the  hard  factory  cream  in  pieces. 
Stir,  flavor,  melt.  Set  this  kettle  in  a  kettle  of  boiling  water, 
have  a  boy  to  stir  and  watch  it ;  do  not  allow  it  to  get  so 
thin  as  to  simmer,  only  thin  enough  to  run  into  your  starch 
prints.     This  cream  saves  time  and  labor. 

TO  WORK  OVER  SCRAPS  OF  CANDY.  — To  thirty 
pounds  of  scraps  use  one  gallon  water;  stir  until  it  boils; 
set  off,  for  it  would  never  melt  any  more  by  boiling;  con- 
tinue stirring  until  all  is  dissolved.  Set  aside  until  cold. 
Skim  off  the  top.  This  can  be  worked  into  hoarhound  or 
dark  penny  goods,  pop-corn  bricks,  etc. 

TO  COOK  OVER  MAPLE  SUGAR.— To  sixty  pounds 
oroken  up  maple,  add  water  (according  to  the  hard  or  soft 
grain  of  the  sugar)  enough  to  dissolve.  Stir  until  melted. 
If  the  grain  was  soft,  add  fifteen  pounds  granulated  sugar; 
if  the  hard  grain,  only  add  that  amount  of  C  sugar.  Boil  to 
244  degrees  by  thermometer,  or  good  ball.  Take  out  some 
in  porcelain  sauce  pan,  grain  until  cloudy  (to  make  quick 
work  always  have  a  small  portion  in  the  same  sauce  pan 
for  the  next  stirring).  Pour  in  moulds  greased,  or  put  in  a 
tub  of  cold  water. 

ARTIFICIAL  MAPLE  SUGAR.— Dark  C  sugar  (driest), 
two  pounds ;  water,  one-third  pint ;  butter,  two  ounces, 
melted  ;  flavor  with  maple  flavor  ;  boil  to  a  ball,  cream  in 
the  pan.    Pour  before  it  gets  too  stiff. 

MOLASSES  POP-CORN  BALLS.— Always  sift  your 
corn  after  it  is  popped.  For  home  use,  add  butter  and 
lemon  flavor  to  your  syrup.  This  is  too  expensive  for  retail 
and  factory  use,  though  some  use  lard  sparingly,  Boil 
molasses  to  a  stiff  ball,  wet  your  tub,  put  in  your  corn  ;  now 
with  a  dipper  pour  over  your  candy  and  stir  with  a  paddle 
through  the  corn,  wet  your  hands  in  cold  water,  make  your 
balls  and  wrap  in  wax  paper,  twisting  the  ends  close  to  the 
balls. 


MISCELLANEOUS   DEPARTMENT.  89 

FOR  WHITE  OR  RED.— Sugar  and  glucose  half  and 
half,  water,  to  melt  and  boil  as  above.     Work  the  same. 

To  make  six  hundred  bricks  a  day  and  pop  this  corn,  put 
a  coarse  jsieve  in  a  box  or  barrel  bottom,  instead  of  the 
natural  bottom.  Sift  your  corn.  Have  your  popper  made 
with  a  swinging  wire,  hanging  from  the  ceiling  down  over 
the  furnace  to  save  labor.  Have  a  stout,  thick,  wide  board 
for  the  floor  of  your  press  ;  make  a  stout  frame  the  width 
that  two  brick  will  measure  in  length  ;  as  long  as  twelve 
bricks  are  thick,  and  have  your  boards  six  or  eight  inches 
wide.  Put  your  frame  together ;  now  make  a  stout  lid  of 
one-inch  lumber  to  fit  in  your  frame  ;  have  four  cleats  nailed 
crosswise  to  make  it  stout,  and  a  2  x  4  piece  nailed  length- 
wise across  the  top  of  these  (shorter  than  the  lid  is);  now  for 
a  lever  get  a  hard  2x4,  six  to  eight  feet  long  ;  fasten  the 
ends  of  this  lever  to  the  floor  giving  it  six  inches  of  the  rope 
to  play  in. 

Now  you  are  ready ;  wet  your  flour  board  and  dust  it  with 
flour ;  do  the  lid  and  frame  the  same.  To  every  thirty 
pounds  melted  scraps  of  candy  use  two  pounds  of  butter. 
(You  can't  cut  the  bricks  without  it.)     Cook  to  a  hard  ball. 

To  three-fourths  tub  of  corn,  pour  three  small  dippers  of 
Byrup ;  pour  this  when  mixed  in  your  frame  on  the  flour 
board,  put  on  the  lid,  with  the  lever  press  once  the  center, 
once  each  end,  and  once  more  the  center  ;  take  out  the  lid, 
lift  the  frame,  dump  out  on  the  table.  When  two-thirds 
cool,  cut  lengthwise  with  a  sharp,  thin  knife,  then  cut  your 
bricks  off  crosswise. 

Penny  pop-corn  bricks  are  made  the  same  way. 

CANDY  PENNY  POP-CORN  PIECES.— Cook  a  batch 
oi  glucose  to  a  light  snap,  flavor  well,  pour  thin.  While  hot 
place  your  pop-corn  sheet  hard  down  on  the  candy,  mark 
deep  cut  and  wrap.  I  have  put  boys  on  this  work  in  the 
shop  at  five  dollars  a  week  pay,  and  knew  them  to  cleat'  for 
the  proprietor  from  five  to  twenty  dollars  daily  for  several 
months  ;  one  to  pop  corn,  one  to  cook  syrup,  one  to  press, 
and  one  to  cut  them,  girls  to  wr?o  and  box. 


90  ONE  THOUSAND   SECRETS  REVEAI-ED. 

TO  SHELL  COCOANUTS.— Take  the  nut  -In  the  left 

hand  with  the  three  eyes  up  ;  strike  from  the  nut  down  with 
your  hatchet  ;  peel  with  a  knife  or  spoke  shave,  cut  them 
into  four  pieces,  cover  them  with  water,  set  on  the  turnace, 
and  let  come  to  a  good  boil.  If  the  nuts  are  sour,  strain 
and  add  fresh  cold  water  quickly  so  as  the  heat  will  not 
darken  them,  and  repeat.  If  very  sour  scrape  the  insides 
out.  Grate  them,  taking  out  one  piece  at  a  time,  as  the  air 
does  them  no  good. 

RED  CENTER.— Take  two-thirds,  pour  thin  ;  color  the 
remaining  one-third  red  with  the  liquor  color  ;  place  thi-s  on 
/he  half  of  the  two-thirds,  and  turn  the  other  up  over  on  top, 
/oil  out  flat  with  a  roller,  cool,  cut. 

The  same  goods  cooked  to  a  soft  ball  may  be  made  into 
balls  to  be  coated  in  red  sugar  after  throwing  them  in  hot 
sugar  syrup  ;  also  to  be  dipped  in  melted  cream,  or  brown  the 
cocoanut  balls  on  top  with  burnt  sugar.  Chocolate  glaze 
cream  coating  eats  well  over  these  goods,  or  dip  the  balls  as 
you  like. 

FLAVORINGS. — To  any  kind  of  oils  take  eight  times  in 
bulk  the  amount  of  Alcohol  ;  stir  ;  let  set  in  a  warm  place  a 
short  time  ;  can  be  used  if  needed  immediately. 

HOME  MADE  MAPLE  SUGAR.— To  two  pounds  of 
maple  (bricks  not  cakes)  1  pint  water,  one-third  pipe  cream 
cf  Tartar  (or  four  ounces  of  glucose  is  best) ;  boil  slow  to 
a  smooth  degree,  cool  skim.     White  sugar  can  be  used. 

To  keep  molasses  from  sugaring  in  the  barrel  ;  when 
making  the  molasses,  to  every  barrel  add  twenty  pounds  of 
glucose,  stir  it  in. 

To  lighten  the  color  and  aid  the  flavor  of  rank,  dark 
molasses,  do  the  same  as  above.  To  allow  molasses  to 
cool  slowly  makes  it  dark.  It  should  be  stirred  lively  until 
cool. 

Also  to  improve  sour,  rank  molasses,  take  the  molasses, 
for  instance,  ten  gallons  ;  take  five  pounds  dry  C  Sugar, 
five  pounds  glucose,  water  two  quarts.  Boil  the  sugar  and 
glucose  until  thoroughly  dissolved  ;  add  the  molasses,  boil 
five  minutes.     You  can  make  fme  syrup  this  way. 


MISCELLANEOUS   DEPARTMENT.  91 

TO  MAKE  A  CANDY  HOUSE.  —  House  for  a  show 
windotv.  Take  any  desif^n  you  fancy,  of  card  board.  Cut 
out  the  windows ;  place  this  on  your  candy  slab.  Now 
with  a  lead  pencil  mark  out  your  design,  and  as  many  of 
each  piece  as  you  need  (it  is  a  good  idea  to  make  an  extra 
piece  so  if  you  break  one  you  can  go  ahead).  Now  take  of 
the  icing  sugar  and  fill  your  paper  funnel  as  if  for  cake 
icing,  and  overline  the  pencil  marks  you  made  on  the  stone. 
When  done  you  find  you  have  a  frame  that  will  hold  hot 
candy.  Boil  a  batch  of  Barley  Square  goods  (mentioned  in 
this  book),  and  pour  on  some  in  a  dipper  ;  take  this  and 
pour  in  your  icing  sugar  frame  or  patterns  you  made  on  the 
stone,  when  half  cold,  so  as  not  to  run  ;  run  a  thin  knife 
under  them  carefully,  lift  thern  and  lay  them  in  a  different 
place  on  the  stone  ;  when  you  have  moulded  all  cut  off  the 
icing  sugar  that  sticks  to  the  candy.  Then  put  your  candy 
house  together,  sides  first,  and  take  pieces  of  lemon  stick 
candy,  dip  them  in  the  hot  candy,  and  stick  in  the  bottom 
and  top  corners  of  your  house  ;  hold-  them  a  few  seconds 
to  cool,  then  finish  likewise.  When  done,  take  your  icing 
sugar  and  funnel  paper  and  on  the  outside  corners  of  the 
candy  house  put  icing  sugar  and  the  windows  finish  the 
same.  Candies,  if  desired,  can  be  stuck  on  with  the  icing 
sugar,  etc.  The  icing  sugar  should  be  stiff  for  a  nice  job, 
and  will  hide  the  corners. 

Candy  pyramids  can  be  made  this  way  also. 

TO  MAKE  A  DELICIOUS  CANDY  COCOANUT 
CAKE.  —  Have  your  cake  layers  cold.  Place  in  your  rice 
steamer  one-half  grated  cocoanut  and  a  chunk  of  hand- 
made cream  the  size  of  your  fist  ;  stir  until  mixed  and  you 
can  spread  it ;  do  not  melt  it  more  than  necessary.  This 
cake  will  not  dry  out  if  made  with  factory  cream.  I  gave 
this  recipe  to  two  London  practical  cake-bakers  ;  they  said 
it  beat  any  cake  recipe  they  had  ever  received. 

Put  your  mind  to  work  and  with  a  little  practice  you  will 
get  up  candies  of  your  own  invention,  from  the  knowledge 
you  derive  here  in  this  book. 


92  ONE  THOUSAND  SECRETS  REVEALED. 

ICE  (JREAM.— I  will  give  only  the  best  recipe,  my  own 
improvement,  as  workmen  will  find  all  my  private  recipes 
in  this  book  to  be  different  from  others,  as  well  as  first-class. 
Two  quarts  thick  cream,  one  pound  A  sugar,  one-fourth 
ounce  French  gelatine,  yolks  of  three  eggs  ;  add  one  quart 
of  the  cream  and  gelatine,  set  on  the  fire  ;  stir  ;  do  not  let 
boil ;  melt ;  set  off,  add  the  eggs  and  sugar  stirred  up  to- 
gether with  a  little  of  the  cream,  stirring  all  the  time  ;  set 
on,  let  get  hot ;  set  off,  add  the  other  quart  of  cream  ;  stir, 
strain,  freeze.  Break  your  ice  fine  ;  use  salt  from  one  pint 
to  one  quart.     Flavor  after  it  is  frozen. 

FAIR  GROUND  LEMONADE.  —  Take  one  barrel  wa- 
ter ;  dissolve  in  one  quart  of  warm  water  twenty-five 
cents  worth  citric  acid ;  dissolve  two  dollars'  worth  A  sugar 
in  one  gallon  water.  Stir  all  together.  A  few  cut  up  pieces 
of  Lemon  can  be  added  for  appearance  sake. 

JAP  COCOANUT.  —  One  pound  XXX  confectioners' 
sugar,  dampened  a  little  ;  one  ane  one-half  pounds  glucose; 
stir  when  cooked  to  a  soft  ball  ;  add  all  the  grated  cocoa- 
nut  it  will  stick  together  ;    boil,  stir  to  the  lightest  crack. 

LEMON  ICE. —  Seven  lemons,  the  juice  only,  juice  of 
three  oranges.  Take  one  pint  water,  dissolve  in  one-half 
ounce  of  French  sheet  gelatine;  then  add  whites  of  two  eggs, 
one  and  one-fourth  pounds  A  sugar,  dissolved;  add  all  to- 
gether with  three  pints  cold  water;  freeze  as  for  ice  cream. 
Keep  machine  running  briskly  until  finished. 

ORANGE  ICE.— The  same  by  changing  the  fruit  pro- 
portionately. 

THE  ADULTERATIONS  USED  BY  CERTAIN  FAC- 
TORIES.—[Please  never  try  to  make  use  of  the  following, 
for  I  never  would  print  it  for  that  purpose,  only  to  expose 
the  stuff.] 

Grape  sugar,  which  looks  like  a  cheap  suet  melted,  and 
is  so  hard  as  to  be  chopped  with  an  ax,  though  it  dissolves 
readily.  Terra  alba,  white  clay,  which  is  fine  as  sugar,  and 
is  sieved  into  cream  work  or  on  candy,  and  worked  into  it. 
Rice  flour,  ground  rice  mixed  into  cocoanut  goods;  cerea- 


MISCELLANEOUS  DEPARTMENT.  03 

Jlne,  ground,  prepared  corn  mixed  into  cocoanut.  Glucose 
has  the  name  of  being  an  adulteration,  thoiiii;h  I  fail,  from 
seventeen  years'  experience,  to  find  it  such;  it  contains  noth- 
ing outside  of  the  acid  to  make  it  so,  and  that  is  in  so  small  a 
portion  as  to  be  harmless.  It  is  an  article  that  is  of  greater 
value  to  man  than  the  inexperienced  give  it  credit  for.  If 
I  had  time  I  could  argue  this  question  satisfactorily  to  any 
unprejudiced  person.  Gamboge  is  a  bad  article  for  candy, 
yellow,  cheap,  hurtful  color.  Ground  cocoanut  shells  are 
used  mostly  in  adulterating  pepper,  etc.  "  Who  is  to  blame 
for  adulterating  goods  ?  "  I  claim  three  parties— first,  the 
projirietor;  next,  candy  makers;  and  next,  the  ignorant  class 
of  people  that  want  sixteen  cents' worth  of  boiled  sugar  for 
eight  cents,  when  they  do  not  stop  to  think  it  could  not  pos- 
sibly be  made  for  less  than  eight  cents,  all  told. 

Germany  and  France  have  strong  laws  against  all  adul- 
terations. Soon  America  will  prohibit  the  same,  and  bless 
God  when  the  day  and  law  we  so  much  need  will  come. 

HOW  TO  ORNAMENT  CAKES.— You  need  four  cups 
of  confectioners'  finest  sugar,  whites  of  two  eggs.  Beat 
the  eggs  just  a  little,  add  the  sugar  gradually,  juice  one 
lemon;  beat  this  stiff,  until  the  sugar  will  bend  when  you 
hold  the  paddle  up.  Now  take  a  sheet  of  thick  writing 
paper,  fold  it  into  a  funnel  shape,  hold  it  in  your  left  hand; 
fill  this  with  the  icing,  prepared  as  above,  about  two-thirds 
full,  fold  in  the  top  and  place  both  thumbs  on  it,  cut  off  a 
little  of  the  small  end  of  the  funnel  to  allow  the  icing  to 
come  out  when  you  press  with  your  thumbs.  Next,  with  a 
knife,  cover  your  cake  with  icing  sugar  smoothly;  if  it  sticks 
to  the  knife,  wet  it  a  little.  Let  dry  half  hour;  then  with  a 
lead  pencil  make  leaves  or  designs,  and  with  your  paper 
funnel  ice  your  pencil  designs.     Colored  icing  looks  well. 

TAKING  LEAF  PHOTOGRAPHS.— A  very  pretty 
amusement,  especially  for  those  who  have  just  completed 
the  study  of  botany,  is  the  taking  of  leaf  photographs. 
One  very  simple  process  is  this:  At  any  druggist's  get  an 
ounce  of  Bichromate  of  Potassium.  Put  this  into  a  pint 
bottle  of  water.    When  the  solution  becomes  saturated— 


94  ONE   THOUSAND  SECRETS   REVEALED. 

that  is,  the  water  is  dissolved  as  much  as  it  will — pcur  off 
some  of  the  clear  liquid  into  a  shallow  dish;  on  this  float  a 
piece  of  ordinary  writing  paper  till  it  is  thoroughly  moist- 
ened, let  it  dry  in  the  dark.  It  should  be  a  bright  yellow. 
On  this  put  the  leaf,  under  it  a  piece  of  black  soft  cloth 
and  several  sheets  of  newspaper.  Put  these  between  two 
pieces  of  glass  (all  the  pieces  should  be  of  the  same  size), 
and  with  spring  clothespins  fasten  them  together.  Expose 
to  a  bright  sun,  placing  the  leaf  so  that  the  rays  will  fall 
upon  it  as  nearly  perpendicular  as  possible.  In  a  few  mo- 
ments it  will  begin  to  turn  brown;  but  it  requires  from  half 
an  hour  to  several  hours  to  produce  a  perfect  print.  When 
it  has  become  dark  enough,  take  it  from  the  frame,  and  put 
it  into  clear  water,  which  must  be  changed  every  few  min- 
utes until  the  yellow  part  becomes  white.  Sometimes  the 
leaf  veinings  will  be  quite  distinct.  By  following  these 
directions  it  is  scarcely  possible  to  fail,  and  a  little  practice 
will  make  perfect. 

CURIOUS  THINGS.— 1.  To  apparently  burn  water,  fill 
a  glass  lamp  with  water,  and  put  into  it  for  a  wick  a  piece 
of  Gum  Camphor.  The  lamp  should  not  be  quite  full,  and 
the  camphor  may  be  left  to  float  upon  the  surface  of  the 
water.  On  touching  a  lighted  match  to  the  Camphor,  up 
shoots  a  clear,  steady  flame,  and  seems  to  sink  below  the 
surface  of  the  water,  so  that  the  flame  is  surrounded  by  the 
liquid.  It  will  burn  a  long  time.  If  the  Camphor  be 
ignited  in  a  large  dish  of  water  it  will  commonly  float  about 
while  burning. 

2.  To  change  the  faces  of  a  group  to  a  livid,  deathly 
whiteness,  and  to>  destroy  colors,  wet  a  half  teacupful  of 
common  salt  in  Alcohol  and  burn  it  on  a  plate  in  a  dark 
room.  Let  the  salt  soak  a  few  minutes  before  igniting. 
The  flame  will  deaden  the  brightest  colors  in  the  room,  and 
the  dresses  of  the  company  will  seem  to  be  changed.  Let 
each  one  put  his  face  behind  the  flame,  and  it  will  present 
a  most  ghastly  spectacle  to  those  who  stand  before  it.  This 
is  serviceable  in  tableau  where  terror  of  death  is  to  be  rep- 
resented. The  change  wrought  by  the  flame,  when  the 
jnateriala  are  properly  prepared,  is  very  surprising. 


MISCELLANEOUS   DEPARTMENT.  95 

3.  Wet  a  piece  of  thick  wrapping  paper,  then  dry  near 
the  stove.  While  dry,  lay  it  down  upon  a  varnished  table 
or  dry  woolen  cloth,  and  rub  it  briskly  with  a  piece  of  India 
rubber.  It  will  soon  become  electrified,  and  if  tossed 
at^ainst  the  wall  or  the  looking  glass  will  stick  some  time. 
Tear  tissue-paper  into  bits,  one-eighth  of  an  inch  square, 
and  this  piece  of  electrified  paper  will  draw  them.  Or  take 
a  tea-tray  and  put  it  on  three  tumblers.  Lay  the  electric 
paper  on  it,  and  on  touching  the  tray  you  will  get  a  little 
spark.  Let  the  paper  lay  on  the  tray,  and  on  touching  the 
tray  again  you  will  get  another  spark,  but  of  the  opposite 
kind  of  electricity.  Replace  the  paper  and  you  get  an- 
other, and  so  on. 

4.  To  produce  a  spectrum,  burn  magnesium  wire  in  a 
dark  room,  and  as  soon  as  the  flame  is  extinguished,  let  each 
one  try  to  look  into  the  others'  faces.  The  spectrum  of  the 
extinguished  light  is  clearly  seen. 

MURIATE  OF  TIN  TIN  LIQUOR.  —  If  druggists 
keep  it,  it  is  best  to  purchase  of  them  already  made,  but  if 
you  prefer,  proceed  as  follows  :  Get  at  a  tinner's  shop 
block  tin,  put  it  into  a  shovel  and  melt  it.  After  it  is  melted, 
pour  it  from  the  height  of  four  or  five  feet  into  a  pail  of  clear 
water.  The  object  of  this  is  to  have  the  tin  in  small  parti- 
cles, so  that  the  Acid  can  dissolve  it.  Take  it  out  of  the 
water  and  dry  it;  then  put  it  in  a  strong  glass  bottle.  Pour 
over  it  Muriatic  Acid  twelve  ounces,  then  slowly  add 
sulphuric  acid  eight  ounces.  The  Acid  should  be  added 
about  a  tablespoonful  at  a  time,  at  intervals  of  five  or 
eight  minutes,  for  if  you  add  it  too  rapidly  you  run  the 
risk  of  breaking  the  bottle  by  heat.  After  you  have  all  the 
Acid  in,  let  the  bottle  stand  until  the  ebullition  subsides  ; 
then  stop  it  up  with  beeswax  or  glass  stopper,  and  set  it 
away  ;  and  it  will  keep  good  for  a  year  or  more,  or  it  will 
be  fit  for  use  in  twenty-four  hours. 

THE  CENTENNIAL  ILLUMINATING  OIL.— Recipe 
for  making  one  gallon.  —  Take  seven-eights  gallon  Benzine 
or  crude  Petroleum,  add  to  it  one  half-ounce  Gum  Camphor, 
one-half-ounce  Alcohol,  one-half  pint  common  Salt,  one-half 


M  ONE  THOUSAND  SECRETS   REVEALED. 

ounce  Oil  of  Sassafras.  Stir  and  rnix  it  well  for  about  five 
minutes.  Let  it  stand  for  twenty-four  hours  and  it  is  ready 
for  use.  It  is  better  to  buy  the  Benzine  from  Pittsburgh, 
Pa.,  as  the  druggists  usually  charge  to  or  three  times  «^be 
wholesale  price. 


CHAPTER  VIIL 

COIN    DEPARTMENT. 

Complete  and  standard  list  of  American  silver  and  cop- 
per coins  which  command  a  premium: 

U.  S.  SILVER  DOLLARS. 


1794 

1794 
1795 
1796 
1796 
1797 
1797 
1798 
1798 
1798 
1799 
1799 
1800 
1801 
1802 
1802 
1803 


f  3    ^\ 

Flowing  Hair $20  00 

Fine 30  00 

"              1  25 

Fillet  head 1  25 

1  60 

"          6  Stars  Facing 1  go 

7          "              160 

13  Stars,  Small  Eagle 1  50 

15    "           "          "    2  00 

13  Stars,  Large  Eagle 1  10 

5  Stars  Facing 1  49 

\     "  .J\        ••••'••  110 

Spread  Eagle 1  15 

"           "     ..!.!!!.*.*  130 

,„^,    '' 1  30 

over  1801,  Spread  Eagle 1  35 

Spread  Eagle , 135 


^  ove  T-.'.ouiiANn  secrets  revealed, 

1804  IlJollak. 


Obverse.  Reverse. 

>  404  Excessively  Rare $600  00 

lc<40  Liberty  Seated 105 

1»41  "  "         1  05 

iai4  "  "          ... 1  05 

1845  "  " 1  05 

1848  "  «         1  15 

1849  "  ••         1  05 

1851  "  "         23  00 

1852  "  «•        23  00 

1853  "  "        1  10 

1854  "  «•        2  50 

1855  "  «        160 

1856  "  ••         1  50 

1857  "  ••        150 

1858  "  ••        23  00 

1861  ••  "            1  05 

1862  "  ••        1  05 

1863  ••  "        105 

1864  •«  "         105 

1865  •  "         105 

1866  •  ••        105 

1867  •  " 105 

1868  •  ••        105 

1869  **  "        1  05 

1879  TrWe  Dollar 1  05. 

1880  "  "       105 

1881  ••  •• 105 

1882  «»  ••       105 

1883  ••  ••       105 

1884  "  *      106 


COIN   DEPARTMcaT.  a 

UNITED   STATES   PATTERN  DOLLAItV 


n 


1836  C.  Gobrechfs  Name  in  Field $  9  00 

1836  Flying  Eagle 4  GO 

1838  "  "        n  60 

1839  "  " 13  50 


HAI.K     DOLLARS 


fi^^i^^^ 


^ 


1794  Flowing  Hair,  Fair S  2  00 

1794  "           "       Good 3  00 

1795  "           "       60 

1796  Fillet  Head,  15  Stars 17  50 

1796  "          "      16     "      20  00 

1797  "          "       15      "       18  00 

1801  "          "       2  00 

1802  "         "       2  00 

1803  "          "       55 

1804  "          "       7  50 

1805  "          "       55 

1805  over  1804.  Fillet  Head 60 

1806  Fillet  Head,  if  Extra  Fine 56 


100 


'ONE   THOUSAND   SECRETS  REVEALED 


1807  Fillet  Head,  if  Extra  Fine  $0  55 

1807  Head  to  Left      "            "     55 

1815      "      ."        Fair 150 

1815      "        "        Good 2  00 

1815      "        "        Fine 2  50 

1820overl819 55 

1836  Liberty  Cap,  Milled  Edge 150 

1836        "         "          "          "'     Fine 1  75 


1838  Liberty  Cap $12  00 

Having  "O"  mark  underueatli  bust,  aud  meaning  New- 
Orleans  Mint,  under  head  like  above  cut.  Ordinary  li<381ialf 
dollars  without  this  mint  mark  are  not  wanted. 

1851  Liberty  Seated 


1851      " 

"     Fine 

1852      " 

"    Fair 

1852      " 

'•    Good 

1852      " 

"     Fine 

1879       " 

"    Fine 

55 
60 
1  40 

1  75 

2  00 
65 


1796  Fillet  Ho 
1796   " 
1804  " 

1804  " 

1805  " 


QUARTER  DOLLARS. 


jad.Fair $  1  50 

"       Good 2  00 

Fair 1  50 

"       Good 2  00 

"       30 

"       30 


COIN    DEPARTMENT.  101 

1807  Head  to  Left ..  «o  -^O 

lolo                        Fine ...  oti 

1818      "  "        "       '   •        SX 

1819  "      "    «•   ::::;;•. ; 30 

1820  "           "        "      oX 

1821  "            "        «       .       ..    ,'     qX 

1822  "           "        "      ,..."..     ^ 

1828  '«     "  Fair .■..■.';."::.■.■:::::::::  16  00 

S    ;;        "  Good 2100 

1824      "            "    Fair % 

1824      "            "    Good 60 

1824      "           "    Fine ;; i  5o 

1827      "            "     Fair ^  1750 

1827      ;•            "    Good 22  00 

1853  (without  Arrows  and  Rays) 2  50 

TWENTY    CENT   PIECES. 

1876    A    oc 

1877  ^  7^ 

1878 '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'..'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.[[  1  75 

1796  Fillet  Head,  Fair S      7,5 

1796  "          "      Good 150 

1797  13  Stars,  Fair 110 

1797  13     "      Good ; .  2  00 

1797  16      "       Fair ,    ..  125 

1796  16      "      Good ■  2  00 

1798  Fillet  Head,  Fair ..  qq 

1798      "          "       Good 1  75 

1800      "          "       Fair "  l  OO 

1800  "          '•      Good ■*  1  75 

1801  "          "       Fair '".  l  06 

1801  "          "      Good ■  1  75 

1802  "          "       Fair . .  i  25 

1802  "          "      Good 2  00 

1803  "          "       Fair  75 

1803  "          "      Good 1  25 

1804  "          "      Fair 125 

1804      "          "      Good 2  22 

1805 '     20 

1807      "         "         "    25 


102 


ONE   THOUSAND    SF.CRETS    REVEALED. 


1809  Head  to  Left,  Fair JO  20 

1809  "  "        Good 50 

1809  "  "        Fine 75 

1811  "  "        Fair 25 

1811  "  "        Good 50 

1811  "  "        Fine 75 

1814  "  "           "     15 

1820  "  "           "     15 

1821  "  "        Small  Date,  Fine 15 

1822  "  "        Fair 50 

1822  "  "        Good 75 

1822  "  "        Fine 1  00 

1824  ••  "           "     15 

1828  "  "           "     15 


1846  Liberty  Seated. 


.$      25 


HALF  DIMES. 


1794  Flowing  Hair,  Fair S  1  10 

1794      "  "      Good 2  00 

1794  "  "      Fine 3  00 

1795  "  "      Fair 30 

1795  "  "      Good 60 

1796  15  Stars,  Fillet  Head,  Fair 1  50 


1796  15 

1797  15 
1797  15 
1797  16 
1797  16 
1800  Fillet  Head,  Fair 

1800  " 

1801  " 

1801  " 

1802  " 
1802    " 


Good 2  00 

Fair. 


1  10 

Good 1  75 


Fair. . 
Good. 


1  00 

1  75 

40 

75 

1  00 


Good 

Fair 

Good 2  00 

Fair 20  00 

Good 40  00 


COIN   DEPARTMENT. 


103 


1802  Fillet  Head,  Fine $75 

1803  "  "       Fair 1 

1803    "  "      Good  1 

1805    "  "      Fair 1 

1805    "  "      Good 2 

1838  Liberty  Seated,  without  stars,  Fair 


1838 
1838 
184H 
1846 
1846 


Good. 
Fine. 


Fair.  . 
Good. 
Fine.. 


SILVER  THREE  CENT  PIECES. 

1855  Large  Star  in  Center $  10 

1863  "  "        40 

1864  "  ••        50 

1865  "  ••        30 

1866  "  ••        30 

1867  ••  *        30 

1868  "  ••        30 

1869  ••  "        ■ 25 

1870  "  ••        20 

1871  "  ••        20 

1872  ••  ••        20 

1873  "  **        75 

NICKEL  FIVE  CENT  PIECES. 

!877  g  25 


.i^t  ^^JfSsI  NICKEL  THREE   CENT  PIECES. 

1877 %     40 

COPPER  TWO  CENT  PIECES. 

1872  %     05 

1873 90 


104  ONE   THOUSAND   SECRETS   REVEALED. 

COPPER    CENTS. 


1793  Liberty  Cap $  1 

1794  

1795  Liberty  Cap 

1796  "  "     

1796  Fillet  Head  


1797 

II        « 

1798 

"lO'QQ 

«        i< 

1799 

(t        i( 

1800 

i(        II 

1801 

II        ml 

1804 

11        II 

1804 

II        II 

1805 

II        II 

1806 

II        .1 

1807 

ti        II 

Fine. 


25 
15 

10 
15 
15 
08 
05 
00 
00 
05 
05 
00 
75 
08 
06 
03 


1808  Head  to  Left $  10 

1809  '•  "  40 

1809  "  "  Fine 75 

1810  "  •  05 

1811  "  '  25 

1812  "  • 03 

1813  "  "  15 


COIN   DEPARTMENT.  105 

1814  Head  to  Left 80  03 

1817      <•           "     15  Stars. 05 

1821      "            "     08 

1823      "            "     12 

1857      "           "     Large  Date 06 

1857      "           "    SmallUate 06 


EAGLE  NICKEL  CENTS. 

^^ 

1856  Fair $      55 

1856  Good 80 

1856  Fine 1  10 

HALF    CENTS. 

,,  11  ifei 

1793  Liberty  Cap $  1  00 

1794  "         "    25 

1795  Lettered  Edge 20 

1795  Thin  Die 20 

1796  Liberty  Cap. 7  50 

1797  '•         "     25 

1797  Lettered  Edge 85 

1800  Fillet  Head 05 

1802  "          "     60 

1803  "         •♦     05 

1805  "         •♦     06 

1806  "         "     06 

1807  "^        "     06 

1808  "         "     06 


106  ONE  THOUSAND    SECRETS   REVEALED. 

1810  Head  to  Left '. $0  18 

1811  "  "  60 

1831  "  "  2  00 

1836  "  "  3  00 

1840  "  "  1  75 

1841  "  "  1  75 

1842  "  "  2  50 

1843  •'  "  3  00 

1844  "  "  2  00 

1845  "  "  1  75 

1846  "  "  1  75 

1847  "  " 2  50 

1848  "  "  3  00 

1849  "  "  Small  Date 3  00 

1849  "  "  Large  Date 06 

1850  "  "   05 

1852  "  "  2  50 

1854  "  "  05 

1856  "  "  15 

1857  "  "  08 


AMERICAN    SILVER    AND    COPPER    COINS    NOT 
ISSUED  BY  THE  UNITED  STATES  MINT. 

SILVER   COINAGE. 

DOLLARS.— First  coinage,  1794;  none  issued  1805  to 
1835  inclusive,  and  1837. 

HALF-DOLLARS.  —  First  coinage,  1794  ;  none  issued 
1798, 1799,  1816. 

QUARTER  DOLLARS.  —  First  coinage,  1796;  none 
issued  1794,  1795,  1797  to  1804,  1808  to  1814  inclusive,  1816 
1817,  1826,  1829,  1830. 

DIMES.— First  coinage,  1796;  none  issued  1794,  1795, 
1799,  1806,  1808,  1810,  1812,  1813,  1815  to  1819  inclusive,  1826. 

HALF  DIMES.— First  coinage,  1794  ;  none  issued  1798, 
1799,  1801,  1806  to  1828  inclusive.  The  coinage  of  half 
dimes  was  discontinued  in  1873,  by  Act  of  Congress. 

THREE  CENT  PIECES  (SILVER).  —  First  coinage, 
1851 ;  and  then  the  dates  follow  in  succession  until  1873, 
when  the  coinage  of  them  was  discontinued. 


COIN   DEPARTMENT.  107 

COPPER   CENTS. 

COPPER  CENTS.— First  coinage,  1793,  none  issued  1815, 
they  then  follf)w  to  1857,  when  the  coinage  was  changed  to 
nickel.  The  nickel  cent  of  1856  was  only  a  pattern,  which 
continued  during  this  year  up  to  1864,  inclusive.  The 
bronze  cent  was  introduced  in  fhis  year.  In  1865  the  nickel 
cent  was  discontinued,  and  up  to  date  the  bronze  cents  are 
issued. 

HALF  CENTS.— First  coinage,  1793;  none  issued  1798, 
1799,  1801,  1812  to  1824,  inclusive,  1827,  1837,  1838,  1839;  in 
1857  the  issue  of  half  cents  was  discontinued. 

In  1864  the  two-cent  piece  in  bronze  was  introduced,  and 
discontinued  in  1873,  by  Act  of  Congress. 

In  1865  the  three-cent  nickel  piece  was  first  issued. 

In  1866  the  five-cent  piece  was  first  issued;  a  very  few 
were  struck  in  1865  as  pattern.  In  1883  the  die  was  changed 
to  that  of  the  current  issue  with  liberty  head.  Although 
upwards  of  five  million  coins  of  the  1883  nickels  without 
the  word  "  cents"  were  issued,  they  will  in  the  course  of  a 
few  years  command  a  premium.  At  present  they  are  still 
quite  common. 


NOISETTE'S  SYSTEM 
OF  MEMORY. 


LOISETTE'S  SYSTEM   OF   MEMORY. 

So  much  has  been  said  aljout  Loisette's  memory  system 
the  art  has  been  so  widely  advertised,  and  so  carefully 
guarded  from  all  the  profane  who  do  not  s'end  five  or  many 
dollars  to  the  professor,  that  a  few  pages  showing  how 
every  man  may  be  his  own  Loisette,  may  be  both  interest- 
ing and  valuable. 

In  the  first  place,  the  system  is  a  good  one,  and  well 
worth  the  labor  of  mastering,  and  if  the  directions  are 
implicitly  followed  there  can  be  no  doubt  that  the  memory 
will  be  greatly  strengthened  and  improved,  and  that  mne- 
monic feats,  otherwise  impossible,  may  be  easily  performed. 
Loisette,  however,  is  not  an  inventor,  but  an  introducer.  He 
stands  in  the  same  relation  to  Dr.  Pick  that  the  retail  dealer 
holds  to  the  manufacturer  :  the  one  produced  the  article  ; 
the  other  brings  it  to  the  public.  Even  this  statement  is  not 
quite  fair  to  Loisette,  for  he  has  brought  much  practical 
common  sense  to  bear  upon  Pick's  system,  and  in  preparing 
the  new  art  of  mnemonics  for  the  market,  in  many  ways  he 
has  made  it  his  own. 

If  each  man  would  reflect  upon  the  method  by  which  he 
himself  remembers  things,  he  would  find  his  hand  upon  the 
key  of  the  whole  mystery.  For  instance,  the  author  was 
once  trying  to  remember  the  word  blythe.  There  occurred 
to  my  mind  the  words  "  Bellman,"  "  Belle,"  and  then  the 
verse  • 

the  peasant  upward  climbing 

Hears  the  bells  of  Biiloss  chiming'. 

"Barcarole,"  "  Barrack," and  so  on  until  the  word  "blythe" 
presented  itself  with  a  strange  insistance,  long  after  I  had 
ceased  trying  to  recall  it. 

On  another  occasion,  when  trying  to  recall  the  name 
"  Richardson,"  I  got  the  words  "  hay-rick,"   "  Robertson," 

109 


no  ONE  THOUSAND  SECRETS  REVEALED 

"  Randallstown,"  and  finally  "  wealthy,"  from  which  natu- 
rally I  got  "  rich  "  and  "  Richardson  "  almost  in  a  breath. 

Still  another  example  :  trying  to  recall  the  name  of  an  old 
schoolmate,  "  Grady,"  I  got  "  Brady,"  "  grave,"  "  gaseous," 
■'  gastronome,"  "  gracious,"  and  I  finally  abandoned  the 
attempt,  simply  saying  to  myself  that  it  began  with  a  "  G," 
and  there  was  an  "  a  "  sound  after  it.  The  next  morning, 
when  thinking  of  something  entirely  different,  this  name 
"  Grady"  came  up  in  my  mind  with  as  much  distinctness  ai 
though  some  one  had  whispered  it  in  my  ear.  This  remem> 
bering  was  done  without  any  conscious  effort  on  my  part, 
and  was  evidently  the  result  of  the  exertion  made  the  day 
before,  when  mnemonic  processes  were  put  to  work.  Every 
reader  must  have  had  similar  experience,  which  he  can 
recall,  and  which  will  fall  in  line  with  the  examples  given. 

It  follows,  then,  that  when  we  endeavor,  without  the  aidj 
of  any  system,  to  recall  a  forgotten  fact  or  name,  our  mem.- 
ory  presents  to  us  words  of  similar  sound  or  meaning  iiv 
its  Journey  toward  the  goal  to  which  we  have  started  it. 
This  goes  to  show  that  our  ideas  are  arranged  in  groups  in 
whatever  secret  cavity  or  recess  of  the  brain  they  occupy^ 
and  that  the  arrangement  is  one  not  alphabetical  exactly^ 
and  not  entirely  by  meaning,  but  after  some  fashion  par. 
taking  of  both. 

If  you  are  looking  for  the  word  "meadow"  you  may 
reach  "  middle  "  before  you  come  to  it,  or  "  Mexico,"  or 
many  words  beginning  with  the  "  m  "  sound,  or  containing 
the  "  dow,"  as  "  window "  or  "  dough,"  or  you  may  get 
"  field  "  or  "  farm  " — but  you  are  on  the  right  track,  and  if 
you  do  not  interfere  with  your  intellectual  process  you  wiU 
finally  come  to  the  idea  which  you  are  seeking. 

How  often  have  you  heard  people  say  :  "  I  forget  his 
name,  it  is  something  like  Beadle  or  Beagle — at  any  rate  it 
begins  with  a  B."  Each  and  all  of  these  were  unconscious 
Loisettians,  and  they  were  practicing  blindly,  and  without 
proper  method  or  direction,  the  excellent  system  which  he 
teaches.      The   thing,  then,  to  do — and  it  is  the  final  and 


loisette's  system  of  memory.  Ill 

simple  truth  which  Loisctte  teaches — is  to  travel  over  this 
ground  in  the  other  direction — to  cement  the  fact  which  you 
wish  to  remember  to  some  other  fact  or  word  which  you 
know  will  be  brought  out  by  the  implied  conditions — and 
thus  you  will  always  be  able  to  travel  from  your  given 
starting-point  to  the  thing  which  you  wish  to  call  to  mind. 

To  illustrate  :  let  the  broken  line  in  the  annexed  diagran) 
represent  a  train  of  thought.  If  we  connect  the  idea  "a  *' 
with  " e"  through  the  steps  d,  c  and  d,  tha 
tendency  of  the  mind  ever  afterward  will  ba 
to  get  to  e  from  a  that  way,  or  from  any  ol 
the  intermediates  that  way.  It  seems  aa 
though  a  channel  were  cut  in  our  mind- 
stuff  along  which  the  memory  flows.  How 
to  make  it  flow  this  way  will  be  seen  latei 
on.  Loisette,  in  common  with  all  mnemonic 
teachers,  uses  the  old  devise  of  representing  numbers  by 
letter — and  as  this  is  the  first  and  easiest  step  in  the  art, 
this  seems  to  be  the  most  logical  place  to  introduce  th4 
accepted  equivalents  of  the  Arabic  numerals  :    -., 

0  is  always  represented  by  j,  ^^  or  ^  soft. 

1  is  always  represented  by  /,  th  or  d, 

2  is  always  represented  by  «. 

3  is  always  represented  by  m. 

4  is  always  represented  by  r. 

5  is  always  represented  by  /. 

6  is  always  represented  by  sh,j,  ch  soft  or  ^  soft. 

7  is  always  represented  by  g  hard,  k  c  hard,  q  or  final  r*^ 

8  is  always  represented  by/or  v. 

9  is  always  represented  by/  or  b. 

A.11  the  other  letters  are  used  simply  to  fill  up.  Double 
letters  in  a  word  count  only  as  one.  In  fact  the  system  goe^ 
by  sound,  not  by  spelling — for  instance,  "  this  "  or  "dizzy 
would  stand  for  ten ;  "  catch  "  or  "gush"  would  stand  fo» 
70,  and  the  only  difificulty  is  to  make  some  word  or  phras% 


112 


ONE   THOUSAND  SECRETS   REVEALED. 


which  will  contain  only  the  significant  letters  in  the  proper 
order,  filled  out  with  non-significants  into  some  guise  of 
meaning  or  intelligibility.*  Suppose  you  wished  to  get 
some  phrase  or  word  that  would  express  the  number  3,685, 
you  arrange  the  letters  this  way  : 


3 

- 

6 

- 

8 

- 

5 

a 

m 

a 

sh 

a 

f 

a 

1 

e 
i 

e 
i 

c'h 

c 
i 

V 

e 
i 

0 

o 

g 

o 

o 

u 

u 

u 

u 

h 

h 

h 

h 

w 

w 

w 

w 

X 

X 

X 

X 

y 

y 

y 

y 

You  can  make  out  "  image  of  law,"  "  my  shufHe,"  "  match- 
ville,"  etc.,  etc.,  as  far  as  you  like  to  work  it  out. 

Now,  suppose  you  wished  to  memorize  the  fact  that 
$1,000,000  in  gold  weighs  3,685  pounds,  you  go  about  it  in 
this  way,  and  here  is  the  kernel  and  crux  of  Loisette's 
system  : 

"  How  much  does  $1,000,000  in  gold  weigh  ?  " 

"  Weigh — scales." 

"Scales — statue  of  Justice." 

"  Statue  of  Justice — image  of  law." 

The  process  is  simplicity  itself.  The  thing  you  wish  to 
recall,  and  that  you  fear  to  forget,  is  the  weight ;  conse- 
quently you  cement  your  chain  of  suggestion  to  the  idea 
which  is  most  prominent  to  your  mental  question.     What 


♦You  can  remember  the  equivalents  by  noting  the  fact  that  z  is  the  first 
letterof  "zero"  and  c  of  "cipher";  /  has  but  one  stroke,  «  has  tvvo,  m 
has  three.  The  scriptyis  very  lil<e  8,  the  script/  like  g  ;  r  is  the  last  letter 
of  four,  /  is  the  Roman  numeral  iax  fifty.,  which  sufjfjestsy/rr.  The  others 
may  be  retained  as  raemorizinfj  these  two  nonsense  lines  : 
Six  shy  yewesses  cAase  (George 
Seven  ^'reat  Aings  tame  ^uarreli»^. 


loisette's  system  of  memory.  113 

do  you  weigh  with  ?  Scales.  What  does  the  mental 
picture  of  scales  suggest  ?  The  statue  of  Justice,  blind- 
folded and  weighing  out  award  and  punishment  to  man. 
Finally,  what  is  this  statue  of  Justice  but  the  image  of  law  ? 
and  the  words  "  image  of  law,"  translated  back  from  the 
significant  letters  m,  ^ soft, /"and  /,  give  you  3 — 6 — 8 — 5, 
the  number  of  pounds  in  $1,000,000  in  gold.  You  bind 
together  in  your  mind  each  separate  step  in  the  journey, 
the  one  suggests  the  other,  and  you  will  find  a  year  from 
now  that  the  fact  will  be  as  fresh  in  your  memory  as  it  is 
to-day.  You  cannot  lose  it.  It  is  chained  to  you  by  an 
unbreakable  mnemonic  tie.  Mark,  that  it  is  not  claimed 
that  "weight  "  will  of  itself  suggest  "  scales"  and  "scales" 
'"^statue  of  Justice,"  etc.,  but  that,  once  having  passed  your 
attention  up  and  down  the  ladder  of  ideas,  your  mental 
tendency  will  be  to  take  the  same  route,  and  get  to  the  same 
goal  again  and  again.  Indeed,  beginning  with  the  weight  of 
gl.OOO.OOO,  "image  of  law"  will  turn  up  in  your  mind  with- 
out your  consciousness  of  any  intermediate  station  on  the 
way,  after  some  iteration  and  reiteration  of  the  original 
chain. 

Again,  so  as  to  fasten  the  process  in  the  reader's  mind 
even  more  firmly,  suppose  that  it  were  desired  to  fix  the 
date  of  the  battle  of  Hastings  (A.  D.  1066)  in  the  memory  ; 
1066  may  be  represented  by  the  words  "  the  wise  judge  " 
(///  =  1,  J  =  o,  7  =  6,  dg=  %\  the  others  are  non  signifi- 
cants) ;  a  chain  might  be  made  thus  : 

Battle  of  Hastings — arbitrament  of  war. 

Arbitrament  of  war — arbitration. 

Arbitration — judgment. 

Judgment — the  wise  judge. 

Make  mental  pictures,  connect  ideas,  repeat  words  and 
sounds,  go  about  it  in  any  way  you  please,  so  that  you  will 
form  a  mental  habit  of  connecting  the  the  "battle  of  Hast- 
ings" with  the  idea  of  "arbitrament  of  war,"  and  so  on  for 
the  other  links  in  the  chain,  and  the  work  is  done. 

Loisette  makes  the  beginning  of  his  system  unnecessa- 
rily difficult,  to  say  nothing  of  his  illogical   arrangement 


114  ONE   THOUSAND   SECRETS   REVEALED. 

in  the  grammar  of  the  art  of  memory,  which  he  makes  the 
first  of  his  lessons.     He  analyzes  suggestion  thus  : 

1.  Inclusion. 

2.  Exclusion. 

3.  Concurrence. 

All  of  which  looks  very  scientific  and  orderly,  but  is 
really  misleading,  and  badly  named.  The  truth  is  that  one 
idea  will  suggest  another. 

1.  By  likeness  or  opposition  of  meaning,  as  "  house  "  sug- 
gests "  room  "  or  "  door,"  etc.,  or  "  white  "  suggests  "  black," 
"  cruel,"  "kind,"  etc. 

2.  By  likeness  of  sound,  as  "  harrow  "  and  "  barrow  "  ; 
"  Henry"  and  "Hennepin." 

3.  By  mental  juxtaposition,  a  peculiarity  different  in  each 
person  and  depending  upon  each  one's  own  experiences. 
Thus  "  St.  Charles "  suggests  "  railway  bridge "  to  me, 
because  I  was  vividly  impressed  by  the  breaking  of  the 
Wabash  bridge  at  that  point.  "  Stable  "  and  "  broken  leg  " 
come  near  each  other  in  my  experience,  so  do  "  cow"  and 
"  shot-gun  "  and  "  licking." 

Out  of  these  three  sorts  of  suggestions  it  is  possible  to  get 
from  any  one  fact  to  any  other  in  a  chain  certain  and  safe, 
along  which  the  mind  may  be  depended  upon  afterward 
always  to  follow. 

The  chain  is,  of  course,  by  no  means  all.  Its  making  and 
its  binding  must  be  accompanied  by  a  vivid,  methodically 
directed  attention,  which  turns  all  the  mental  light  gettable 
in  a  focus  upon  the  subject  passing  across  the  mind's 
screen.  Before  Loisette  was  thought  of  this  was  known. 
In  the  old  times  in  England,  in  order  to  impress  upon  the 
minds  of  the  rising  generation  the  parish  boundaries  in  the 
rural  districts,  the  boys  were  taken  to  each  of  the  landmarks 
in  succession,  the  position  and  bearings  of  each  pointed  out 
carefully,  and,  in  order  to  deepen  the  impression,  the  young 
people  were  then  and  there  vigorously  thrashed,  a  mechan- 
ical method  of  attracting  the  attention  which  was  said  never 
to  have  failed.  This  system  has  had  its  supporters  in  many 
of  the  old-fashioned  schools,  and  there  are  men  who  will  read 


loisette's  system  of  memory.  115 

these  lines  who  can  recall,  with  an  itching  sense  of  vivid 
expression,  the  144  lickings  which  were  said  to  go  with  the 
multiplication  table. 

In  default  of  a  thrashing,  however,  the  student  must  cul- 
tivate as  best  he  can  an  intense  fixity  of  perception  upon 
every  fact  or  word  or  date  that  he  wishes  to  make  perma- 
nently his  own.  It  is  easy.  It  is  a  matter  of  habit.  If  you 
will  you  can  photograph  an  idea  upon  your  cerebral  gela- 
tine so  that  neither  years  nor  events  will  blot  it  out  or  over- 
lay it.  You  must  be  clearly  and  distinctly  aware  of  the 
thing  you  are  putting  into  your  mental  treasure-house,  and 
drastically  certain  of  the  cord  by  which  you  have  tied  it  to 
some  other  thing  of  which  you  are  sure.  Unless  it  is  worth 
your  while  to  do  this,  you  might  as  well  abandon  any  hopes 
of  mnemonic  improvement,  which  will  not  come  without  the 
hardest  kind  of  hard  work,  although  it  is  work  that  will 
grow  constantly  easier  with  practice  and  reiteration. 

You  need,  then  : 

1.  Methodic  suggestion. 

2.  Methodic  attention. 

3.  Methodic  reiteration. 

And  this  is  all  there  is  to  Loisette,  and  a  great  deal  it  is. 
Two  of  them  will  not  do  without  the  third.  You  do  not 
know  how  many  steps  there  are  from  your  hall-door  to  your 
bed-room,  though  you  have  attended  to  and  often  reiterated 
the  journey.  But  if  there  are  twenty  of  them,  and  you  have 
once  bound  the  word  "  nice,"  or  "  nose,"  or  "  news,"  or 
"hyenas,"  to  the  fact  of  the  stairway,  you  could  never 
forget  it. 

The  Professor  makes  a  point,  and  very  wisely,  of  the 
importance  of  working  through  some  established  chain,  so 
that  the  whole  may  be  carried  away  in  the  mind — not  alone 
for  the  value  of  the  facts  so  bound  together,  but  for  the 
mental  discipline  so  afforded. 

Here,  then,  is  the  "President  Series,"  which  contains  the 
name  and  the  date  of  inauguration  of  each  President  from 
Washington  to  Cleveland.      The  manner  in  jyhich  it  is  to 


116  ONE  THOUSAND  SECRETS    REVEALED. 

be  mastered  is  this  :  Beginning  at  the  top,  try  to  find  in 
your  mind  some  connection  between  each  word  and  the  one 
following  it.  See  how  you  can  at  some  future  time  make 
one  suggest  the  next,  either  by  suggestion  of  sound  or  sense, 
or  by  mental  juxtaposition.  When  you  have  found  this 
dwell  on  it  attentively  for  a  moment  or  two.  Pass  it  back- 
ward and  forward  before  you,  and  then  go  on  to  the  next 
step. 

The  chain  runs  thus,  the  names  of  the  Presidents  being 
in  small  caps,  the  date  words  in  italics  : 

President Chosen  as  the  first  word  as  the  one  most  apt  to  oc- 
cur to  the  mind  of  any  one  wishing  to  repeat  the 
names  of  the  Presidents. 

Dentist PresiA'^/  and  efe>iiist.. 

Draw What  does  a  dentist  do? 

To  give  up When  something  is  drawn  from  one  it  is  given  up. 

This  is  a  date  phrase  meaning  178^. 

Self-sacrifice There  is  an  association  of  thought  between  giving 

and  self-sacrifice. 

Washington Associate  the  quality  of  self-sacrifice  with  Wash- 
ington's character. 

Morning  wash Washm%x.o\\  and  wash. 

Dew , Early  witness  and  dew. 

Flower  beds Dew  and  flowers. 

Took  a   bouquet Flowers  and  bouquet.    Date  phrase  (1707), 

Garden Bouquet  and  garden. 

Eden The  first  garden. 

Adam Juxtaposition  of  thought. 

Adams Suggestion  by  sound. 

Fall    Juxtaposition  by  thought. 

Failure Fall  and  failure. 

Deficit Upon  a  failure  there  is  usually  a  deficit.    Date 

word  (1801). 

Debt The  consequence  of  a  deficit. 

Bonds Debt  and  bonds. 

Confederate  bonds  ..  SuggesJon  by  meaning. 

Jefferson  Davis.. Juxtaposition  of  thought. 

Jefferson. 

Now  follow  out  the  rest  for  yourself,  taking  about  ten  at  a 
time,  and  binding  those  you  do  last  to  those  you  have  done 
before  each  time,  before  attacking  the  next  bunch. 


LOISRTTi:  S   SYSTEM   OF   MEMORY. 


117 


1 

•» 

a 

Jefferson. 

tlie  frattd 

- 

the  heavy  shell 

Judtife  Jeffreys 

jiainted  clay 

mollusk 

bloody  assize 

l)aked  clay 

unfamiliar  word 

bcTeavenicnt 

tiles 

dictionary 

too  Ju-a7<y  a  sob 

Tyler 

Johnson's 

parental  grief 

Wat  Tyler 

Johnson 

mad  son 

poll  tax 

son 

Madison 

compulsory 

bad  son 

Madeira 

free  ici/l 

dishonest  boy 

first-rate  wine 

free  offering 

thievish  boy 

frustrating 

burnt  offering 

take 

(icfeatwg 

poker 

give 

feet 

Polk 

Grant 

toe  the  line 

end  of  dance 

award 

row 

termination  "  ly  " 

school  premium 

Monroe 

adverb 

examination 

row 

part  of  speech 

cramming 

boat 

part  of  a  man 

ffgging 
laborer 

steamer 

Taylor 

the  funnel 

measurer 

hay  field 

windpipe 

theodolite 

Hayes 

throat 

Tlieophilus 

hazy 

quinzy 
QuiNCY  Adams 

fill  us 

clear 

Fillmore 

vivid 

quince 
fine  fruit 

more  fuel 

brightly  lighted 

the  flame 

camp  fire 

the  fine  boy 

flambeau 

war  field 

sailor  boy 

bow 

Garfield 

sailor 

arrow 

Guiteau 

jack  tar 
Jackson 

Pierce 

murderer 

hurt 

prisoner 

stone  wall 

feeling 

prison  fare 

indomitable 

wound 

halffed 

tough  make 

soldier 

well  fed 

oaken  furniture 

cannon 

well  read 

bureau 

Buchanan 

author 

\'AN  BuREN 

rebuke 

Arthur 

rent 

official  censure 

round  table 

side-splitting 

to  officiate 

tea  table 

divert 

wedding 

tea  cup 

annoy 

linked 

halffull 

harassing 

Lincoln 

divide 

Harrison 

link 

cleave 

Old  Harry 

stroll 

Cleveland 

the  tempter 

sea  shore 

118 


ONE  THOUSAND  SECRETS   REVEALED. 


It  will  be  noted  that  some  of  the  date  words,  as  "free 
>^;ll,"  only  give  three  figures  of  the  date,  845  ;  but  it  is  to  be 
supposed  that  if  the  student  knows  that  many  figures  in 
the  date  of  Polk's  inauguration  he  can  guess  the  other  one. 

The  curious  thing  about  this  system  will  now  become 
apparent.  If  the  reader  has  learned  the  series  so  that  he 
can  say  it  down  from  President  to  Cleveland,  he  can  with 
no  effort,  and  without  any  further  preparation,  say  it  back- 
ward, from  Cleveland  up  to  the  commencement.  There 
could  be  no  better  proof  that  this  is  the  natural  mnemonic 
system.     It  proves  itself  by  its  works. 


1 — wheat 

2— hen 

8 — home 

4 — hair 

6— oil 

6 — shoe 

7— hook 

8-o£E 

9— bee 
10— daisy 
11— tooth 
12— dine 
13— time 
14 — tower 
15— dell 
16— ditch 
17— duck 
18-dove 
19— tabby 
20— hyenas 
21— hand 
22— nun 
23 — name 
24— owner 
25— nail 
26— hinge 
27— ink 
28— knife 
29— knob 
30— ^muse 
31— mayday 

32— hymen 

33 — mama 


0 — hoes 


34 — mare 
35— mill 
36 — image 
37— mug 
38— muff 
39— mob 
40 — race 
41— hart 
42— horn 
43 — army 
44 — warrior 
45 — royal 
46— arch 
47— rock 
48— wharf 
49 — rope 
50 — wheels 
51— lad 
52— lion 
53— lamb 
54— lair 
55— lily 
56— lodge 
57— lake 
58— leaf 
59 — elbow 
60 — chess 
61 — cheat 
62 — chain 
63— sham 
64— chair 
65-ja;: 
66— judge 


67 — jockey 
68 — shave 
69 — ship 
70-eggs 
71— gate 
72— gun 
73 — comb 
74— hawker 
75— coal 
76 — cage 
77— cake 
78 — coffee 
79— cube 
80~vase 
81— feet 
82— vein 
83— fame 
84-fire 
85— vial 
86— fish 
87— fig 
88— fife 
89— fib 
90— pies 
91— putty 
92 — pane 
93-bomb 
94— bier 
95— bell 
96 — peach 
97— book 
98— beef 
99— pope 


100  diocese 


loisette's  system  of  memory.  110 

The  series  should  be  repeated  backward  and  forward 
every  day  for  a  month,  and  should  be  supplemented  by  a 
series  of  the  reader's  own  making,  and  by  this  one,  which 
gives  the  numbers  from  0  to  100,  and  which  must  be  chained 
together  before  they  can  be  learned. 

By  the  use  of  this  table,  which  should  be  committed  as 
thoroughly  as  the  President  series,  so  that  it  can  be  repeated 
backwards  and  forwards,  any  date,  figure  or  number  can  be 
at  once  constructed,  and  bound  by  the  usual  chain  to  the 
fact  which  you  wish  it  to  accompany. 

When  the  student  wishes  to  go  farther  and  attack  larger 
problems  than  the  simple  binding  of  two  facts  together 
there  is  little  in  Loisette's  system  that  is  new,  although  there 
is  much  that  is  good.  If  it  is  a  book  that  is  to  be  learned, 
as  one  would  prepare  for  an  examination,  each  chapter  is  to 
be  considered  separately.  Of  each  ?l precis  is  to  be  written 
in  which  the  writer  must  exercise  all  of  his  ingenuity  to  re- 
duce the  matter  in  hand  to  its  final  skeleton  of  fact.  This 
he  is  to  commit  to  memory  both  by  the  use  of  the  chain  and 
the  old  system  of  interrogation.  Suppose  after  much  labor 
through  a  wide  space  of  language  one  boils  a  chapter  or  an 
event  down  to  the  final  irreducible  sediment :  "Magna 
Charta  was  exacted  by  the  barons  from  King  John  at  Run- 
nymede." 

You  must  now  turn  this  statement  this  way  and  that  way ; 
asking  yourself  about  it  every  possible  and  impossible  ques- 
tion, gravely  considering  the  answers,  and,  if  you  find  any 
part  of  it  especially  difficult  to  remember,  chaining  it  to  the 
question  which  will  bring  it  out.  Thus,  "What  was  exacted 
by  the  barons  from  King  John  at  Runnymede  ?"  "Magna 
Charta."  "By  whom  was  Magna  Charta  exacted  from  King 
John  at  Runnymede  ?"  "By  the  barons."  "From  whom 
was",  etc.,  etc?  "King  John."  "From  what  king,"  etc., 
etc.  ?  "King  John."  "Where  was  Magna  Charta,"  etc., 
etc.  ?     "At  Runnymede." 

And  so  on  and  so  on,  as  long  as  your  ingenuity  can  sug- 
gest questions  to  ask,  or  points  of  view  from  which  to  con- 
sider the  statement.     Your  mind  will  be  finally  saturated 


120  ONE    THOUSAND  SECRETS   REVEALED, 

with  the  information  and  prepared  to  spill  it  out  at  the  first 
squeeze  of  the  examiner.  This,  however,  is  not  new.  It 
was  taught  in  the  schools  hundreds  of  years  before  Loisette 
was  born.  Old  newspaper  men  will  recall  in  connection 
with  it  Horace  Greeley's  statement  that  the  test  of  a  news 
item  was  the  clear  and  satisfactory  manner  in  which  a  re- 
port answered  the  interrogatories,  "What  ?"  "When  ?" 
"Where  ?"  "Who  ?"  "Why  ?" 
In  the  same  way  Loisette  advises  the  learning  of  poetry, 

"The  Assyrian  came  down  like  a  wolf  on  the  fold." 

"Who  came  down  ?" 

"How  did  the  Assyrian  come  down  ?" 

"Like  what  animal  did  ?"  etc. 

And  so  on  and  so  on,  until  the  verses  are  exhausted  of 
every  scrap  of  information  to  be  had  out  of  them  by  the 
most  assiduous  cross-examination. 

Whatever  the  reader  may  think  of  the  availability  or  value 
of  this  part  of  the  system,  there  are  so  many  easily  applic- 
able tests  of  the  worth  of  much  that  Loisette  has  done,  that 
it  may  be  taken  with  the  rest. 

Few  people,  to  give  an  easy  example,  can  remember  the 
value  of  -| — the  ratio  between  the  circumference  and  the 
diameter  of  the  circle — beyond  four  places  of  decimals,  or 
at  most  six — 3.141592+.  Here  is  the  value  to  108  decimal 
places : 

3.  14159265-3589793238-4626433832-7950288419-7169399375-10 
58209749-4459230781-6406286208-998628034S-2534211706-79 
82148086+ 

By  a  very  simple  application  of  the  numerical  letter  val- 
ues these  108  decimal  places  can  be  carried  in  the  mind 
and  recalled  about  as  fast  as  you  can  write  them  down. 
All  that  is  to  be  done  is  to  memorize  these  nonsense  lines: 

Mother  Day  will  buy  any  shawl. 

My  love  pick  up  my  new  muff. 

A  Russian  jeer  may  move  a  woman. 

Cables  enough  for  Utopia. 

Get  a  cheap  ham  pic  by  my  cooley. 


loisette's  system  of  memory,  121 

The  slave  knows  a  bigger  ape. 

1  rarely  hop  on  my  sick  foot. 

Cheer  a  sage  in  a  fashion  safe. 

A  baby  fish  now  views  my  wharf. 

Annually  Mary  Ann  did  kiss  a  jay. 

A  cabby  found  a  rough  savage. 

Now  translate  each  significant  into  its  proper  value  and 
you  have  the  task  accomplished.  "  Mother  Day,"m=S, 
//i=l,  r=4,  </=!,  and  so  on.  Learn  the  lines  one  at  a  time 
by  the  method  of  interrogatories.  "Who  will  buy  any 
shawl  ?"  '•  Which  Mrs.  Day  will  buy  a  shawl  ?  "  "  Is 
Mother  Day  particular  about  the  sort  of  shawl  she  will  buy  ?" 
"  Has  she  bought  a  shawl?  "etc.,  etc.  Then  cement  the 
end  of  each  line  to  the  beginning  of  the  next  one,  thus, 
"  Shawl  "  —  "warm  garment"  —  "warmth"  —  "love  " — "my 
love,"  and  go  on  as  before.  Stupid  as  the  work  may  seem 
to  you,  you  can  memorize  the  figures  in  fifteen  minutes  this 
way  so  that  you  will  not  forget  them  in  fifteen  years.  Simi- 
larly you  can  take  Haydn's  Dictionary  of  Dates  and  turn 
fact  after  fact  into  nonsense  lines  like  these  which  you  can- 
not lose. 

And  this  ought  to  be  enough  to  show  anybody  the  whole 
art.  If  you  look  back  across  the  sands  of  time  and  find  out 
that  it  is  that  ridiculous  old  "Thirty  days  hath  September" 
which  comes  to  you  when  you  are  trying  to  think  of  the 
length  of  October — if  you  can  quote  your  old  prosody, 

"  O  datur  ambiguis,"  etc. 

vvith  much  more  certainty  than  you  can  serve  up  your  Hor- 
ace ;  if  in  fine,  jingles  and  alliterations,  wise  and  otherwise, 
have  stayed  with  you,  while  solid  and  serviceable  informa- 
tion has  faded  away,  you  may  be  certain  that  here  is  the 
key  to  the  enigma  of  memory. 

You  can  apply  it  yourself  in  a  hundred  ways.  If  you 
wish  to  clinch  in  your  mind  the  fact  that  Mr.  Love  lives  at 
485  Dearborn  Street,  what  is  more  easy  than  to  turn  485  into 
the  word  "  rifle "  and  chain  the  ideas  together,  say  thus : 
"  Love  —  happiness  —  good   time  —  picnic  —  forest  —  wood 


122  ONE  THOUSAND  SECRETS  REVEALED. 

rangers — range — rifle   range  —  rifle  —  fine   weapon  —  costly 
weapon — dearly  bought — Dearborn. 

Or  if  you  wish  to  remember  Mr.  Bowman's  name,  and  you 
notice  he  has  a  mole  on  his  face  which  is  apt  to  attract  your 
attention  when  you  next  see  him,  cement  the  ideas  thus : 
"Mole,  mark,  target,  archer,  Bowman." 


FACTS  WORTH   KNOWING. 


FACTS  WORTH  KNOWING. 

Handy  Facts  to  Settle  Many  Arguments. 

London  plague  in  1665. 

Telephone  invented  1861. 

There  are  2,750  languages. 

Two  persons  die  every  second. 

Sound  moves  743  miles  per  hour. 

Chinese  invented  paper  170  B.  C. 

A  square  mile  contains  640  acres. 

A  barrel  of  pork  weighs  200  pounds. 

Hawks  can  fly  150  miles  in  one  hour. 

Watches  were  first  constructed  in  1476. 

Chinese  in  United  States  in  1880, 105,613. 

Rome  was  founded  by  Romulus,  752  B.  C. 

Gold  was  discovered  in  California  in  1848. 

Phonograph  invented  by  T.  A.  Edison,  1877. 

The  first  baloon  ascended  from  Lyons,  France,  1783. 

The  first  fire  insurance  office  in  America,  Boston,  1724. 

Jet  is  found  along  the  coast  of  Yorkshire,  Eng.,  near 
Whitby. 

Napoleon  I,  crowned  emperor  1804 ;  died  at  St.  Helena, 
1820. 

Electric  light  invented  by  Lodyguin  and  Kosslo£f,  at  Lon- 
don, 1874. 

Harvard  is  the  oldest  college  in  the  United  States  ;  estab- 
lished 1638. 

War  declared  with  Great  Britian,  June  19, 1812 ;  peace 
Feb.  18,  1815. 

Until  1776  cotton  spinning  was  performed  by  the  hand 
spinning-wheel. 

Measure  209  feet  on  each  side  and  you  will  have  a  square 
acre  within  an  inch. 

Postage  stamps  first  came  into  use  in  England  in  the  year 
1840;  in  the  United  States,  in  1847. 

The  highest  range  of  mountains  are  the  Himalayas,  the 

mean  elevation  being  from  16,000  to  18,000  feet 

124 


PACTS  WORTH  KNOWING.  125 

Envelopes  were  first  used  in  1839. 

Telescopes  were  invented  in  1590. 

Iron  horseshoes  were  made  in  481. 

A  barrel  of  flour  weighs  196  pounds. 

A  hand  (horse  measure)  is  four  inches. 

A  rifle  ball  moves  1,000  miles  per  hour. 

First  steamer  crossed  the  Atlantic,  1819. 

Assassination  of  Lincoln,  April  14,  1865. 

German  empire  re-established,  Jan.  18,  1871. 

Storm  clouds  move  thirty-six  miles  an  hour. 

First  subscription  library,  Philadelphia,  1731. 

Dark  Ages,  from  the  6th  to  the  14th  century. 

The  Latin  tongue  became  obsolete  about  580. 

The  great  London  fire  occurred  Sept.  26,  1666. 

The  value  of  a  ton  of  pure  gold  is  $602,799.21. 

Ether  was  first  used  for  surgical  purposes  in  1844, 

Ignatius  Loyola  founded  the  order  of  Jesuits,  1541. 

First  authentic  use  of  organs,  755  ;  in  England,  951. 

The  first  newspaper  advertisement  appeared  in  1652. 

Cork  is  the  bark  taken  from  a  species  of  the  oak  tree. 

Benjamin  Franklin  used  the  first  lightning  rods,  1752. 

Glass  windows  (colored)  were  used  in  the  8th  century. 

Authentic  history  of  China  commenced  3,000  years  B.  C. 

Introduction  of  homoeopathy  into  the  United  States,  1825k 

Spectacles  were  invented  by  an  Italian  in  the  13th  cen. 
lury. 

Medicine  was  introduced  into  Rome  from  Greece,  200 
B.  C. 

First  electric  telegraph,  Paddington  to  Brayton,  Eng., 
1835. 

The  Chaldeans  were  the  first  people  who  worked  In 
metals. 

First  life  insurance,  in  London,  1772  ;  in  America,  Phila. 
delphia,  I8l2. 

Egyptian  pottery  is  the  oldest  known  ;  dates  from  2,000 
B.  C. 

Julius  Csesar  invaded  Britain,  55  B.  C;  assassinated,  44 
B.  C. 


126  ONE   THOUSAND  SECRETS  REVEALttO. 

Soap  was  first  manufactured  in  England  in  the  16th  cen- 
tury. 

The  largest  free  territorial  government  is  the  United 
States. 

First  photographs  produced  in  England,  1802;  perfected, 
1841. 

First  marine  insurance,  A.  D.  533 ;  England,  1598  ;  Amer- 
ica, 1721. 

Professor  Oersted,  Copenhagen,  discovered  electro-mag- 
netism, in  1819. 

First  American  express,  New  York  to  Boston — W.  F. 
Harnden. 

Glass  windows  were  first  introduced  into  England  in  the 
8th  century. 

Chicago  is  little  more  than  fifty  years  old,  and  is  the  eigh- 
teenth city  of  the  world. 

Glass  was  made  in  Egypt,  3,000  B.  C;  earliest  date  o! 
ffransparent  glass,  719  B.  C. 

First  public  schools  in  America  were  established  in  the 
New  England  States  about  1642. 

The  largest  inland  sea  is  the  Caspian,  between  Europe 
and  Asia,  being  700  miles  long  and  270  miles  wide. 

The  term  "Almighty  Dollar"  originated  with  Washing, 
ton  Irving,  as  a  satire  on  the  American  love  for  gain. 

The  highest  natural  bridge  in  the  world  is  at  Rockbridge, 
Virginia,  being  200  feet  high  to  the  bottom  of  the  arch. 

The  largest  circulation  of  paper  money  is  that  of  the 
United  States,  being  700  millions,  while  Russia  has  670 
millions. 

The  largest  insurance  company  in  the  world  is  the  Mu, 
tual  Life  of  New  York  City,  having  cash  assets  of  $108,- 
000,000, 

The  largest  empire  in  the  world  is  that  of  Great  Britain, 
being  8,557,658  square  miles,  and  more  than  a  sixth  part  of 
the  globe. 

The  first  electrical  signal  ever  transmitted  between 
Europe  and  America  passed  over  the  Field  submarine  cable 
on  Aug.  5, 1858. 


PACTS   WORTH    KNOWING.  127 

The  longest  tunnel  in  the  world  is  St.  Gothard,  on  the 
line  of  the  railroad  between  Luzerne  and  Milan,  being  9)^ 
miles  in  length. 

The  loftiest  active  volcano  is  Popocatapetl.  It  is  17,784 
feet  high,  and  has  a  crater  three  miles  in  circumference  and 
1,000  feet  deep. 

Burnt  brick  were  known  to  have  been  used  in  building  the 
Tower  of  Babel.  They  were  introduced  into  England  by 
the  Romans. 

The  most  remarkable  echo  known  is  that  in  the  castle  of 
Simonetta,  two  miles  from  Milan.  It  repeats  the  echo  of  a 
pistol  sixty  times. 

The  largest  volcano  in  the  world  is  Etna.  Its  base  is  90 
miles  in  circumference  ;  its  cone  11,000  feet  high.  Its  first 
eruption  occurred  474  B.  C. 

The  largest  tree  in  the  world,  as  yet  discovered,  is  in  Tu- 
lare County,  Calif(jrnia.  It  is  275  feet  high,  and  lOO  feet  ir» 
circumference  at  its  base. 

The  largest  desert  is  Sahara,  in  Northern  Africa,  Its 
length  is  3,000  miles  and  breadth  900  miles;  having  an  area 
of  2,000,000  square  miles. 

The  largest  suspension  bridge  is  in  Brooklyn.  The  length 
of  the  main  span  is  lJA)b  feet  (i  inches.  The  entire  length 
of  the  bridge  is  5,9«9  feet. 

The  first  deaf  and  dumb  asylum  was  founded  in  Eng- 
land, by  Thomas  Braidwood,  17(50;  and  the  first  in  the 
United  States  was  at  Hartford,  1817. 

The  largest  diamond  in  the  world  is  the  Braganza,  being 
a  part  of  the  Portuguese  jewels.  It  weighs  1,880  carats.  It 
was  found  in  Brazil  in  1741. 

The  grade  of  titles  in  Great  Britain  stands  in  the  follow- 
ing order  from  the  highest :  A  Prince,  Duke,  Marquis, 
Earl,  Viscount,  Baron,  Baronet,  Knight. 

The  largest  number  of  cattle  ever  received  in  one  year 
was  that  of  Chicago  in  the  year  1884,  being  1,874,984  beeves, 
30,223  calves,  5,640,625  hogs,  749,917  sheep,  and  15,625 
horses.  It  required  9,000  trains  of  81  cars  each,  which,  if 
coupled  together,  would  reach  2,146  miles. 


l28  ONE  THOUSAND  SECRETS  REVEALED. 

The  ''Valley  of  Death,"  in  the  island  of  Java,  is  simply 
the  crater  of  an  extinct  volcano,  tilled  with  carbonic-acid 
gas.     It  is  half  a  mile  in  circumference. 

The  city  of  Amsterdam,  Holland,  is  built  upon  piles  driven 
into  the  ground.  It  is  intersected  by  numerous  canals, 
crossed  by  nearly  three  hundred  bridges. 

Coal  was  used  as  fuel  in  England  as  early  as  852,  and  in 
1234  the  first  charter  to  dig  for  it  was  granted  by  Henry 
III.  to  the  inhabitants  of  Newcastle-on-Tyne. 

Tobacco  was  discovered  in  San  Domingo  in  1496  ;  after- 
wards by  the  Spaniards  in  Yucatan  in  1520.  It  was  intro- 
duced in  France  in  1560,  and  into  England  in  1583. 

The  present  national  colors  of  the  United  States  were  not 
adopted  by  congress  until  1777.  The  flag  was  first  used  by 
Washington  at  Cambridge,  January  1,  1776. 

Paris  was  known  as  Lutetia  until  1184,  when  the  name  of 
the  great  French  Capital  was  changed  to  that  which  it  has 
borne  ever  since. 

The  longest  span  of  wire  in  the  world  is  used  for  a  tele- 
graph in  India  over  the  river  Ristuah.  It  is  over  (5,000  feet, 
and  is  stretched  between  two  hills,  1,200  feet  high. 

The  largest  library  in  the  world  is  in  Paris,  founded  by 
Louis  XIV.  It  contains  1,400,000  volumes,  175,000  manu- 
scripts, 300,000  maps  and  charts,  and  150,000  coins  and 
medals. 

The  tallest  man  was  John  Hale,  of  Lancashire,  England, 
who  was  nine  feet  six  inches  in  height.  His  hand  was 
seventeen  inches  long  and  eight  and  one-half  inches  broad. 

In  round  numbers,  the  weight  of  $1,000,000  in  standard 
gold  coin  is  1^  tons;  standard  silver  coin,  26^  tons  ;  sub- 
suliary  silver  coin,  25  tons;  minor  coins,  5-cent  nickel,  100 
tons. 

The  largest  stationary  engine  in  the  world  is  at  the  zinc 
mines  at  Friedenville,  Penn.  The  number  of  gallons  of 
water  raised  every  minute  is  17,500.  The  driving  wheels 
are  35  feet  diameter  and  weigh  40  too*  each.  The  cylindw 
is  110  inches  in  diameter. 


FACTS   WORTH    KNOWING.  129 

The  part  of  United  States  territory  most  recently  ac- 
quired is  the  island  of  San  Juan,  near  Vancouver's  Island. 
It  was  evacuated  by  England  at  the  close  of  Novem- 
ber, 1873. 

The  highest  monument  in  the  world  is  the  Washing- 
ton monument,  being  555  feet.  The  highest  structure  of 
any  kind  is  the  Eiffel  Tower,  Paris,  finished  in  1889  and  989 
feet  high. 

It  is  claimed  that  crows,  eagles,  ravens  and  swans  live  to 
be  100  years  old;  herons,  59;  parrots,  60;  pelicans  and  geese, 
50;  skylarks,  30;  sparrow  hawks,  40;  peacocks,  canaries 
and  cranes.  24. 

The  greatest  cataract  in  the  world  is  Niagara,  the  height 
of  the  American  falls  being  165  feet.  The  highest  fall  of 
water  in  the  world  is  that  of  the  Yosemite  in  California,  be- 
ing 2,550  feet. 

The  most  ancient  catacombs  are  those  of  the  Theban 
kings,  begun  4,000  years  ago.  The  catacombs  of  Rome  con- 
tain the  remains  of  about  6,000,000  human  beings;  those  of 
Paris,  3,000,000. 

The  quickest  passage  ever  made  across  the  Atlantic  was 
that  of  the  steamer  Lucania,  of  the  Cunard  line,  heing5  days 
7  hours  and  23  minutes  from  New  York  to  Queenstown  ; 
the  distance  being  2,850  miles. 

There  has  been  no  irregularity  in  the  recurrence  of  leap 
year  every  four  years  since  1800,  and  will  be  none  until 
1900,  which  will  be  a  common  year,  although  it  will  come 
fourth  after  the  preceding  leap  year. 

The  first  English  newspaper  was  the  Etiglisk  Mercury, 
issued  in  the  reign  of  Queen  Elizabeth,  and  was  issued  in 
the  shape  of  a  pamphlet.  The  Gazette  of  Venice  was  the 
original  model  of  the  modern  newspaper. 

The  Mormon  Church  in  Utah  shows  a  membership  of 
127,294—23,000  families.  The  church  has  12  apostles,  58 
patriarchs,  3,885  seventies,  3,153  high  priests,  11,000  elders, 
1,500  bishops,  and  4,400  deacons,  being  an  office  for  each  six 
persons. 


130  ONE  THOUSAND  SECRETS  REVEALED 

A  "monkey  wrench"  is  not  so  named  because  it  is  a 
handy  thing  to  monkey  with,- or  for  any  kindred  reason. 
"  Monkey  "  is  not  its  name  at  all,  but  "  Moncky."  Charles 
Moncky,  the  inventor  of  it,  sold  his  patent  for  $2,000,  and 
invested  the  money  in  a  house  in  Williamsburg,  King's 
County,  N.  Y.,  where  he  now  lives. 

The  Union  arch  of  the  Washington  Aqueduct  is  the 
largest  in  the  world,  being  220  feet ;  20  feet  in  excess  of  the 
Chester  arch  across  the  Dee  in  England,  68  feet  longer  than 
that  of  the  London  Bridge ;  92  feet  longer  than  that  at  Neuilly 
on  the  Seine,  and  100  feet  longer  than  that  of  Waterloo 
Bridge.    The  height  of  the  Washington  arch  is  100  feet. 

The  largest  ship  ever  built,  the  Great  Eastern,  recently 
broken  to  pieces  and  sold  to  junk  dealers,  was  designed  and 
constructed  by  Scott  Russell,  at  Maxwell,  on  the  Thames. 
Work  on  the  giant  vessel  was  commenced  in  May,  1854. 
She  was  successfully  launched  January  13,  1858.  The 
launching  alone  occupied  the  time  from  November  3,  1857, 
until  the  date  above  given.  Her  total  length  was  600  feet ; 
breadth,  118  feet  ;  total  weight  when  launched  12,000  tons. 
Her  first  trip  of  any  consequence  was  made  to  New  York  in 
1859-60. 

The  most  extensive  mines  in  the  world  are  those  of  Frei- 
berg, Saxony.  They  were  begun  in  the  twelfth  century,  and 
in  1835  the  galleries,  taken  collectively,  had  reached  the 
unprecedented  length  of  123  miles.  A  new  gallery,  begun 
in  1838,  had  reached  a  length  of  eight  miles  at  the  time  of 
the  census  of  1878.  The  deepest  perpendicular  mining 
shaft  in  the  world  is  located  at  Prizilram,  Bohemia.  It  is  a 
lead  mine  ;  it  was  begun  1832.  January,  1880,  it  was  3,280 
feet  deep.  The  deepest  coal  mine  in  the  world  is  near 
Tourney,  Belgium  ;  it  is  3,542  feet  in  depth,  but,  unlike  the 
lead  mine  mentioned  above,  it  is  not  perpendicular.  The 
deepest  rock-salt  bore  in  the  world  is  near  Berlin,  Prussia  ; 
it  is  4,185  feet  deep.  The  deepest  hole  ever  bored  into  the 
earth  is  the  artesian  well  at  Pottsdam,  which  is  5,500  feet  in 
depth.  The  deepest  coal  mines  in  England  are  the  Dun- 
kirk collieries  of  Lancashire,  which  are  2,824  feet  in  depth. 


FACTS  WORTH   KNOWING.  131 

The  deepest  coal  shaft  in  the  United  States  is  located  at 
Pottsville,  Pa.  In  1885  it  had  reached  a  depth  of  1,576  feet. 
From  this  great  depth  400  cars,  holding  four  tons  each,  are 
hoisted  daily.  The  deepest  silver  mine  in  the  United  States 
is  the  Yellow  Jacket,  one  of  the  great  Comstock  system  at 
Virginia  City,  Nevada  ;  the  lower  levels  are  2,700  feet 
below  the  hoisting  works. 

FATE  OF  THE  APOSTLES.— The  following  brief  his- 
tory of  the  fate  of  the  Apostles  may  be  new  to  those  whose 
reading  has  not  been  evangelical. 

St.  Matthew  is  supposed  to  have  suffered  martyrdom  or 
was  slain  with  the  sword  at  the  city  of  Ethiopia. 

St.  Mark  was  dragged  through  the  streets  of  Alexandria, 
in  Egypt,  till  he  expired. 

St.  Luke  was  hanged  upon  an  olive  tree  in  Greece. 

St.  John  was  put  into  a  caldron  of  boiling  oil  at  Rome  and 
escaped  death.  He  afterward  died  a  natural  death  at  Ephe- 
sus  in  Asia. 

St.  James  the  Great  was  beheaded  at  Jerusalem. 

St.  James  the  Less  was  thrown  from  a  pinnacle  or  wing 
of  the  temple  and  then  beaten  to  death  with  a  fuller's  club. 

St.  Philip  was  hanged  up  against  a  pillar  at  Hieropolis,  a 
city  of  Phrygia. 

St.  Bartholomew  was  flayed  alive  by  the  command  of  a 
barbarous  king. 

St.  Andrew  was  bound  to  a  cross,  whence  he  preached 
unto  the  people  until  he  expired. 

St.  Thomas  was  run  through  the  body  with  a  lance  at 
Caromandel,  in  the  East  Indias. 

St.  Jude  was  shot  to  death  with  arrows. 

St.  Simon  Zealot  was  crucified  in  Persia. 

St.  Matthias  was  first  stoned  and  then  beheaded. 

St.  Barnabas  was  stoned  to  death  by  Jews  at  Salania. 

St.  Paul  was  beheaded  at  Rome  by  the  tyrant  Nero. 

The  capital  of  the  United  States  has  been  located  at  dif- 
ferent times  at  the  following  places  :  At  Philadelphia  from 
Sept.  5,  1774,  until  Dec,  1776  ;  at  Baltimore  from  Dec.  20. 


182  ONE  THOUSAND    SECRETS  REVEALED. 

1776,  to  March,  1777  ;  at  Philadelphia  from  March  4,  1777, 
to  Sept.,  1777;  at  Lancaster,  Pa.,  from  Sept.  27,1777,  to 
Sept.  30,  1777 ;  at  York,  Pa.,  from  Sept.  30,  1777,  to  July, 
1778 ;  at  Philadelphia  from  July  2,  1778,  to  June  30,  1783 ; 
at  Princeton,  N.  J.,  June  30.  1783,  to  Nov.  20,  1783  ;  Annap- 
olis, Md.,  Nov.  26,  1783,  to  Nov.  30,  1784  ;  Trenton,  from 
Nov.  1784  to  Jan.,  1785  ;  New  York  from  Jan.,  11,  1785,  to 
1790;  then  the  seat  of  government  was  removed  to  Phila- 
delphia where  it  remained  until  1800,  since  which  time  it 
has  been  in  Washington. 

THE   SINGLE   TAX. 

This  idea  was  first  formulated  by  Mr.  Henry  George  in 
1879,  and  has  grown  steadily  in  favor.  Single  tax  men  assert  as 
a  fundamental  principle  that  all  men  are  equally  entitled  to 
the  use  of  the  earth  ;  therefore  no  one  should  be  allowed  to 
hold  valuable  land  without  paying  to  the  community  the 
value  of  the  privilege.  They  hold  that  this  is  the  only 
rightful  source  of  public  revenue,  and  they  would  therefore 
abolish  all  taxation — local,  State  and  national — except  a  tax 
upon  the  rental  value  of  land  exclusive  of  its  improve- 
ments, the  revenue  thus  raised  to  be  divided  among  local. 
State  and  general  governments,  as  the  revenue  from  certain 
direct  taxes  is  now  divided  between  local  and  State  gov- 
ernments. 

The  single  tax  would  not  fall  on  all  land,  but  only  on 
valuable  land,  and  on  that  in  proportion  to  its  value.  It 
would  thus  be  a  tax,  not  on  use  or  improvements,  but  on 
ownership  of  land,  taking  what  would  otherwise  go  to  the 
landlord  as  owner. 

In  accordance  with  the  principle  that  all  men  are  equally 
entitled  to  the  use  of  the  earth,  they  would  solve  the  trans- 
portation problem  by  public  ownership  and  control  of  all 
highways,  including  the  roadbeds  of  railroads,  leaving  their 
use  equally  free  to  all. 

The  single  tax  system  would,  they  claim,  dispense  with  a 
hoard  of  tax-gatherers,  simplify  government,  and  greatly 
reduce  its  cost ;  give  us  with  all  the  world  that  absolute  free 


FACTS   WORTH    KNCJWING. 


133 


trade  which  now  exists  between  the  States  of  the  Union  ; 
abolish  ail  taxes  on  private  issues  of  money  ;  take  the  weight 
of  taxation  from  agricultural  districts,  where  land  has  little 
or  no  value  apart  from  improvements,  and  put  it  upon  valu- 
able land,  such  as  city  lots  and  mineral  deposits.  It  would 
call  upon  men  to  contribute  for  public  expenses  in  propor- 
tion to  the  natural  opportunities  they  monopolize,  and  make 
it  unprofitable  for  speculators  to  hold  land  unused,  or  only 
partly  used,  thus  opening  to  labor  unlimited  fields  of  employ- 
ment, solving  the  labor  problem  and  abolishing  involuntary 
poverty. 

VALUE   OF   FOREIGN   COINS. 

Proclaimed  by  Law,  January  1,  1891. 


Country. 


Argentine  Repub'c 

Austria 

Belgium 

Bolivia 

Brazil 

Canada 

Chili 

China 

Cuba 

Denmark 

Ecuador 

Egypt  

France 

Great  Britain 

Greece  .  

German  Empire.. . . 

Hayti 

India 

Italy 

Japan  

Liberia   

Mexico 

Netherlands 

Norway  

Peru   

Portugal 

Russia -  . 

Sandwich  Islands. . 

Spain 

Sweden 

Switzerland 

Tripoli 

Turkey 

U.  S  of  Columbia. . 
Venezuela 


Monetary  Unit 


Peso 

Florin 

Franc 

Boliviano.. 
Milreis.  ... 
Dollar.  ... 

Peso 

Tael 

Peso 

Crown . 

Peso 

Piaster 

Franc  

Pound  St'g 
Drachma.. 

Mark 

Gourde . . . 

Rupee 

Lira 

Yen 

Dollar 

Dollar 

Florin 

Crown .... 
Sol 

Milreis 

Rouble 

Dollar 

Peseta.  . . . 
Crown.    .. 

Franc 

Mahbub.  . . 
Piaster 

Peso 

Bolivar 


Standard. 


Gold  and  silver. . 

Silver 

Gold  and  silver. . 

Silver 

Gold 

Gold  

Gold  and  Silver.. 

Silver 

Gold  and  Silver. . 

Gold 

Silver 

Gold   

Gold  and  silver. . 

Gold. 

Gold  and  Silver. . 

Gold. 

Gold  and  silver. . 

Silver 

Gold  and  silver. . 

Silver 

Gold 

Silver 

Gold  and  Silver. 
Gold. 

Silver , 

Gold 

Silver 

Gold. 

Gold  and  Silver.. 

Gold 

Gold  and  silver. . 

Silver..  

Gold 

Silver 

Gold  and  silver. . 


Value  in 
U.  S.  Money, 


96  5-10 
38  1-10 
19  3-10 
77  1-10 
54  6-10 
1  00 

91  2-10 
1  27 

92  6-10 
26  8-10 
77  1  10 


04  9 
19  3 
86  6 
19  3 
23  8 
98  5 


35  6-10 


19  3 
85 

1  CO 
83 
40  2 
26  8 
77  1 

1  08 
61  7- 

1  00 
19  3 
26  8 
19  3 
69  5 
04  4 
79  5 
15  4 


10 

10 

100 

10 

10 

10 


134  ONE  THOUSAND  SECRETS   REVEALED. 

The  largest  producing  farm  in  the  world  lies  in  the  south, 
west  corner  of  Louisiana,  owned  by  a  northern  syndicate. 
It  runs  one  hundred  miles  north  and  south.  The  im- 
mense  tract  is  divided  into  convenient  pastures,  with  stations 
of  ranches  every  six  miles.  The  fencing  alone  cost  nearly 
$50,000. 

The  "  Seven  Wonders  of  the  "World "  are  seven  most 
remarkable  objects  of  the  ancient  world.  They  are  :  The 
Pyramids  of  Egypt, "Pharos  of  Alexandria,  Walls  and  Hang- 
ing Gardens  of  Babylon,  Temple  of  Diana  at  Ephesus,  the 
Statue  of  the  Olympian  Jupiter,  Mausoleum  of  Artemisia, 
and  Colossus  of  Rhodes. 

The  seven  sages  flourished  in  Greece  in  the  6th  century 
B.  C.  They  were  renowned  for  their  maxims  of  life,  and 
as  the  authors  of  the  mottoes  inscribed  in  the  Delphian  Tem- 
ple. Their  names  are  :  Solon,  Chilo,  Pittacus,  Bias,  Perian- 
der,  Cleobolus,  and  Thales. 

The  estimated  number  of  Christians  in  the  world  is  over 
408,000,000 ;  of  Buddhists,  420,000,000 ;  of  the  followers  of 
Brahma,  180,000,000;  of  Mohammedans,  150,000,000;  of 
Jews,  8,000,000 ;  of  atheists,  deists,  and  infidels,  85,000,000; 
of  pagans,  50,000,000,  and  of  the  1,100  other  minor  creeds, 
123,000,000. 

In  1775  there  were  only  twenty-seven  newspapers  pub- 
lished in  the  United  States.  Ten  years  later,  in  17S5,  there 
were  seven  published  in  the  English  language  in  Philadel- 
phia alone,  of  which  one  was  a  daily.  The  oldest  news- 
paper published  in  Philadelphia  at  the  time  of  the  Federal 
convention  was  the  Penfisylvatiia  Gazette,  established  by 
Samuel  Keimer,  in  1728.  The  second  newspaper  in  point 
of  age  was  the  Petmsylvattia  Jottrnal,  established  in  1742  by 
William  Bradford,  whose  uncle,  Andrew  Bradford,  estab- 
lished the  first  newspaper  in  Pennsylvania,  the  American 
Weekly  Mercury,  in  1719.  The  next  in  age,  but  the  first  in 
importance,  was  the  Pefntsylvania  Packet,  established  by 
John  Dunlop  in  1771.  In  1784  it  became  a  daily,  being  the 
first  daily  newspaper  printed  on  this  continent. 


GEMS   OF  THOUGHT. 


Poor  Richard's  Almanac 


BY 


Benjamin  Franklin. 


m 


POOR  RICHARD'S  ALMANAC. 


Courteous  Reader: 

I  have  heard  that  nothing  gives  an  author  so  great  pleasure 
as  to  find  his  works  respectfully  quoted  by  other  learned 
authors.  This  pleasure  I  have  seldom  enjoyed.  For  though 
I  have  been,  if  I  may  say  it  without  vanity,  an  eminent  au- 
thor of  Abnanacs  annually  now  for  a  full  quarter  of  a  cen- 
tury, my  brother  authors  in  the  same  way,  for  what  reason  I 
know  not,  have  ever  been  very  sparing  in  their  applauses; 
and  no  other  author  has  taken  the  least  notice  of  me;  so  that 
did  not  my  writings  produce  me  some  solid  pudding,  the 
great  deficiency  of  praise  would  have  quite  discouraged  me. 

I  concluded  at  length  that  the  people  were  the  best  judges 
of  my  merit,  for  they  buy  my  works;  and  besides,  in  my 
rambles  where  I  am  not  personally  known,!  have  frequently 
heard  one  or  other  of  my  adages  repeated,  with  as  Poor 
Richard  says  at  the  end  of  it.  This  gave  me  some  satisfac- 
tion, as  it  showed,  not  only  that  my  instructions  were 
regarded,  but  discovered  likewise  some  respect  for  my 
authority;  and  I  own  that  to  encourage  the  practice  of 
remembering  and  repeating  those  sentences,  I  have  some- 
times quoted  myself  with  great  gravity. 

Judge,  then,  how  much  I  must  have  been  gratified  by  an 
incident  I  am  going  to  relate  to  you  I  stopped  my  horse 
lately  where  a  great  number  of  peopl ;  were  collected  at  a 
vendue  of  merchant's  goods.  The  hour  of  sale  not  being 
come,  they  were  conversing  on  the  badness  of  the  times; 
and  one  of  the  company  called  to  a  plain,  clean  old  man 
with  white  locks,  "Pray,  Father  Abraham,  what  think  you  of 
the  times?  Won't  these  heavy  taxes  quite  ruin  the  country? 
How  shall  we  ever  be  able  to  pay  them?  What  would  you 
advise  us  to?"  Father  Abraham  stood  up  and  replied:  "If 
you  would  have  my  advice,  I  will  give  it  you  in  short;  for 
A  ivorcl  to  the  wise  is  enough,  and  Many  words  won't  fill  a 
bushel,  as  Poor  Richard  says."  They  all  joined,  desiring 
him  to  speak  his  mind,  and  gathering  round  him  he  pro' 
ceeded  as  follows: 

136 


GEMS  OF  THOUGHT.  137 

Friends,  says  he,  and  neighbors,  the  taxes  are  indeed  very 
heavy,  and  if  those  laid  on  by  the  government  were  the  only 
ones  we  had  to  pay,  we  might  the  more  easily  discharge 
them;  but  we  have  many  others,  and  much  more  grievous  to 
some  of  us.  We  are  taxed  twice  as  much  by  our  idleness, 
three  times  as  much  by  our  pride,  and  four  times  as  much 
by  our  folly;  and  from  these  taxes  the  commissioners  can- 
not ease  or  deliver  us,  by  allowing  an  abatement.  However, 
let  us  hearken  to  good  advice,  and  something  may  be  done 
for  us;  Ood  helps  them  tluit  lielp  themselves,  as  Poor  Richard 
says  in  his  Almnnac  of  1733. 

It  would  be  thought  a  hard  government  that  should  tax  its 
people  one  tenth  part  of  their  time,  to  be  employed  in  its 
service,  but  idleness  taxes  many  of  us  much  more,  if  we 
reckon  all  that  is  spent  in  absolute  sloth,  or  doing  of  nothing, 
with  that  which  is  spent  in  idle  employments  or  amusements 
that  amount  to  nothing.  Sloth,  by  bringing  on  disease,  ab- 
solutely shortens  life.  SloUi,  llkerust,  consumes  faster  than 
labor  wears;  ichile  the  used  key  is  always  brUjht,  as  Poor 
Richard  says.  But  dost  thou  love  life?  Then  do  not  squander 
time,  for  thaVs  the  stuff  life  is  made  of,  as  Poor  Richard 
says. 

How  much  more  that  is  necessary  do  we  spend  in  sleep? 
forgetting  that  the  sleeping  fox  catches  no  poultry,  and  that 
t/iere  will  he  sleeping  enough  in  the  grave,  as  Poor  Richard 
says.  If  time  be  of  all  things  the  most  precious,  x<;asti?i(7  of 
time  must  be,  as  Poor  Richard  says,  the  greatest  prodigality ; 
since,  as  he  elsewhere  tells  us,  lost  time  is  never  foimd  again; 
and  what  we  call  time  enough!  always  proves  little  enough. 
Let  us  then  up  and  be  doing,  and  doing  to  the  purpose;  so, 
by  diligence,  shall  we  do  more  with  less  perplexitJ^  Sloth 
makes  all  things  difficult,  but  industry  all  things  easy,  as 
Poor  Richard  says;  and  He  that  riseth  latemust  trot  all  day, 
arid  shall  scarce  overtake  his  business  at  night;  while  lazi- 
ness travels  so  slowly  that  Ptyvcrty  soon  overtakes  liim,  as  we 
read  in  Poor  Richard;  who  adds.  Drive  thy  business!  let  not 
that  drive  thee!  and 

Early  to  bed  and  early  to  rise 

Makes  a  man  healthy,  wealthy  and  wise. 


188  ONE  THOUSAND  SECRETS  REVEALED. 

Sc  \vhat  signifies  ivishing  and  hoping  for  better  times? 
We  may  make  these  times  better  if  we  bestir  ourselves. 
Industry  need  not  wish,  as  Poor  Richard  says,  and  He  that 
lives  on  hope  ivill  die  fastiiig.  There  are  no  gains  ivithout 
pains;  then  help,  hands!  for  I  have  no  lands;  or  if  I  have 
they  are  smartly  taxed.  And,  as  Poor  Richard  likewise  ob- 
serves, He  that  hath  a.  trade  hath  an  estate,  and  he  thai  hath 
a  calling  hath  an  office  of  profit  and  honor;  but  then  the 
trade  must  be  worked  at,  <ind  the  calling  well  followed,  or 
neither  the  estate  nor  the  office  will  enable  us  to  pay  our 
taxes.  If  we  are  industrious  we  shall  never  starve;  for,  as 
Poor  Richard  says.  At  the  ivorking-man's  house  hunger  looks 
in,  but  dares  not  enter.  Nor  will  the  bailiff  or  the  const-^ble 
enter,  fos  Industry  pays  debts,  ivhile  despair  increaseth 
them. 

What  though  you  have  found  no  treasure,  nor  has  any  rich 
relation  left  you  a  legacy,  Diligence  is  the  mother  of  good 
luck,  as  Poor  Richard  says,  and  Ood  gives  all  things  to 
industry. 

Then  plough  deep  while  sluggards  sleep, 
And  you  shall  have  corn  to  sell  and  to  keep, 

says  Poor  Dick.  Work  while  it  is  called  to-day,  for  you 
know  not  how  much  you  may  be  hindered  to-morrow;  which 
makes  Poor  Richard  say,  0?ie  to-day  is  ivorth  two  to-morroivs ; 
and  farther.  Have  you  somewhat  to  do  to-morrow?  Do  it 
to-day! 

If  you  were  a  servant,  would  you  not  be  ashamed  that  a 
good  master  should  catch  you  idle?  Are  you  then  your  own 
master?  Be  ashamed  to  catch  yourself  idle,  as  Poor  Dick 
says.  When  there  is  so  much  to  be  done  for  yourself,  your 
family,  your  country,  and  your  gracious  king,  be  up  by  peep 
of  day!  Let  not  the  sun  look  down  and  say,  "Inglorious 
here  he  lies!"  Handle  your  tools  without  mittens!  remem- 
ber that  The  cat  in  gloves  catches  no  mice!  as  Poor  Richard 
says. 

'T  is  true  there  is  much  to  be  done,  and  perhaps  you  are 
weak-handed;  but  stick  to  it  steadily,  and  you  will  see  great 
effects;  for  Constant  dropping  wears  away  stones;  and  By 


GEMS  OF  THOUGHT  139 

dlli<jcncc  and  patience  the  mouse  ate  in  two  the  cable;  and 
Little  strokes  fell  fjreat  oaks;  as  Poor  Richard  says  in  his 
Almanac,  the  year  I  cannot  just  now  remember. 

Metliinks  I  hear  some  of  you  say,  "Must  a  man  afford 
himself  no  leisure?"  I  wJIi  tell  thee,  my  friend,  what  Poor 
Richard  says,  Eniploy  thy  time  well,  if  thou  meanest  to  gain 
leisure;  and  Since  thou  art  not  sure  of  a  minute,  throw  not 
aivay  an  hour!  Leisure  is  time  for  doing  something  useful; 
this  leisure  the  diligent  man  will  obtain,  but  the  lazy  man 
never;  so  that,  as  Poor  Richard  says,  A  life  of  leisure 
and  a  life  of  laziness  are  two  things.  Do  you  imagine 
that  sloth  will  afford  you  more  comfort  than  labor?  No! 
for,  as  Poor  Richard  says.  Trouble  springs  from  idleness, 
and  (/r/ci'ous  toil  from  needless  case.  MamJ,  7oithout  labor, 
would  live  by  their  wits  only,  but  they  'II  brcaJi  for  want  of 
stock  [i.  e.  capital];  whereas  industry  gives  comfort,  and 
plenty,  and  respect.  Fly  pleasures,  and  they  'II  follow  you. 
Ilic  diligent  spinner  has  a  large  shift;  and 

Now  I  have  a  sheep  and  a  cow. 
Everybody  bids  me  pood  morrow. 

All  which  is  well  said  by  Poor  Richard.     But  with  our 
industry  we  must  likewise  be  steady,  settled,  and  careful, 
and  oversee  our  own  affairs  with  our  own  eyes,  and  not  trust 
too  much  to  others;  for,  as  Poor  Richard  says, 
I  never  saw  an  oft  removed  tree, 
Nor  yet  an  oft  removed  family, 
That  throve  so  well  as  those  that  settled  be. 

And  again,  Three  removes  are  as  bad  as  afire;  and  again, 
Keep  thy  shop, and  thy  shop  will  keep  thee;  and  again,  If  ymi 
would  have  your  business  done,  go;  if  not,  send.  And  again, 

He  that  by  the  plough  would  thrive. 

Himself  must  either  hold  or  drive. 

And  again,  Tlie  eye  of  the  master  will  do  more  work  than 
both  his  hands;  and  again.  Want  of  care  does  its  more  dam- 
age than  ivant  of  knowledge;  and  again,  Not  to  oversee  work- 
men Is  to  leave  tlicm  your  purse  open. 

Trusting  too  much  to  others'  care  is  the  ruin  of  many;  for, 
as  the  Almanac  says,  In  the  affairs  of  this  rvorld  men  are 
saved,  not  by  faith,  but  by  the  want  of  it;  but  a  man's  own 


140  ONE   THOUSAND   SECRETS    REVEALED. 

care  is  profitable;  for  saith  Poor  Dick,  Lea7-ni?i(7  is  to  the 
studious,  ami  liicJics  to  the  careful;  as  well  as,  Power  to  the 
bold,  and  Heaven  to  the  virtuous.  And  further,  //  you 
would  have  a  faithful  servant,  and  one  that  yuu  like,  serve 
yourself. 

And  again,  he  adviseth  to  circumspection  and  care,  even 
in  the  smallest  matters;  because,  sometimes,  A  Utile  neglect 
may  breed  great  mischief;  adding,  for  want  of  a  nail  the 
shoe  was  lost;  for  ivant  of  a  sJwe  the  horse  rvas  lost;  and  for 
want  of  a  horse  the  rider  ivas  lost;  being  overtaken  and  slain 
by  the  enemy;  all  for  want  of  a  little  care  about  a  horse- 
shoe nail! 

So  much  for  industry,  my  friends,  and  attention  to  one's 
own  business;  but  to  these  we  must  add  frugality,  if  we 
would  make  our  industry  more  certainly  successful.  A  man 
may,  if  he  knows  not  how  to  save  as  he  gets,  keep  his  nose 
all  hia  life  to  the  grindstone,  and  die  not  xvorth  a  groat  at 
last.  A  fat  kitchen  makes  a  lean  will,  as  Poor  Richard  says; 
and 

Many  estates  are  spent  in  the  getting'. 

Since  women  for  tea*  forsook  spinning  and  knitting, 

And  men  for  puncli  forsook  hewing  and  splitting. 

If  you  would  be  wealthy,  says  he  in  another  Almanac, 
Think  of  saving  as  well  as  of  getting.  The  Indies  have  not 
made  Spain  7'ich;  because  her  outgoes  are  greater  than  her 
incomes. 

Away,  then,  with  your  expensive  follies,  and  you  will  not 
have  so  much  cause  to  complain  of  hard  times,  heavy  taxes, 
and  chargeable  families;  for,  as  Poor  Dick  says, — 

Women  and  wine,  game  and  deceit. 

Make  the  wealth  small  and  the  wants  great. 

And  farther,  What  maintains  one  vice  ivould  bring  up  two 
children.  You  may  think,  perhaps,  that  a  little  tea,  or  a 
little  punch  now  and  then;  a  diet  a  little  more  costly;  clothes 
a  little  more  finer;  and  a  little  more  entertainment  now  and 
then,  can  be  no  great  matter;  but  remember  what  Poor 
Richard  says;  Many  a  little  makes  a  micklc;  and  further, 

•>Tea  at  this  time  was  a  costly  drink,  and  was  regarded  as  a  luzurv. 


GEMS  OF  THOUGHT.  141 

Beware  of  Uttle  expenses;  A  small  leak  will  sink  a  great 
ship;  and  again, — 

Who  dainties  love,  shall  beggars  prove; 

and  moreover,  Fools  make  feasts  and  wise  men  eat  them. 

Here  are  you  all  got  together  at  this  vendue  of  fineries 
knick-knacks.  You  call  them  goods;  but  if  you  do  not  take 
care,  they  will  prove  evils  to  some  of  you.  You  expect  they 
will  be  sold  cheap,  and  perhaps  they  may  for  less  than  they 
cost;  but,  if  you  have  no  occasion  for  them,  they  must  be 
dear  to  you.  Remember  what  Poor  Richard  says:  Buy 
what  th(ju  hast  no  need  of  and  ere  long  thou  slialt  sell  thy 
necessaries.  And  again,  At  a  great  pennyworth,  pause  a 
while.  He  means,  that  perhaps  the  cheapness  is  apparent 
only,  and  not  real;  or  the  bargain  by  straitening  thee  in  thy 
business,  may  do  thee  more  harm  than  good.  For  in  an- 
other place  he  says.  Many  have  been  ruined  by  buying  good 
pennyworths. 

Again,  Poor  Richard  says,  'T  Is  foolish  to  lay  out  money 
in  a  purchase  of  repentance;  and  yet  this  folly  is  practiced 
every  day  at  vendues  for  want  of  minding  the  Almanac. 

Wise  men,  as  Poor  Richard  says,  leai-n  by  others'  harms; 
Fools  scarcely  by  their  own;  but  Felix  quern  faciunt  aliena 
pericula  cautum*  Many  a  one  for  the  sake  of  finery  on 
the^back,  has  gone  with  a  hungry  belly,  and  half-starved 
their  families.  Silks  and  satins,  scarlets  and  velvets,  ag 
Poor  Richard  says,  put  out  the  kitcheyi  fire.  These  are  not 
the  necessaries  of  life;  they  can  scarcely  be  called  the  con- 
veniences; and  yet,  only  because  they  look  pretty,  how 
many  ■U'ant  to  have  them!  The  artificial  wants  of  mankind 
thus  become  more  numerous  than  the  natural;  and,  as  Poor 
Dick  says.  For  one  poor  person  there  are  a  hundred  indigent. 

By  these  and  other  extravagances,  the  genteel  are  reduced 
to  poverty,  and  forced  to  borrow  of  those  whom  they  for- 
merly despised,  but  who,  through  industry  and  frugality, 
have  maintained  their  standing;  in  which  case  it  appears 
I)lainly,  that  A  ploughman  on  his  legs  is  higher  than  a  gen- 
tlenuin  on  }i,is  knees,  as  Poor  Richard  says.  Perhaps  they 
*  He  ^s  a  lucky  fellow  who  is  aiade  prudent  by  other  men'i  perils. 


142  ONE  THOUSAND  SECRETS    REVEALED. 

have  had  a  small  estate  left  them,  which  they  know  not  the 
getting  of;  they  think, 'T  is  day,  and  will  never  be  nUjht, 
that  (I  little  to  he  spent  out  of  so  much  is  not  trorth  minding; 
(A  child  find  n  fool,  as  Poor  Richard  says,  imagine  twenty 
shillings  and  twenty  years  can  never  be  spent,)  but  Always 
taking  out  of  the  meal-tub  aud  never  putting  in,  soon  comes 
to  the  bottom.  Then,  as  Poor  Dick  says.  When  the  loell  's 
dry,  they  knotv  the  worth  of  water.  But  this  they  might 
have  known  before,  if  they  had  taken  his  advice.  If  you 
would  know  the  value  of  money,  go  and.  try  to  borrow  some; 
for  He  that  goes  a  borrowing,  goes  a  sorroicing,  and  indeed, 
so  does  he  that  lends  to  such  people,  when  he  goes  to  get  it 
in  again. 
Poor  Dick  further  advises,  and  says  — 

Foud  pride  of  dress  is,  sure  a  very  cur«e; 
Ere  fancy  you  consult,  consult  your  purse. 
And  again.  Pride  is  as  loud  a  beggar  as  Want,  and  a  great 
deal  more  smicy.  When  you  have  bought  one  fine  thing, 
you  must  buy  ten  more,  that  your  appearance  may  be  all  of 
a  piece;  but  Poor  Dick  says,  'Tis  easier  to  sm^press  the  first 
desire  thmi  to  satisfi/  all  that  follow  it.  Awd  't  is  as  truly 
folly  for  the  poor  to  ape  the  rich,  as  for  the  Ixog  to  swell  in 
order  to  equal  the  ox. 

Great  estates  may  venture  more. 

But  little  boats  should  keep  near  shpte. 

'T  is,  however,  a  folly  soon  punished;  for.  Pride  that  dines 
on  vanity  sups  on  contempt,  as  Poor  Ivicharc^  says.  And  in 
another  place.  Pride  breakfasted  with  Plci<ty,  dined  tvlth 
Poverty,  and  supped  ivith  Infamy. 

And  after  all,  of  what  use  is  this  pride  of  a»-»pearance,  for 
which  so  much  is  risked,  so  much  is  suH'ered?  It  cannot 
promote  health  or  ease  pain;  it  makes  no  increase  of  merit 
in  the  person;  it  creates  envy;  it  hastens  misfor'une. 

What  is  a  butterfly?    At  best  ' 

He  's  but  a  caterpillar  drest, 

The  g-audy  fop  's  his  picture  just, 

as  Poor  Richard  says. 

But  what  madness  must  it  be  to  run  into  (?eL*  foi  these 
superfluities!     We  are  offered,  by  the  terms  of  this  ycadue, 


GEMS  OF  THOUGHT.  143 

six  months'  credit;  and  that,  perhaps,  has  induced  some  of 
us  to  attend  it,  because  wc  cannot  spare  the  ready  money, 
and  hope  now  to  be  fine  without  it.  But,  ah!  think  what 
you  do  when  you  run  in  debt:  You  give  to  another  -power 
over  your  liberty.  If  you  cannot  pay  at  the  time,  you  will 
be  ashamed  to  see  your  creditor;  you  will  be  in  fear  when 
you  speak  to  him;  you  will  make  poor,  pitiful,  sneaking 
excuses,  and  by  degrees  conic  to  lose  your  veracity,  and  sink 
into  base,  downright  lying;  for,  as  Poor  Richard  says,  The 
second  vice  is  lyimj,  the  first  is  ru7ininij  inti)  debt;  and  again, 
to  the  same  purpose,  lying  rides  upon  debt's  back;  whereas 
a  free-born  Englishman  ought  not  to  be  ashamed  or  a'fraid 
to  see  or  speak  to  any  man  living.  But  poverty  often  de- 
prives a  man  of  all  spirit  and  virtue.  'Tis  hitrd  for  an  empty 
bag  to  stand  upright!  as  Poor  Richard  truly  says.  What 
would  you  think  of  that  prince,  or  the  government  who 
should  issue  an  edict  forbidding  you  to  dress  like  a  gentle- 
man or  gentlewoman, on  pain  of  imprisonment  or  servitude? 
Would  you  not  say  that  you  are  free,  have  a  right  to  dress 
as  you  please,  and  that  such  an  edict  would  be  a  breach  of 
your  privileges,  and  such  a  government  tyranical?  And  yet 
you  are  about  to  put  yourself  under  such  tyranny,  when 
you  run  in  debt  for  such  dress!  Your  creditor  has  authority, 
at  his  pleasure,  to  deprive  you  of  your  liberty,  by  confining 
you  in  jail  for  life,  or  to  sell  you  for  a  servant,  if  you  should 
not  be  able  to  pay  him.*  When  you  have  got  your  bargain 
you  may,  perhaps,  think  little  of  payment;  but  Creditors 
(Poor  Richard  tells  us)  have  better  memories  than  debtors; 
and  in  another  place  says,  Creditors  are  a  superstitious  set, 
great  observers  of  set  days  and  times.  The  day  comes  round 
before  you  are  aware,  and  the  demand  is  made  before  you 
are  prepared  to  satisfy  it;  or,  or  if  you  bear  your  debt  in 
mind,  the  term  which  at  first  seemed  so  long,  will,  as  it  less- 
ens, appear  extremely  short.  Time  will  seem  to  have  added 
wings  to  his  heels  as  well  as  his  shoulders.  Those  have  a 
short  Lent,  saith  Poor  Richard,  irfio  owe  money  to  be  pitid  at 


*At  the  time  when  this  was  written,  and  for  many  years  afterward, 
lUt  laws  against  bankrupts  and  poor  debtors  were  extremely  severe, 


144  ONE  THOUSAKD  SECRETS  REVEALED. 

Easter.  Then,  since,  as  he  says,  The  borrower  is  a  slave  to 
the  lender,  and  the  debtor  to  the  creditor,  disdain  the  chain, 
preserve  your  freedom,  and  maintain  your  independency. 
Be  industrious  and  free;  be  friigul  and  free.  At  present, 
perhaps,  you  may  think  yourself  in  thriving  circumstances, 
and  that  you  can  bear  a  little  extravagance  without  injury; 

but  — 

For  age  and  want,  save  while  you  may. 
No  morning:  sun  lasts  a  whole  day. 

As  Poor  Richard  says,  gain  may  be  temporary  and  uncer- 
tain; but  ever,  while  you  live,  expense  is  constant  and  cer- 
tain; and  'Tis  easier  to  build.  t7uo  chimneys  than  to  keep  one 
in  fuel,  as  Poor  Richard  says;  so.  Rather  go  to  bed  supperless 
than  rise  in  debt. 

Get  what  you  can  and  what  you  get  hold : 
'T  is  the  stone  that  will  turn  all  your  lead  into  gold,* 
as  Poor  Richard  says;  and,  when  you  have  got  the  Philoso- 
pher's stone,  sure,  you  will  no  longer  complain  of  bad  times 
or  the  difficulty  of  paying  taxes. 

This  doctrine,  my  friends,  is  reason  and  wisdom;  but,  after 
all,  do  not  depend  too  much  upon  your  own  industry  and 
frugality  and  prudence,  though  excellent  things;  for  they 
may  all  be  blasted  without  the  blessing  of  Heaven;  and 
therefore,  ask  that  blessing  humbly,  and  be  not  uncharitable 
to  those  that  at  present  seem  to  want  it,  but  comfort  and 
help  them.  Remember  Job  suffered,  and  was  afterwards 
prosperous. 

And  now,  to  conclude,  Experience  keeps  a  dear  school,  but 
fools  will  learn  in  no  other,  and  scarce  in  that;  for  it  is  true, 
We  may  give  advice,  hut  tve  cannot  give  conduct,  as  Poor 
Richard  says.  However,  remember  this.  They  that  won't  be 
counselled,  can't  be  helped,  as  Poor  Richard  says;  and  fur- 
ther, that.  If  you  will  not  hear  reason,  she  'II  surely  mp  your 
kmickles. 

Thus  the  old  gentleman  ended  his  harangue.  The  people 
heard  it,  and  approved  the  doctrine;  and  immediately  prac- 
ticed the  contrary,  just  as  if  it  had  been  a  common  sermon. 

♦In  the  Middle  Ages  there  was  a  great  search  made  for  the  philoso- 
pher's stone,  as  it  was  called,  a  mineral  which  should  have  the 
power  of  turning  base  metals  into  gold. 


GEMS   OF   TUOIT.HT.  145 

For  the  vendue  opened,  and  they  began  to  buy  extrava- 
gantly, notwithstanding  ail  his  cautions,  and  their  own  fear 
of  taxes.  I  found  the  good  man  had  thoroughly  studied  my 
Almanacs,  and  digested  all  I  had  dropped  on  those  topics 
during  the  course  of  five-and-twenty  years.  The  frequent 
mention  he  made  of  me  must  have  tired  any  one  else;  but 
my  vanity  was  wonderfully  delighted  with  it,  though  I  was 
conscious  that  not  a  tenth  part  of  the  wisdom  was  my  own 
which  he  ascribed  tome,  but  rather  the  gleanings  that  I  had 
made  of  the  sense  of  all  ages  and  nations.  However,  I  re- 
solved to  be  the  better  for  the  echo  of  it;  and,  though  I  had 
at  first  determined  to  buy  stuff  for  a  new  coat,  I  went  away 
resolved  to  wear  my  old  one  a  little  longer.  Reader,  if  thou 
wilt  do  the  same,  thy  profit  will  be  as  great  as  mine.  I  am, 
as  ever,  thine  to  serve  thee, 

Richard  Saunders. 
July  7,  1757. 

THE  WATER-MILL. 

Oh!  listen  to  the  water-mill,  through  all  the  live-long  day, 
As  the  clicking  of  the  wheels  wears  hour  by  hour  away; 
How  languidly  the  autumn  wind  doth   stir   the   withered 

leaves, 
As  on   the   field   the   reapers   sing,  while   binding   up  the 

•     sheaves! 
A  solemn  proverb  strikes  my  mind,  and  as  a  spell  is  cast, 
"  The  mill  will  never  grind  again  with  water  that  is  past." 

The  summer  winds  revive  no  more  leaves  strewn  o'er  earth 

and  main. 
The  sickle  never  more  will  reap  the  yellow  garnered  grain; 
The  rippling  stream  flows  ever  on,  aye  tranquil,  deep,  and 

still. 
But  never  glideth  back  again  to  busy  water-mill. 
The  solemn  proverb  speaks  to  all,  with  meaning  deep  and 

vast, 
"The  mill  will  never  grind  again  with  water  that  is  past." 

Oh!  clasp  the  proverb  to  thy  soul,  dear  loving  heart  and  true, 
For  golden  years  are  fleeting  by,  and  youth  is  passing  too; 
Ah!  learn  to  make  the  most  of  life,  nor  lose  one  happy  day, 
For  time  will  ne'er  return  sweet  joys  neglected, thrown  away; 
Nor  leave  one  tender  word  unsaid,  thy  kindness  sow  broad- 
cast— 
"The  mill  will  never  grind  again  with  water  that  is  past." 


146  ONE   THOUSAND    SECRETS   REVEALED. 

Oh!  the  wasted  hours  of  life,  that  have  swiftly  drifted  by, 
Alas!  the  good  we  might  have  done,  all  gone  without  a  sigh; 
Love  that  we  might  once  have  saved  by  a  single  kindly  word, 
Thoughts  'conceived    but   ne'er  expressed,  perishing    un- 
penned, unheard. 
Oh!  take  the  lesson  to  thy  soul,  forever  clasp  it  fast, 
"The  mill  will  never  grind  again  with  water  that  is  past." 

Work  on  while  yet  the  sun  doth  shine,  thou  man  of  strength 
and  will, 

The  streamlet  ne'er  doth  useless  glide  by  clicking  water- 
mill; 

Nor  wait  until  to-morrow's  light  beams  brightly  on  thy  way. 

For  all  that  thou  canst  call  thine  own,  lies  in  the  phrase, 
"to-day;" 

Possessions,  power,  and  blooming  health,  must  all  be  lost  at 
last— 

"The  mill  will  never  grind  again  with  water  that  is  past." 

Oh!  love  thy  God  and  fellow  man,  thyself  consider  last. 
For  come  it  will  when  thou  must  scan  dark  errors  of  the 

past; 
Soon  will  this  fight  of  life  be  o'er,  and  earth  recede  frorri 

view, 
And  heaven  in  all  its  glory  shine  where  all  is  pure  and  true. 
Ah!  then  thou'lt  see  more  clearly  still  the  proverb  deep  and 

vast, 
"The  mill  will  never  grind  again  with  water  that  is  past." 

D.  C.  McCallum. 

Is  life  so  dear,  or  peace  so  sweet,  as  to  be  purchased  at 
the  price  of  chains  and  slavery?  Forbid  it,  Almighty  God! 
I  know  not  what  course  others  may  take,  but  as  for  me, 
give  me  liberty  or  give  me  death.  Patrick  Henry. 

The  law  is  a  soit  of  hocus-pocus  science,  that  smiles  in 
yer  face  while  it  picks  yer  pocket;  and  the  glorious  uncer- 
tainty of  it  is  of  mair  use  to  the  professors  than  the  justice 
of  it.  Macklin. 

OUR  MISSION. 

In  calm  and  stormy  weather 

Dor  mission  is  to  grow; 
To  keep  the  angle  paramount 

And  bind  the  brute  below. 


GEMS  OF  THOUGHT.  147 

We  grow  not  all  in  sunshine, 

But  richly  in  the  rain; 
And  what  we  deem  our  losses 

May  prove  our  final  gain. 

The  snows  and  frosts  of  winter 

A  richer  fruitage  bring; 
From  battling  with  the  anvil 

The  smith's  grand  muscles  spring. 

*Tis  by  the  law  of  contrast 

That  fine  effects  are  seen; 
As  thus  we  blend  in  colors 

The  orange  with  the  green. 

By  action  and  reaction 

We  reach  our  perfect  growth; 
Nor  by  excess  of  neither, 

But  equipoise  of  both. 

The  same  code  binds  the  human 

That  governs  mother  earth; 
God  cradled  her  in  tempest 

And  earthquakes  from  her  birth. 

Our  life  is  but  a  struggle 

For  perfect  equipoise; 
Our  pains  are  often  jewels. 

Our  pleasures  gilded  toys. 

Between  the  good  and  evil 

The  monarch  will  must  stand, 
To  shape  the  final  issue 

By  God's  divine  command. 

Our  mission  is  to  battle 

With  ill  in  every  form — 
To  borrow  strength  and  volume 

From  contact  with  the  storm. 

In  the  beautiful  hereafter 

These  blinding  mortal  tears 
Shall  crystalize  in  jewels 

To  sparkle  in  the  shears. 

With  weak  and  moldish  vision 

We  work  our  way  below; 
But  sure  our  souls  are  building 

Much  wiser  than  we  know. 


148  ONE  THOUSAND  SECRETS  REVEALED. 

And  when  the  work  is  finished 

The  scaffolding  then  falls; 
And  lo!  a  radiant  temple, 

With  pearl  and  sapphire  walls. 

A  temple  far  transcending 

The  grandest  piles  below, 
Whose  dome  shall  blaze  with  splendor. 

In  God's  eternal  glow. 

Wealth  is  necessary;  let  us  not  disclaim  against  it;  every 
nation  needs  it  to  attain  the  highest  achievements  in  civili- 
zation. But  it  is  a  blessing  only  as  a  servant,  and  is  de- 
structive as  a  master.  John  P.  Altgeld. 

If  I  were  a  young  man  I  should  ally  myself  with  some 
high  and  at  present  unpopular  cause,  and  devote  my  every 
effort  to  accomplish  its  .success.  John  G.  Whittier. 

Ill  fares  the  land,  to  hastening  ills  a  prey, 
Where  wealth  accumulates  and  men  decay. 

Princes  and  lords  may  flourish  and  may  fade  ; 
A  breath  can  make  them,  as  breath  has  made ; 
But  an  honest  peasantry,  a  country's  pride, 
When  once  destroyed,  can  never  be  supplied." 

War  preys  on  two  things — life  and  property  :  but  he  preys 
with  a  partial  appetite.  Feasting  on  life,  he  licks  his  jaws 
and  says,  "  More,  by  your  leave  !  "  Devouring  property,  he 
says,  between  grin  and  glut,  "This  is  so  good  that  it  ought 
to  be  paid  for!  "  Into  the  vacuum  of  wasted  life  rush  the 
moaning  winds  of  grief  and  desolation  ;  into  the  vacuum  of 
wasted  property  rushes  the  goblin  of  debt.  The  wasted  life 
is  transformed  at  length  into  a  reminiscent  glory ;  the 
wasted  property  becomes  a  hideous  nightmare .  The  heroes 
fallen  rise  from  their  bloody  cerements  into  everlasting  fame  ; 
the  property  destroyed  rises  from  the  red  and  flame-swept 
field  as  a  spectral  vampire,  sucking  the  still  warm  blood  of 
the  heroic  dead  and  of  their  posthumous  babes  to  the  tenth 
generation  !    The  name  of  the  vampire  is  Bond. 

John  Clark  Ridpath- 


SPEECHES  OF  G.  f\.  BOGflRDUS. 


"  I  don't  know  much  about 
the  tariff  question,  but  I  think  I 
know  enouph  to  know  that  if  we 
buy  $20.00  worth  of  rails  of  a  for- 
eigner, the  foreigner  will  have 
the  money  and  we  will  have  the 
rails,  but  if  we  make  the  rails  In 
America  and  buy  them  of  an 
American,  America  will  have  the 
money  and  the  rails  too." 

Abraham  Lincoln. 

"Nothing  should  ever  tempt 
us— nothing  will  ever  tempt  u.s 
to  scale  down  the  sacred  debt  of 
the  nation  through  a  legal  tech- 
nicality. Whatever  may  be  the 
language  of  the  contract  the 
United  States  will  discharge  all 
its  obligations  in  the  currency 
recognized  as  the  best  through- 
out the  civilized  world  at  the 
time  of  payment." 

Wm.  McKinlet. 

This  word  to  all  when  I  am 
dead. 

Be  sure  you  are  right  then 
go  ahead." 

Datid  Ceockbtt, 


"I  don't  know  much  about 
the  money  question,  but  it  ap- 
pears to  me  that  if  under  the 
gold  standard  we  borrow  $20,000- 
000  of  a  foreigner,  when  we  pay 
it  back  the  foreiirner  wiU  have 
the  money  and  the  interest  too, 
but  if  we  coin  the  silver  (which 
is  an  American  product)  into 
American  dollars,  borrow  iji20,000- 
000  of  an  American,  when  we  pay 
it  back  America  will  have  the 
money  and  the  interest  too." 

C.  A.  BOGARDUS. 

"I  hope  nothing  ever  will 
tempt  us  to  scale  the  debt  of  the 
nation  through  a  legal  techni- 
cality. Whatever  may  be  the 
language  of  the  contract  the 
United  States  should  discharge 
its  obligations  according  to  the 
contract." 

C.  A.  BOGAROUS. 

"  This  word  to  all  while  we 
are  alive, 

Be  sure  we  are  right  then 
let  drive." 

C.  A.  BOOARUUS. 


m 


SPEECHES   OF  C.  A.  BOGARDUS. 


Address  Delivered  At  Farmington,  Iowa,  Novem- 
ber 20,  1897,  By  C.  A.  Bogardus. 

subject:  how  to  read. 

Mr.  Chairman,  Ladies  and  Gentlemen: — 

It  is  not  so  much  the  amount  of  reading,  that 
educates  us,  as  it  is  what  we  read  and  the  manner 
in  which  it  is  done  that  benefits  us,  for  as  poor 
Richard  says:  "The  used  key  is  always  bright," 
so  the  well  read  book  always  shows  the  handling. 
A  small  well  chosen  library  carefully  read  is  of 
vastly  more  benefit,  than  the  large  poorly  chosen, 
unread  volumes  that  adorn  the  shelves  of  many 
homes.  Yet  I  am  not  sure  but  that  poorly  chosen 
books  are  better  not  read,  than  read.  A  learned 
doctor  once  said:  **It  is  not  what  we  eat  that  sus- 
tains life,  but  it  is  what  we  digest." 

We  might  well  pharaphrase  his  words  and  say  it 
is  not  what  we  read  that  educates  us,  but  it  is 
what  we  understand.  For  what  we  want  is  not 
learning,  but  knowledge;  that  is  the  ability  to 
make  learning  answer  its  true  end  as  a  quickener 
of  intelligence  and  widener  of  the  intellectual  field. 

We  should  not  read  to  contradict;  nor  to  believe 
and  take  for  granted  ;  nor  to  find  talk  and  dis- 
course ;  but  to  weigh  and  consider.  This  being  self- 
evident,  we  should  ever  remember  that  whatever  is 
worth  reading  at  all  is  worth  reading  well.    Hence, 

150 


SPEECHES   OF   C.  A.  nOGARDUS.  151 

inasmuch  as  reading  matter  is  always  the  expression 
of  some  author's  thoughts,  it  follows  that  the  object 
of  reading  at  all  is  to  learn  the  thoughts  of  the 
writer.  So  we  may  well  aver  that  to  read  under- 
standingly  requires  thought  and  industry.  For 
reading  availeth  not  unless  done  understandingly. 
Therefore,  an  article  is  not  read,  in  the  full  sense 
of  the  word,  until  it  is  understood.  That  the  full 
force  and  effect  of  this  may  be  appreciated  I  will 
read  you  Abraham  Lincoln's  speech  at  the  dedica- 
tion of  the  national  cemetery  at  Gettysburg,  Penn- 
sylvania, November  19,  1863.  When  you  have 
thoroughly  incorporated  Mr.  Lincoln's  thought  in 
your  mind  you  will  have  acquired  more  actual 
knowledge  and  intellectual  grandeur  than  would 
be  acquired  by  the  mere  glancing  over  or  hurriedly 
reading  volumes  of  much  of  the  current  literature. 

MR.  Lincoln's  speech. 
"  Four  score  and  seven  years  ago  our  fathers  brought  forth 
on  this  continent  a  new  nation,  conceived  in  liberty  and  dedi- 
cated to  the  proposition  that  all  men  are  created  equal.  Now 
we  are  engaged  in  a  great  civil  war,  testing  whether  that 
nation,  or  any  nation  so  conceived  and  so  dedicated,  can 
long  endure.  We  are  met  on  a  great  battle  field  of  that  war. 
We  have  come  to  dedicate  a  portion  of  that  field  as  a  final 
resting-place  for  those  who  here  gave  their  lives  that  that 
nation  might  live.  It  is  altogether  fitting  and  proper  that  we 
should  do  this.  But  in  a  large  sense  we  cannot  dedicate,  we 
cannot  consecrate,  we  cannot  hallow  this  ground.  The  brave 
men,  living  and  dead,  who  struggled  here  have  consecrated  it 
far  above  our  poor  power  to  add  or  detract.  The  world  will 
little  note,  nor  long  remember,  what  we  say  here,  but  it  can 
never  forget  what  they  did  here.  It  is  for  us,  the  living, 
rather  to  be  dedicated  here  to  the  unfinished  work  which 
they   who  fought  here   have   thus  far  so   nobly  advanced. 


152  SPEECHES 

It  is  rather  for  us  to  be  here  dedicated  to  the  great  task 
remaining  before  us — that  from  tliese  honored  dead  we  take 
increased  devotion  to  that  cause  for  which  they  gave  the  last 
full  measure  of  devotion;  that  we  here  highly  resolve  that 
these  dead  have  not  died  in  vain;  that  this  nation,  under  God, 
shall  have  a  new  birth  of  freedom;  and  that  government  of 
the  people,  by  the  people,  for  the  people,  shall  not  perish 
from  the  earth." 

Does  not  a  careful  study  of  Mr  Lincoln's  speech 
show  his  true  devotion  to  freedom  and  freedom's 
government  ? 

I  will  close  by  reading  an  article  from  an  old 
scrap-book.  When  it  is  read  I  trust  it  will  accom- 
plish a  double  mission,  viz :  that  we  more 
thoroughly  comprehend  the  necessity  of  putting 
thought  into  our  reading;  and  that  the  real  virtue 
in  thought  is  acting  in  harmony  with  the  knowledge 
of  right.  The  article  to  which  I  refer  is  entitled 
**  An  Angel  in  a  Saloon."     I  will  now  read  it : 

' '  One  afternoon  in  the  month  of  June,  1870,  a  lady  in  deep 
mourning,  followed  by  a  little  child,  entered  one  of  the  fash- 
ionable saloons  in  the  city  of  N .    The  writer  happened 

to  be  passing  at  the  time,  and  prompted  by  curiosity,  fo"Howed 
her  in,  to  see  what  would  ensue.  Stepping  up  to  the  bar, 
and  addressing  the  proprietor,  who  happened  to  be  present, 
she  said : 

"'Sir,  can  you  assist  me?  I  have  no  home,  no  friends, 
and  am  not  able  to  work.' 

"  He  glanced  at  her  and  then  at  the  child,  with  a  mingled 
look  of  curiosity  and  pity.  Evidently  he  was  much  surprised 
to  see  a  woman  in  such  a  place  begging,  but  without  asking 
any  questions  gave  her  some  change,  and  turning  to  those 
present,  he  said : 

"  'Gentlemen,  here  is  a  lady  in  distress.  Can't  some  of 
you  help  her  a  little  T 


OF  C.  A.  BOGARDUS.  153 

"They  cheerfully  acceded  to  the  request,  and  soon  a  purse 
of  two  dollars  was  made  up,  and  put  in  her  hand. 

"  '  Madam,'  said  the  gentleman,  who  gave  her  the  money, 
'  why  do  you  come  to  a  saloon  ?  It  isn't  a  proper  place  for  a 
lady,  and  why  are  you  driven  to  such  a  step  ?' 

"  'Sir,'  said  the  lady,  '  I  know  it  isn't  a  proper  place  for  a 
lady  to  be  in,  and  you  ask  me  why  I  am  driven  to  such  a  step. 
I  will  tell  you  in  one  short  word,'  pointing  to  a  bottle  behind 
the  counter,  labelled  whiskey,  'that  is  what  brought  me 
here — whiskey!' 

"'I  was  once  happy  and  surrounded  with  all  the  luxuries 
that  wealth  could  procure,  with  a  fond,  indulgent  husband. 
But  in  an  evil  hour  he  was  tempted,  and  not  possessing  the 
will  to  resist  the  temptation,  fell,  and  in  one  short  year  my 
dream  of  happiness  was  over,  my  home  was  forever  desolate, 
and  the  kind  husband,  and  the  wealth  that  some  called  mine 
lost,  lost,  never  to  return,  and  all  by  the  accursed  wine  cup. 

"'You  see  before  you  only  the  wreck  of  my  former  self, 
homeless  and  friendless,  with  nothing  left  me  in  this  world 
but  this  little  child,'  and  weeping  bitterly,  she  affectionately 
caressed  the  golden  curls  that  shaded  a  face  of  exquisite  love- 
liness. Regaining  her  composure,  and  turning  to  the  pro- 
prietor of  the  saloon,  she  continued: 

"  'Sir,  the  reason  why  I  occasionally  enter  a  place  like  this 
is  to  implore  those  who  deal  in  the  deadly  poison  to  desist,  to 
stop  a  business  that  spreads  desolation,  ruin,  poverty  and 
starvation.  Think  one  moment  of  your  own  loved  ones,  and 
then  imagine  them  in  the  situation  I  am  in.  I  appeal  to  your 
better  nature,  I  appeal  to  your  heart, — for  I  know  you  pos- 
sess a  kind  one, — to  retire  from  a  business  so  ruinous  to  your 
patrons. 

"  '  Did  you  know  the  money  you  take  across  the  bar  is  the 
same  as  taking  the  bread  out  of  the  mouths  of  the  famished 
wives  and  children  of  your  customers?  That  it  strips  the 
clothing  from  their  backs,  deprives  them  of  all  the  comforts 
of  this  life  and  throws  unhappiness,  misery,  crime,  and  deso- 
lation in  their  once  happy  homes  ?  Oh!  sir,  I  implore,  be- 
seech, and  pray  you  to  retire  from  a  business  you  blush  to 
own  you   are  engaged    in  before  your   fellow-men,  and  enter 


154  SPEECHES 

one  that  will  not  only  be  profitable  to  yourself  but  your  fellow- 
creatures  also  You  will  excuse  me  if  I  have  spoken  too 
plainly,  but  I  could  not  help  it  when  I  thought  of  the  misery, 
the  unhappiness,  and  the  suffering  it  has  caused  me.' 

"'Madam,  I  am  not  offended,'  he  answered  in  a  voice 
husky  with  emotion,  'but  I  thank  you  from  the  bottom  of  my 
heart  for  what  you  have  said.' 

"  'Mamma,'  said  the  little  child,  who  m.eantime  had  been 
spoken  to  by  some  of  the  gentlemen  present,  taking  hold  of 
her  mother's  hand,  'these  gentlemen  wish  me  to  sing  '  Little 
Bessie  '  for  them.     Shall  I  do  so  ?' 

"They  all  joined  in  the  request,  and  placing  her  in  a  chair 
she  sang,  in  a  sweet  childish  voice,  the  following  beautiful 
song  : 

"'Out  in  the  gloomy  night,  sadly  I  roam, 

I  have  no  mother  dear,  no  pleasant  home; 

Nobody  cares  for  me,  no  one  would  cry, 

Even  if  poor  little  Bessie  should  die. 

Wearj  and  tired  I've  been  wandering  all  day, 

Asking  for  work,  but  I'm  too  small,  they  say  ; 

On  the  damp  ground  I  must  now  lay  ray  head; 

Father  's  a  drunkard  and  mother  is  dead. 

" '  We  were  so  happy  till  father  drank  rum, 
Then  all  our  sorrow  and  trouble  begun  ; 
Mother  grew  pale  and  wept  every  day. 
Baby  and  I  were  too  hungry  to  play  ; 
Slowly  they  faded  till  one  summer  night 
Found  their  dead  faces  all  silent  and  white; 
Then  with  big  tears  slowly  dropping  I  said, 
'  Father's  a  drunkard  and  mother  is  dead.' 

'"Oh!  If  the  temperance  men' only  could  find 
Poor,  wretched  father  and  talk  very  kind  ; 
If  they  would  stop  him  from  drinking,  then 
I  should  be  so  very  happy  again. 
Is  it  too  late,  temperance  men  ?     Please  try 
Or  poor  little  Bessife  must  soon  starve  and  diel 
All  day  long  I've  been  begging  for  bread, — 
Father's  a  drunkard  and  mother  is  dead.* 


OF  C.  A.  BOGARnUS.  ^ 

"  The  game  of  billiards  was  left  unfinished,  th  ^rds 
thrown  aside,  and  the  unemptied  glass  remained  on  thw  coun- 
ter; all  had  pressed  near,  some  with  pity-beaming  eyes, 
entranced  with  the  musical  voice  and  beauty  of  th»^  child, 
who  seemed  better  fitted  to  be  with  angels  above  than  \n  such 
a  place. 

"The  scene  I  shall  never  forget  to  my  dying  day,  and  the 
sweet  cadence  of  her  musical  voice  still  rings  in  my  ears, 
and  every  word  of  the  song  as  it  dropped  from  her  lips  sank 
deep  into  the  hearts  of  those  gathered  around  her. 

'*  With  her  golden  hair  falling  carelessly  around  her  little 
shoulders,  and  looking  so  trustingly  and  confidingly  upon  the 
gentlemen  around  her,  her  beautiful  eyes  illuminated  with 
a  light  that  seemed  not  of  this  earth,  she  formed  a  picture 
of  purity  and  innocence  worthy  the  genius  of  a  poet  or 
painter. 

At  the  close  of  the  song  many  were  weeping;  men  who  had 
not  shed  a  tear  for  years,  now  wept  like  children.  One  young 
man  who  had  resisted  with  scorn  the  pleadings  of  a  loving 
mother  and  the  entreaties  of  friends  to  strive  to  lead  a  better 
life,  to  desist  from  a  course  that  was  wasting  his  fortune  and 
ruining  his  health,  now  approached  the  child,  and  taking  both 
hands  in  his,  while  tears  streamed  down  his  cheeks,  exclaimed 
with  deep  emotion  : 

"'God  bless  you,  my  little  angel  !  You  have  saved  me 
from  ruin  and  disgrace,  from  poverty  and  a  drunkard's  grave. 
If  there  are  angels  on  earth,  you  are  one!  God  bless  you! 
God  bless  you !'  and  putting  a  bill  into  the  hands  of  the 
mother  said,  '  Please  accept  this  trifle  as  a  token  of  my  regard 
and  esteem,  for  your  little  girl  has  done  me  a  kindness  I  can 
never  repay;  and  remember,  whenever  you  are  in  want,  you 
will  find  in  me  a  true  friend,'  at  the  same  time  giving  her  his 
name  and  address. 

"Taking  her  child  by  the  hand  she  turned  to  go,  but  pausing 
at  the  door  said  : 

"  '  God  bless  you,  gentlemen  !  Accept  the  heartfelt  thanks 
of  a  poor,  friendless  woman  for  the  kindness  and  courtesy 
you  have  shown  her.'  Before  any  one  could  reply  she  was 
gone. 


156  SPEECHES 

"  A  silence  of  several  minutes  ensued,  which  was  broken 
by  the  proprietor,  who  exclaimed  : 

"  '  Gentlemen,  that  lady  was  right,  and  I  have  sold  my  last 
glass  of  whiskey;  if  any  one  of  you  want  more  you  will  have 
to  go  elsewhere.' 

"'And  I  have  drank  my  last  glass  of  whiskey,'  said  a 
young  man  who  had  long  been  given  up  as  utterly  beyond 
the  reach  of  those  who  had  a  deep  interest  in  his  welfare,  as 
sunk  too  low  ever  to  reform." 


SPEECH  AT  DECATUR,  INDIANA, 
SEPTEMBER  22,  1896, 

The  occasion  being  a  rally  in  v^^hich  the  Hon.  B. 
F.  Shively,  candidate  for  governor,  and  John  R. 
Brunt,  candidate  for  congress,  had  spoken  over 
three  hours. 

The  Indianapolis  Sentinel  said  of  Mr.  Bo- 
gardus  that  "he  held  the  closest  attention  through- 
out, and  closed  amid  great  cheers  and  cries  of  go 
ahead." 

MR.  BOGARDUS  SPOKE  AS  FOLLOWS: 

Mr.  Chairman,  Ladies  and  Gentlemen: — That 
phase  of  the  money  question  which  is  before  the 
American  people  today  and  upon  which  we  will 
vote  in  November  is  merely  shall  we,  or  shall  we 
not,  open  the  mints  to  the  free  and  unlimited  coin- 
age of  silver  as  they  are  now  open  to  the  coinage 
of  gold.  Concurrent  with,  and  as  a  part  of  the 
phase,  is  the  declaration  that  when  the  metals  are 
so  coined  that  the  money  made  therefrom  shall  be 
treated  equally  under  the  law,  and  that  the  Demo- 
cratic idea  of  equal  rights  to  each  and  special 
privileges  to  neither,  shall  be  again  incorporated 
in  our  national  laws,     A  great  many  rash,  and  it 


OF  C.  A.  BOGARDUS.  V>1 

seems  to  me  foolish  things,  are  being  said  concern- 
ing the  independent  bimetallists  of  our  country,  to 
charge  the  free  coinage  people  with  being  repudia- 
tors  and  anarchists,  is  but  to  put  the  party  making 
such  false  statement  in  the  position  of  a  base  mis- 
representer,  and  sooner  or  later  the  charge  must 
slap  its  maker  in  the  face.  There  is  no  doubt  in 
my  mind,  but  that  there  is  a  party  in  this  country 
who  is  advocating  repudiation,  but  it  is  not  the 
Democratic  party  it  is  the  Republican  party  that  is 
advocating  it.  Webster  says  repudiation  is  the 
act  of  rejecting  or  refusing.  If  a  party  desires  to 
pay  the  national  debt  according  to  contract  it  cer- 
tainly is  not  advocating  repudiation,  but  if  a  party 
desires  to  violate  the  contract  it  desires  to  repudi- 
ate. Now  my  friends  let  us  get  right  at  the  facts, 
before  we  can  tell  who  the  repudiators  are;  we 
must  know  what  the  contract  is,  and  then  we  must 
know  what  the  contesting  parties  want  to  do  in 
the  premises.  I  will  read  you  a  copy  of  a  U.  S. 
bond: 

[copy  of  u.  s.  bonds.] 

The  United  States  of  Am.erica  are  indebted  to 
the  bearer  in  the  sum  of  One  Hundred  Dollars. 

This  bond  is  issued  in  accordance  with  the  pro- 
visions of  an  act  of  congress,  entitled,  "An  act  to 
authorize  the  refunding  of  the  National  Debt,"  ap- 
proved July  14th,  1870,  amended  by  an  act  ap- 
proved January  20th,  1871,  and  is  redeemable  at 
the  pleasure  of  the  United  States,  after  the  first 
day  of  July  A.  D.,  1907,  in  coin  of  the  standard 

VALUE  OF  THE  UNITED    STATES  ON    SAID  JULY     I4TH, 

1870,  with  interest  in  such  coin  from  the  day  of 
date  hereof,  at  the  rate  of  four  per  cent  per  annum. 


158  SPEECHES 

payable  quarterly,  on  the  first  day  of  October, 
January,  April  and  July  of  each  year.  The  prin- 
cipal AND  INTEREST  ARE  EXEMPT  FROM  THE  PAY- 
MENT OF  ALL  TAXES  or  DUTIES  of  the  United  States, 
as  well  as  from  taxation  in  any  form,  by  or  under 
State,  Municipal  or  local  authority. 
Washington,  July  ist,  1877. 

J.  M.  DOTY,  Register  of  the  Treasury. 
Entered  (G.  W.  B.)  (Recorded  W.  S.) 

Now  I  am  not  trying  to  mislead  you  when  I  say 
that  a  party  who  proposes  to  pay  that  bond  ac- 
cording to  contract  is  not  a  repudiator,  nor  am  I 
misleading  when  I  say  that  a  party  who  attempts 
to  preventits  payment  according  to  contractor  is 
a  repudiator.  The  bond,  according  to  its  own 
wording,  is  payable  in  coin  of  the  standard  value 
of  July  14,  1870.  When  we  learn  exactly  what  that 
coin  is  we  will  then,  like  Saul  of  Tarsus,  see  things 
in  a  new  light.  By  the  law  that  was  in  force  on 
that  date  silver  or  gold  could  be  coined  into  stand- 
ard money  and  their  standard  value  was  their 
legal  value.  The  Democratic  party  desires  the 
privilege  of  coining  the  metals  according  to  that 
law,  and  then  paying  the  bonds  with  those  coins 
according  to  that  law.  No  repudiation  there. 
No,  not  a  particle.  (Cheers.)  The  Republicans 
do  not  want  to  coin  silver  and  gold  according  to 
that  law,  and  they  do  not  want  to  allow  the  debts 
to  be  paid  in  gold  or  silver  money  according  to 
that  law.  There  is  repudiation  there,  yes  lots  of 
it,  in  fact  it  is  nothing  but  repudiation.  (Great 
applause.)  Do  you  want  to  hear  about  the  an- 
archy part  of  this  question.     (Cries  of  yes!  yes!) 


OP  C.  A.  BOGARnUS.  159 

Very  well,  let  us  examine  along  that  line.  The 
Democrats  say  that  the  government  can  coin 
money  and  regulate  its  value  and  they  will  accept 
it  in  payment  of  a  debt.  No  anarchy  there;  no, 
not  a  bit.  (Laughter.)  The  Republicans  admit 
that  the  government  can  coin  money  and  regulate 
its  value  and  make  it  a  legal  tender.  But  they- 
openly  declare  that  they  won't  take  it  in  the  pay- 
ment of  a  debt  unless  they  want  to.  There  is  an- 
archy there  in  abundance,  yes  in  great  abundance. 
(Great  and  continued  applause.) 

Let  me  ask  the  Republicans  if  it  is  not  a  little 
strange  that  a  law  savored  with  such  element  of 
anarchy  and  repudiation,  should  have  been  in  full 
force  in  America  from  1792  to  1873,  a  period  of 
eighty-one  years,  and  have  pleased  the  people  so 
well,  that  during  all  that  time  no  political  party 
ever  openly  advocated  its  repeal?  Is  it  not,  I  ask, 
strange  that  George  Washington  who  fought  so 
bravely  for  independence  should  have  signed  a  law 
for  repudiation  and  anarchy?  Strange!  ah  very 
strange!  is  it  not,  that  General  Grant  when  he 
discovered  that  he  had  unknowingly  signed  a  bill 
for  the  repeal  of  the  law  that  they  now  say  would 
be  repudiation,  should  have  said  he  did  not  know 
that  the  law  demonetized  silver,  and  if  he  had 
known  it  he  would  have  suffered  his  right  arm  to 
have  been  cut  off  before  he  would  have  signed  the 
law. 

My  friend,  not  only  does  the  Republicans  advo- 
cate repudiation,  but  it  also  by  proposing  a  scarce 
money  system  is  advocating  confiscation  of  the 
debtor's  property,  for  with  a  large  money  basis, 


160  SPEECHES 

money  is  easier  to  get  than  with  a  small  money 
basis.  Careful  thought  will  show  that  easy  money 
:«eans  high  prices,  and  when  money  is  scarce  and 
hard  to  get  prices  are  low;  it  therefore  follows 
that  President  Lincoln  was  correct  when  he  said: 
*'If  a  government  contract  a  debt  and  then  contract 
the  money  before  the  debt  is  paid,  it  is  the  most 
heinous  crime  a  government  can  commit  against  its 
people/' 

We  may  boast  long  and  strong  of  the  great  wis- 
dom of  our  diplomats  and  the  brilliancy  of  our 
statesmen,  but  whatever  they  may  say  will  never 
overshadow  the  fact  that  in  a  people's  government 
the  people  must  vote  understandingly,  and  when 
we  thoroughly  analyze  this  charge  of  repudiation 
and  anarchy,  we  will  see  that  it  is  the  same  old 
trick  of  the  burglar  crying  stop  thief  to  the  honest 
man  while  the  rogue  himself  escapes. 

Much  is  being  said  about  our  money  being  good 
abroad,  and  great  fear  is  expressed  by  the  banker's 
party  that  our  silver  money  under  bimetallism  will 
only  be  worth  fifty  cents  on  the  dollar  in  foreign 
countries.  Now,  my  friends,  let  us  use  common 
sense,  and  we  will  easily  solve  the  problem  as  to 
how  to  make  our  silver  dollars  good  abroad,  that 
feature  of  the  question  can  be  accomplished  by 
following  this  plain  easy  method,  namely,  the  next 
time  a  foreigner  presents  a  bond  of  a  few  million 
dollars  for  payment,  have  Uncle^Sam  hand  the 
gentleman  the  amount  in  silver  dollars,  then  let 
the  foreigner  attend  to  making  them  good  abroad. 
It  will  be  to  his  interest  to  procure  a  law  making 
the  silver  good  in  his  own  country.     Now,  I  want 


OF  C.  A,  BOGARDUS.  Ifil 

to  ask  you  in  the  name  of  common  sense,  would 
not  you  think  the  foreigner  crazy  if  when  we  paid 
him  in  our  silver,  he  would  go  to  his  own  country 
and  cry  down  the  very  money  we  had  paid  him? 
Oh  no,  he  would  not  do  that,  he  would  use  his 
influence  to  have  a  law  passed  in  favor  of  bimetal- 
lism in  his  own  country. 

But  you  may  urge  that  he  might  not  succeed  in 
his  effort,  and  he  would  have  a  lot  of  half  value 
American  dollars  on  hand  that  would  not  be  good 
abroad.  Very  well,  the  worst  thing  that  could 
possibly  happen  to  us  under  circumstances  of  that 
kind  would  be  when  the  foreigner  found  he  could 
not  pass  the  money  abroad  he  would  discover  all 
of  a  sudden  that  the  money  is  good  in  America, 
and  as  a  matter  of  fact  he  would  spend  his  money 
where  it  would  be  taken  for  goods.  So  we  see  that 
we  would  thus  either  force  a  recognition  of  our 
money  abroad  or  else  we  would  control  the  markets 
of  the  world.  Then  in  reality  we  would  pay  our 
debts  abroad  in  American  produce  at  a  fair  price 
and  keep  our  money  at  home,  where  it  belongs,  as 
a  medium  of  exchange.  And  we  would  then  real- 
ize the  wisdom  of  the  Hon.  \Vm.  E.  Gladstone 
when  he  said  to  the  English  Parliament  that  "so 
far  as  England  was  concerned  bimetalism  to  them 
as  a  creditor  country  would  compel  them  to  pay 
more  for  American  produce,"  but  the  grand  old 
man  in  his  frank  and  honest  manner  added,  "so 
far  as  America  is  concerned,  it  would  immediately 
give  her  control  of  the  markets  of  the  world." 

When  we  lament  the  fact  that  under  our  present 
financial  system  the  rich  are  growing  richer  and 


162  SPEECHES 

'.  »e  poor  are  becoming  poorer  day  by  day,  we 
3ear  some  one  say  "  that  is  true,  but  the  law  of  the 
f^urvival  of  the  fittest  is  to  blame  for  those  facts." 
If  you  will  pardon  me  for  seemingly  diverging  from 
the  subject  I  will  say  something  in  regard  to  the 
abuse  of  the  law  of  the  survival  of  the  fittest. 
Yes,  I  admit  that  under  any  law,  and  under  any 
conditions,  those  who  are  best  suited  to  the  condi- 
tions under  which  they  live  will  get  on  better  than 
those  who  are  not  so  well  suited  by  nature  to  com- 
bat for  existence  and  prosperity.  Nature  has  so 
laid  its  plans  that,  at  or  near  the  equator  in  the 
warm  climate  tropical  fruits  grow  better  than  they 
do  in  Iceland,  while  the  pine  tree,  true  to  nature, 
thrives  best  in  cold  regions.  The  Polar  bear  en- 
joys the  snows  of  Alaska,  but  would  suffocate  in  the 
tropical  heat  of  Borneo  or  Sumatra.  True  to  the 
law  of  the  survival  of  the  fittest,  the  elephant  and 
ostrich  thrive  in  sunny  Africa,  but  would  perish  in 
Norway's  winters.  These  things  are  true,  because 
all  nature  is  in  perfect  harmony  with  itself.  When 
carefully  considered,  we  find  that  the  reason  some 
things  prosper  in  one  place  and  perish  in  another 
is  merely  that  they  are  fitted  for  the  conditions  in 
wl.ich  they  thrive  and  are  unfitted  for  the  vicious 
surrounding  in  which  they  perish.  The  lion  and 
tiger  prosper  among  vicious  beasts,  but  the  child 
and  lamb  survive  better  where  love,  mercy  and 
righteousness  reign. 

Let  us  suppose  that  Christ  and  John  L.  Sullivan 
were  contesting  for  the  pugilistic  championship 
under  London  prize  ri.ig  rules,  most  assuredly 
Sullivan  would  win  in  the  first  round.     But  let  us 


OP  C.  A.  BOGARDUS.  163 

change  the  conditions  and  make  the  place  of  cor« 
test  the  pulpit  of  a  Quaker  church,  and  the  sub- 
ject: "  Suffer  little  children  to  come  unto  me,  and 
forbid  them  not,  for  of  such  is  the  kingdom  of 
heaven/'  don't  you  think  Sullivan  would  be  quite 
out  of  place  and  Christ  would  be  the  victor  on 
that  occasion  ?  Suppose  a  fine  pasture,  bountiful 
with  grass  and  water  should  be  well  stocked  with 
a  few  hundred  sheep  and  lambs  and  lurking  around 
in  hidden  nooks  of  the  field  were  a  dozen  or  more 
Norway  wolves,  the  sheep  and  wolves  are  in  the 
same  pasture,  I  want  to  ask  you,  my  friend,  what 
kind  of  stock  do  you  think  the  farmer  will  have  in 
that  pasture  in  a  few  days  if  he  says  to  himself  the 
law  of  the  survival  of  the  fittest  will  protect  those 
sheep  if  they  are  fit  to  live,  and  if  they  can't  sur- 
vive then  I  will  shear  the  wolves  for  my  winter's 
wool.  My  friends,  if  that  farmer  ever  got  any 
wool  from  those  wolves  he  would  have  to  get  it 
from  their  stomachs,  he  could  not  shear  it  from  their 
backs,  because  it  don't  grow  on  that  class  of  ani- 
mals. What  would  you  think  of  the  farmer's  good 
wife  if  after  the  wolves  had  killed  and  sucked  the 
warm  blood  of  the  last  lamb  she  would  in  her  su- 
preme recognition  of  the  law  of  the  survival  of  the 
fittest  take  from  her  child's  grave  the  tombstone 
that  had  carved  thereon  the  image  of  a  little  lamb 
at  rest  under  the  weeping  willow  and  place  in  its 
stead  a  statue  of  marble  with  the  life-sized  image 
of  a  wolf  with  the  blood  of  a  lamb  streaming  from 
his  teeth  ?  No,  that  would  not  be  the  act  of  a  sane 
mother,  nor  would  the  farmer  willingly  leave  the 
sheep  in  the  pasture  with  no  other  protection  but 
the  wolves. 


1B4  SPEECHES 

Under  laws  recognizing  viciousness  the  most 
vicious  will  survive  best. 

Our  country  and  her  people  are  industrious  and 
willing,  but  we  are  in  debt,  having  promised  to  pay 
American  dollars  that  by  the  vicious  system  of 
contracting  the  money  under  the  gold  standard 
which  makes  dollars  harder  and  harder  to  get, 
which  is  only  another  way  of  expressing  the  fact 
that  wages  and  produce  will  go  lower  year  by  year 
under  the  system  of  greed  that  is  accompanying 
the  gold  standard  in  all  countries.  But  one  thing 
can  help  the  masses  of  our  people  out  of  the  bond- 
age of  debt,  and  that  tning  is  higher  prices  for 
labor  and  produce. 

Higher  prices  in  America  will  follow  either  of 
two  causes — foreign  famine  and  war  or  bimetallism 
and  an  increased  volume  of  money.  The  latter  is 
within  our  control,  the  former  method  no  one 
should  desire. 

Let  us  not  disclaim  against  the  wolves,  for 
scientists  tell  us  that  the  shepherd  dog  that  so  kindly 
protects  the  sheep  is  a  direct  descendant  of  the 
wolf,  but  he  has  been  domesticated  by  the  law  of 
man.  So  we  see  that  under  the  vicious  law  of  the 
survival  of  the  fittest  the  wolf  as  a  master  was  a 
sheep  destroyer,  but  under  the  civilized  law  of  the 
survival  of  the  fittest,  the  descendant  of  the  vicious 
wolf  as  we  know,  the  shepherd  dog  is  a  servant  to 
the  sheep.  Gold  is  good  money,  but  as  a  master 
it  is  a  tyrant.  Let  us  hitch  it  side  by  side  with 
jilver  and  paper  money,  put  it  all  under  direct 
control  of  the  government,  and  the  wealth  of  this 


OF  C.  A.  BOGARDUS.  165 

nation  will  be  our  servant,  but  with  gold  in  control 
our  nation's  wealth  becomes  a  hard  master. 
.  The  other  day  while  on  the  train,  in  conversa- 
tion with  a  rich  banker,  the  subject  of  the  rich  and 
poor  came  up.  He  said  "  there  was  nothing  in  the 
law  that  tended  to  make  people  rich  or  poor."  His 
idea  was  that  individual  prosperity  came  from  each 
man's  ability  as  a  financier.  *'  Why,  said  he, 
''  don't  you  know  that  if  the  property  was  all 
equally  divided  among  the  people,  the  same  people 
who  now  have  it  would  get  it  again  in  a  very  short 
time."  I  asked  him  if  he  was  willing  to  change 
certain  laws  about  the  banking  business,  then  di- 
vide the  property  and  money  of  the  United  States 
equally  among  the  people?  He  said  "  he  did  not 
want  to  have  any  such  thing  done/'  When  I  asked 
him  to  specifically  name  his  objections  to  such  a 
transaction  he  replied  "that  it  would  not  be  fair 
to  take  what  he  made  and  give  it  to  some  one  who 
had  not  made  it."  Then  when  I  reminded  him 
that  he  had  said  he  would  have  it  all  back  in  a 
short  time  he  said  that  "if  the  law  was  changed 
about  banking  he  would  not  have  the  same  chance 
to  get  it  back  that  he  now  had  to  keep  it."  I  told 
him  that  I  agreed  with  him  on  his  last  statement, 
but  if  I  should  agree  with  him  in  his  first  statement 
I  could  not  see  how  the  changed  law  and  division 
of  property  would  affect  his  ability,  and  if  it  did 
affect  it,  then  I  said  the  banking  law  must  be  a  part 
of  his  ability.  Then  he  replied  that  "banking laws 
were  something  that  our  congressmen  would  at- 
tend to."  At  this  part  of  the  conversation  tho 
train   stopped   and   the   banker   bid  me  good-by. 


166  SPEECHES 

and  with  a  pleasant  smile  greeted  a  crowd  that 
was  awaiting  at  the  depot  to  escort  him  to  the 
opera  house,  where  he  was  to  make  a  speech  in 
favor  of  a  law  allowing  the  banks  to  issue  all  the 
money  and  retire  the  government  from  the  bank- 
ing business.  The  fellow  was  a  candidate  for 
Congress. 

As  the  train  left  the  station  I  took  from  my 
valise  a  little  book  of  statistics  and  found  that  79 
per  cent,  of  our  Congressmen  and  6;^  per  cent,  of 
our  Senators  were  either  bankers  or  bank  directors, 
then  I  thought  his  last  remark  was  true,  that  our 
Congressmen  would  attend  to  the  banking  laws 
all  right,  especially  from  a  banker's  point  of  view. 
I  then  thought  of  a  path  up  the  mountain  side 
that  was  so  crooked  a  traveler  going  up  would 
ro^et  himself  coming  back. 

Thanks  for  your  attention. 


SPEECH    DELIVERED    AT    JACKSONVILLE,  1t^^ 
DECEMBER  15,  1897,  BY  C.  A.  BOGARDUS. 


OUR    FINANCIAL    SYSTEM. 

Mr.  Chairman,  Ladies  and  Gentlemen: — I  am 
going  to  request  my  hearers  this  evening  to  be 
not  possessed  of  party  prejudice.  If  there  is  any 
one  feature  of  the  human  mind  that  works  more 
disaster  to  civilization  and  humanity,  than  an 
other,  that  feature  is  political  partyism  made 
blind  by  prejudice.  Prejudice  blinds  the  eye  to 
light  and  benumbs  the  mind  until  reason  is  shut 
out.  The  bible  says,  "And  if  the  blind  lead  the 
blind,  both  shall  fall  into  the  ditch." 

In  examining  any  proposition  we  should  not  pro- 
ceed to  change  reasons  and  facts  to  suit  our 
thoughts,  but  rather  remove  all  prejudice  from 
our  mind  and  then  change  our  thoughts  to  agree 
with  the  facts.  For  my  part  I  would  that  all 
voters  and  their  wives  and  children  would  form 
themselves  into  a  party  of  political  truthseekers. 
When  that  is  done  humanity,  justice  and  a  pure 
government  of  all  the  people  by  all  the  people  and 
for  all  the  people,  will  form  the  armor  of  our 
civilization. 

But  as  long  as  blind  partyism  prevails  men  will 
get  into  heated  political  discussions  that  only 
widen  the  gulf  of  misunderstanding.  Misleading 
newspaper  articles  will  make  the  gulf  deeper,  and 
ihe  cunning  hand  of  plutocracy  and  coercion  will 

167 


168  SPEECHES 

widen  the  waters  of  the  gulf  into  a  vast  restless 
ocean,  without  even  the  signs  of  a  rainbow  to  teii 
them  that  the  great  storm  of  poverty  and  human 
slavery  to  the  money  power,  that  knows  no  love, 
no  mercy,  no  justice  or  Christianity,  shall  not  con- 
tinue forever  and  anon. 

As  we  stand  on  a  mountain  crest  and  cast  our 
eye  over  the  wide  extent  of  country,  it  is  the  more 
proxinent  features  that  impress  themselves  on  our 
vision.  The  lesser  details,  the  waving  field,  the 
blooming  bush,  the  evergreen  moss,  the  singing 
bird  and  fragrant  rose,  which  attract  the  attention 
and  admiration  of  the  immediate  bystander,  are 
lost  to  our  view  by  the  distance.  But  the  range 
of  forest-clad  hills,  the  winding  river,  the  crystal 
lake,  the  wide  expanse  of  fertile  plains  and  snow- 
capped mountain  peaks,  determine  the  landscape 
and  claim  our  attention. 

We  of  the  United  States  are  to-day  surrounded 
by  the  Anglo-American  civilization  of  the  closing 
days  of  the  19th  century.  Let  us  from  this  heighi 
glance  along  the  road  of  our  nation's  journe). 
hither.  We  can  at  best  only  hope  to  notice  thd 
more  prominent  lines  of  advance.  To  carefully 
trace  the  growth  of  all  the  departments  would  not 
only  greatly  exceed  the  limited  time  at  our  com- 
mand this  evening,  but  would  also  confuse  us  by 
the  multiplicity  of  subjects  demanding  our  atten- 
tion. 

When  God  created  man  in  his  own  image  and 
placed  him  on  earth,  he  gave  man  dominion  over 
the  earth  and  all  the  fullness  thereof.  There  is  an 
old  maxim  which  teaches,  that  through  respect  for 


OP  C.  A.  BOGARDUS  169 

the  giver,  we  should  not  give,  barter  or  sell  away 
a  present.  God  gave  the  earth  and  all  that  in  it 
is  to  mankind.  May  we  not  here  ask,  to  what 
mankind  was  the  earth  given?  And  what  is  meant 
by  man  ?  It  is  plain  to  the  student  that  by  man  is 
meant  all  mankind,  for  all  time  so  long  as  he 
shall  live,  for  we  find  in  research  of  the  scripture 
that  "God  is  not  God  of  the  dead  but  of  the  liv- 
ing." I  want  to  ask  you  in  the  name  of  justice  and 
humanity,  should  a  great  majority  of  mankind 
now,  in  the  strongest  and  most  highly  civilized 
country,  give  the  earth  and  its  abundance  to  the 
money  corporations,  trusts  and  combines,  that  are 
in  reality  transforming  our  beloved  republic  into  a 
"Den  of  Thieves;''  or  should  we  keep  possession 
of  the  bountiful  gift,  that  our  children  and  the 
children  of  the  generations  to  follow  will  inherit 
the  land,  that  was  so  graciously  presented  to  all 
mankind,  by  an  all  wise  Providence  ? 

One  of  the  uppermost  features  in  our  civilization 
to-day  is  our  national  medium  of  exchange,  called 
"money."  Reasonable  men  of  all  parties  agree 
that  our  money  should  be  sound  and  honest,  and 
limited  only  in  amount  by  the  necessities  and 
requirements  of  the  citizens  of  our  country,  in 
striving  after  a  nobler  and  higher  civilization  in 
which  the  greatest  good  to  the  greatest  number 
shall  be  the  pinnacle  of  ultimate  achievement. 

In  June  of  1896,  the  representatives  of  a  great 
party  met  in  national  convention  in  the  city  of 
St.  Louis,  Mo.,  and  outlined  a  party  platform  in 
which  we  find  a  plank  which  says:  "We  are  there- 
fore opposed  to  the  free  coinage  of  silver,  except 


170  SPEECHES 

by  international  agreement  with  the  leading  com- 
mercial nations  of  the  world,  which  we  pledge 
ourselves  to  promote,  and  until  such  agreement 
can  be  obtained,  the  existing  gold  standard  must 
be  preserved. 

As  we  think  of  and  discuss  this  or  any  other 
proposition,  the  question  foremost  in  our  mind 
should  be:  Is  that  proposition,  if  adopted,  likely 
to  promote  the  interest  of  an  independent  liberty 
loving,  Democratic  people,  or  will  it,  if  adopted, 
work  in  an  opposite  direction? 

In  my  judgment,  a  careful  examination  of  that 
plank  will  reveal  the  fact  that  it  is  hypocritical  in 
the  extreme,  and  in  itself  makes  by  its  own  declar- 
ation, improbable  the  very  thing  it  pretends  to 
advocate  and  pledge  itself  to  support,  namely: 
Bimetallism,  by  an  international  agreement  with 
the  leading  commercial  nations  of  the  world. 

There  is  no  business  man,  farmer  or  politician, 
who  has  ever  successfully  accomplished  any  under- 
taking by  adopting  the  idea  most  prominent  in  this 
plank,  which  is  declaring  bimetallism  to  be  right, 
and  then  saying  that  we  cannot  and  will  not  do 
anything  to  procure  it  if  the  leading  commercial 
nations  of  the  world  do  not  consent  to  it. 

Let  us  examine  this  plank  in  detail,  and  see  if 
the  general  proposition  of  waiting  for  our  common 
enemy  to  assist  us  in  helping  ourselves  is  not 
ridiculous. 

We  notice  that  the  party  in  drawing  up  this 
plank,  says:  *'That  they  pledge  themselves  to  pro- 
mote bimetallism  by  international  agreement;" 
then  in  the  next  clause,  say;  *'and  until  such  an 


OF  C.  A.  BOGARDUS.  171 

agreement  can  be  obtained,  the  existing  gold 
standard  must  be  preserved." 

Let  me  illustrate:  Suppose  this  gentleman  on 
my  right  having  a  horse  fairly  worth  on  the  market 
lioo,  should  say  to  the  young  man  on  my  left  that 
he  desired  to  sell  the  animal.  If  the  young  man 
u^ished  to  buy  he  would  ask  the  price  of  the  horse. 
I  ask,  what  would  the  owner  receive  for  his  steed, 
if  he  should  reply,  "Well,  I  ask  $ioo,  but  if  you 
will  not  give  that  much,  I  will  take  S25." 

Now,  my  gold  standard  friends,  do  you  not  know 
that  the  purchaser  would  take  advantage  of  the 
seller  and  only  give  $25  for  the  horse. 

When  the  party  at  St.  Louis  pledged  themselves 
to  promote  international  bimetallism,  and  then 
asserted,  "until  such  an  agreement  can  be  obtained 
the  existing  gold  standard  must  be  preserved." 
They  in  effect,  like  the  man  with  the  horse,  put 
their  business  in  the  other  fellow's  hands;  for  was 
not  that  clause  simply  another  way  of  saying  to 
ihe  foreigner,  if  you  will  not  give  us  bimetallism 
we  will  take  the  gold  standard,  although  we  prefer 
the  bimetallic  standard? 

Fellow  citizens,  I  ask  you  in  the  name  of  Ameri- 
can independence,  does  it  not  appear  as  though 
there  was  a  colored  gentleman  somewhere  in  the 
back  ground?  Let  us  examine  further,  and  we  will 
see  that  the  colored  man  wears  a  British  coat  of 
arms,  and  has  his  American  office  on  Williams 
street,  New  York  city. 

We  will  make  no  mistakes  in  our  conclusion  if 
we  understand  the  facts,  and  to  more  clearly  ap- 
pcccUte  <he  full  international  effect,  of  the  plank 


172  SPEECHES 

under  examination,  let  us  draw  another  picture 
from  human  nature.  We  will  imagine  you  people 
of  Jacksonville  to  be  a  little  sporty,  and  that  you 
have  in  your  midst  a  prize  fighter  of  whom  you 
are  quite  proud,  we  will  also  suppose  that  Spring- 
field has  a  character  of  the  same  kind,  and  the  St. 
Louis  Athletic  club  should  offer  $50,000  as  a  purse 
for  a  fistic  contest  between  these  two  champions, 
$40,000  to  be  the  reward  of  the  winner  and  $10,000 
to  soothe  the  wounds  of  the  defeated  pugilist. 
We  will  suppose  the  fight  is  arranged  and  the  men 
go  into  careful  training,  the  time  for  the  mill  has 
at  last  arrived,  the  ring  is  complete,  and  all  details 
perfect.  A  large  audience  has  assembled  and  bet- 
ting is  liberally  indulged  in,  of  course  Jacksonville 
sports  back  their  home  man.  A  t  the  appointed  hour 
the  contestants  enter  the  ring.  Then  you  see  your 
Jacksonville  man  is  much  the  superior  in  appear- 
ence  to  the  Springfield  upstart.  Your  man  being 
the  quicker  and  stronger,  has  a  longer  reach,  and 
is  the  more  scientific.  (America  is  quicker  and 
stronger,  has  a  longer  reach,  and  is  more  scientific 
than  any  other  nation  on  earth.)  You  feel  sure 
your  man  will  win  the  fight  on  short  notice,  in  fact 
you  almost  pity  the  man  from  Springfield,  to  see 
that  he  must  compete  in  a  fistic  combat  with  such 
a  giant  as  the  Jacksonville  Gladiator.  The  ref- 
eree announces  that  Marquis  of  Oueensbury's  rules 
are  to  govern,  he  looks  at  his  watch  and  announces 
that  in  one  minute  the  fight  will  be  on,  the  fighters 
raise  their  hands  to  position.  When  just  a  few 
seconds  of  time  still  remains  before  the  slugging 
is  to  commence,  your  Jacksonville  man  says  to  his 


OF  C.  A.  HOGARDUS.  173 

opponent,  hold  on,  if  you  don't  run,  I  will. 
What  I  ask  you  would  you  think  of  your  prize 
fighter  then?  Think  of  the  United  States  training 
for  a  century  for  supremacy  of  American  self- 
government  over  foreign  monarchial  governments, 
then  when  all  things  are  completed  for  the  final 
fight  of  the  survival  of  the  fittest,  a  great  party 
saying  to  the  monarchies  of  Europe,  we  know  bi- 
metallism is  right,  but  if  you  will  not  consent  to  it, 
then  we  will  stick  to  the  gold  standard.  If  you 
don't  run,  we  will.     (Great  laughter  and  applause.) 

Party  prejudice  prevailed  and  through  the  mis- 
representations of  the  papers  and  certain  un- 
scrupulous politicians  the  party  making  those  rep- 
resentations carried  the  election.  International 
bimetallic  commissioners  were  sent  to  the  foreign 
countries  to  procure  this  great  international  agree- 
ment, and  did  they  get  it?     Facts  answer  no. 

Let  me  again  implore  you  to  lay  aside  party 
prejudice  and  look  matters  squarely  in  the  face 
and  we  will  immediately  see,  that  not  only  did  Mr. 
Wolcott  and  his  party  make  a  signal  failure  in 
procuring  international  bimetallism,  but  by  the 
very  terms  of  the  St.  Louis  platform  it  was  impos- 
sible for  him  to  succeed  in  his  alleged  purpose. 
Now  my  friends  let  us  suppose  Mr.  Wolcott  and 
his  two  associates  are  in  England  talking  with  the 
rich  moneyed  men  for  international  bimetallism 
and  Mr.  Wolcott  is  dealing  out  sledge-hammer 
argument  in  favor  of  international  bimetallism, 
using  the  same  argument  in  England  the  Bryan 
Democrats  used  in  the  campaign  of  1896  in  the 
United    States.     The    financial    men    of    England 


174  SPEECHES 

would  then  say  to  Mr.  Wolcott,  did  not  you  say 
that  bimetallism  in  the  United  States  meant  50- 
cent  dollars?  Mr.  Wolcott  would  answer,  yes  I 
said  that;  whereupon  the  Englishman  would  say 
then  international  bimetallism  would  mean  inter- 
national 50-cent  dollars.  Question  No.  2.  Mr. 
Wolcott,  did  not  you  say  bimetallism  in  the  United 
States  meant  repudiation  ?  Yes,  would  come  from 
Mr.  Wolcott.  Then  the  Englishman  would  reply, 
would  not  international  bimetallism  mean  interna- 
tional repudiation  ?  Question  No.  3.  Mr.  Wolcott 
did  you  not  tell  the  people  of  the  United  Statey 
that  free  silver  over  there  meant  anarchy  and  lost 
confidence  ?  again  Mr.  Wolcott  is  forced  to  admit 
that  was  just  what  he  said  here  in  1896.  In  a 
triumphant  air  the  Englishman  would  say  interna' 
tional  free  silver  would  mean  international  anarchy 
and  international  lost  confidence.  (Laughter  and 
applause.)  If  Mr.  Wolcott  should  further  continue 
the  argument  what  could  the  poor  fellow  say  il 
the  Englishman  would  draw  the  Republican  plat- 
form of  '96  on  him  and  read  the  following,  "An^ 
until  such  agreement  can  be  obtained  the  existing 
gold  standard  must  be  preserved."  Johnny  BuU 
would  add,  you  Americans  served  notice  on  us  thav 
all  we  had  to  do  was  to  stick  to  the  gold  standarc 
and  you  would  also  stick  to  it. 

Now,  we  money  men  of  England  think  we  cat 
get  more  bushels  of  corn,  oats,  rye  and  barley,  mor^^ 
days  labor  of  you  fellows  for  what  you  owe  ur, 
under  the  gold  standard  than  we  could  undcv' 
international  bimetallism.  We  know  it  is  hard  o*t 
you,  but  it  is  the  making  of  us,  and  we  will  stic^ 


OP  C.  A.  BOGARDUS.  175 

to  the  gold  standard;  and  as  you  said  you  would 
stick  to  it  if  we  did,  all  we  can  do  for  you,  Mr. 
Wolcott,  is  to  serve  you  a  fine  wine  supper,  and 
tell  you  to  return  to  America  and  stick  to  the  gold 
standard.     (Great  applause.) 

My  friends,  the  most  ridiculous  proceeding  I 
ever  heard  of  was  the  Republican  party  sending 
commissioners  abroad  to  procure  international 
bimetallism  with  that  plank  staring  them  in  the 
face.  I  want  to  ask  you  if  you  do  not  think  that 
if  Mr.  Wolcott  would  have  taken  a  carload  or  two 
of  the  Republican  literature  of  1896,  and  handed 
out  the  pamphlets  to  the  Englishmen,  saying  this 
is  what  we  think  of  free  silver  in  the  United  States, 
will  you  help  us  to  have  it  by  an  international 
action?  Would  not  that  kind  of  literature  hurt 
the  cau'-e  instead  of  helping  it  ?  For  my  part,  I 
have  no  objections  to  the  President  sending  a  sen- 
ator from  Colorado  to  the  foreign  countries  to 
advocate  bimetallism,  but  I  do  insist  that  he  sent 
the  wrong  senator.  Most  certainly  Mr.  Teller  could 
have  gone  abroad  with  a  little  handful  of  free  sil- 
ver literature  that  was  left  over  in  the  campaign  of 
'96  and  accomplished  more,  in  a  day's  honest  con- 
sistent work,  for  bimetallism  than  could  Senator 
Wolcott  with  the  tons  of  gold  standard  pamphlets 
published  by  the  Republican  party.  (Great 
applause.) 

A  noticeable  fact  is  that  one  of  the  greatest  job 
lots  of  political  trickery  and  deception  that  was 
ever  attempted  in  America  has  been  practiced  in 
the  United  States  since  the  month  of  June,  1896. 

Later  in  the  season  the  so-called  Gold-standard 


176  SPEECHES 

Democrats  conventioncd  in  Indianapolis;  their 
money  plank  reads,  ''We  assert  the  necessity  of 
such  intelligent  currency  reform  as  will  confine  the 
government  to  its  legitimate  functions,  completely 
separated  from  the  banking  business,  and  afford 
to  all  sections  of  our  country  a  safe,  uniform  and 
elastic  bank  currency,  under  government  super- 
vision, measured  in  volume  by  the  need  of  busi- 
ness/' Strange  as  it  may  seem,  while  Mr.  Wolcott 
was  abroad,  pretendingly  for  the  purpose  of  pro- 
curing bimetallism  by  international  agreement, 
the  President  and  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  were 
working  up  a  scheme  to  have  the  gold  standard 
adopted  according  to  the  tenor  of  the  Indianapolis 
platform.  When  we  consider  7,000,000  voted  for 
international  free  silver,  and  6,500,000  voted  for 
independent  free  silver,  we  see  the  United  States 
has  13,500,000  bimetallists;  only  134,000,  or  less 
than  one  per  cent,  voted  the  Gold-standard  Demo- 
cratic ticket.  Yet,  my  friends,  we  to-day  find  Mr. 
Gage  trying  to  overrule  the  desire  of  more  than 
ninety-nine  per  cent,  and  put  into  law  the  will  of 
less  than  one  per  cent,  of  our  voting  population. 
And  what  amount  of  money  do  the  gold  standard 
people  want  ?  They  say  they  want  it  safe,  uniform 
and  elastic,  measured  in  volume  by  the  need  of 
business.  Will  you  tell  me  by  whose  business 
they  wish  to  measure  the  volume  of  money?  It 
cannot  be  the  farmers'  business  and  the  merchants' 
business  they  would  have  to  measure  the  volume 
by,  for  that  would  make  a  double  standard  of  meas- 
urement, and  they  tell  us  we  cannot  have  b"t  one 
Standard  of  measurement. 


OF  C.  A.  ROGARDUS.  ITT 

Then  I  ask,  whose  business  will  measure  the 
amount  under  such  a  law?  To  me  the  answer 
comes  back  in  reverberating  tones  repeated  with 
emphasis,  measured  in  volume  according  to  the 
banker's  business,  of  course.  Our  philosophers 
tell  us  there  are  two  kinds  of  elasticity — elasticity 
bycompression  and  elasticity  by  expansion.  Thus 
an  elastic  substance  after  being  either  compressed 
or  expanded  when  released,  returns  to  its  original 
shape  and  size,  so  when  the  bankers  want  money 
expanded  in  volume  according  to  the  need  of  their 
business,  they  would  expand  it,  and  whenever 
their  business  ends  is  best  accomplished  by  con- 
traction; then,  of  course,  contraction  is  tlie  program 
with  them.  While  the  Government  is  completely 
separated  from  the  banking  business  so  they  can 
furnish  no  relief,  we  might  compare  that  system 
with  an  alligator  on  the  banks  of  a  Louisiana  river 
laying  out  to  sun  himself;  he  gets  the  banker's 
elastic  idea  in  his  head,  and  his  upper  jaw  flies 
over  his  back,  and  his  mouth  is  twice  as  large  as 
when  it  is  closed,  elasticity  by  expansion  (laughter). 
A  sweet  substance  gathers  on  his  open  mouth,  and 
the  flies  light  there  to  eat  it  (just  as  the  people  will 
gather  around  the  bankers  for  money  when  there  is 
no  other  place  to  procure  it.)  The  flies  gather 
thicker  and  thicker,  and  the  mouth  gets  bigger  and 
bigger,  more  and  more  elasticity  by  expansion; 
finally  the  alligator  like  the  banker,  happens  to 
think  that  there  is  another  kind  of  elasticity,  when 
down  comes  the  upper  jaw  on  the  lower  jaw  and 
the  flies  are  caught  in  the  trap,  and  the  Govern- 
ment shal"  go  out  of  the  banking  business  to  fur- 


178  SPEECHES 

nish  no  relief  or  escape  (cries  of  good  and  cheers). 
My  friends,  if  I  mistake  not,  every  cry  of  the 
"Republican  party  from  the  time  of  John  C.  Fre- 
mont until  the  campaign  of  1S96  has  been  against 
banks  issuing  paper  money  except  that  the  Govern- 
ment v^^as  strictly  in  the  banking  business.  Have 
not  they  alv/ays  told  us,  that  when  state  or  other 
banks  issue  paper  money  without  the  Government 
in  the  banking  business  to  back  up  the  issue,  such 
money  in  case  of  a  failure  of  the  issuing  bank 
became  wild-cat  money,  and  did  they  not  say  to  us 
wild  cat  money  made  paupers?  Now  they  go 
squarely  back  on  all  they  have  taught  us  on  the 
money  question,  and  advocate  the  wild-cat  money 
system  themselves  according  to  their  own  state- 
ments. One  thing  I  will  concede  is,  that  the 
Republicans  and  gold  standard  Democrats  are 
certainly  on  their  past  statements  entitled  to  the 
$1,000,000  offered  by  the  United  States  patent 
office  for  the  invention  of  a  perpetual  motion, 
would  not  they  have  a  complete  and  perfect  per- 
petual motion  in  their  bank  issuing  money  with  the 
Government  completely  separate  from  the  banking 
business,  for  we  see  the  bank  issue  would  be  made 
of  paper,  so  we  have  the  perpetual  motion  in  this 
simple  problem.  Rags  make  paper,  paper  makes 
money,  money  makes  banks,  banks  make  paupers, 
and  paupers  make  rags.  Rags  make  paper,  paper 
makes  money  (great  cheer  and  laughter). 

Now  my  friends,  let  me  read  you  a  plank  in  a 
platform  that  contains  the  spirit  upon  which  our 
forefathers  freed  the  thirteen  American  colonies 
from  England,  the  spirit  on  which  their  descend- 


OF  C.  A.  BOGARDUS.  179 

ants  maintained  American  liberty  and  builded  fi  cm 
3,000,000  population  along  the  Atlantic  shores  in 
1781,  a  nation  of  70,000,000  grand  Anglo-Ameri- 
cans, with  their  half  a  hundred  states  and  terri- 
tories extending  from  the  rock  bound  coast  of  the 
pine  tree  state  to  the  golden  gates  of  California, 
stretching  over  a  vast  area  of  more  than  3,000,000 
square  miles,  with  great  cities,  towns,  villages  and 
hamlets,  with  our  colleges  and  universities  that  are 
equaled  by  none  in  Europe.  I  will  now  read  you 
the  money  plank  of  the  Chicago  platform,  which 
contains  the  spirit  represented  by  the  statute  at 
New  York,  of  liberty  enlightening  the  world.  It 
is  as  follows:  "We  demand  the  free  and  unlimited 
coinage  of  both  gold  and  silver  at  the  present 
legal  ratio  of  16  to  1,  without  waiting  for  the 
aid  or  consent  of  any  other  nation.  We  demand 
that  the  standard  silver  dollar  shall  be  a  full  legal 
tender  equally  with  gold,  for  the  payment  of  all 
debts  public  and  private,  and  we  favor  such  legis- 
lation as  will  in  the  future  prevent  the  demonetiza- 
tion of  any  kind  of  legal  tender  money  by  private 
contract."  While  bimetallism  is  the  theme  this 
evening,  you  will  excuse  me  for  intruding  on  your 
time  long  enough,  to  briefly  comment  on  the  spirit 
of  that  plank  that  shines  prominently  above  all 
other  issues  in  the  Chicago  platform — it  is  these 
simple  words,  "Without  waiting  for  the  aid  or 
consent  of  any  other  nation."  I  want  to  ask  you, 
what  would  have  been  the  result  if  our  forefathers 
in  1776  had  adopted  any  other  spirit  than 
this?  Does  not  the  answer  immediately  echo  th«**. 
we  would  be  to-day  English? 


180  SPEECHES 

History  tells  us  that  while  the  British  red  coats 
with  their  muskets  were  invading  the  colonies,  a 
handful  of  bold  liberty  loving  men  met  at  Phila- 
delphia and  signed  the  Declaration  of  Independ- 
ence. You  may  read  that  instrument  and  you  will 
see  that  it  declares  for  American  liberty  from  an 
American  point  of  view,  without  waiting  for  the 
aid  or  consent  of  any  other  nation.  When  bold  old 
non-international  agreement  John  Hancock  read 
that  declaration,  he  made  a  speech  to  the  multitude 
in  front  of  Liberty  hall,  in  which  he  implored  them 
to  throw  aside  trivial  differences,  and  on  the  main 
question  of  independence,  all  good  liberty  loving 
people  should  hang  together.  Benjamin  Franklin 
replied:  Yes,  we  must  all  hang  together  or  we  will 
all  hang  separate.  In  Franklin's  witticism,  I  think 
I  can  see  the  solution  of  our  present  financial 
trouble — the  good  people  of  all  parties  must  solve 
the  problem,  then  we  must  all  hang  together  or  we 
will  all  hang  separately  to  the  tail  of  the  old  British 
lion,  and  while  we  voters  are  thus  suspended,  the 
cubs  of  that  lion  will  devour  the  young  Anglo- 
American  eagle  before  they  scarcely  have  time  to 
scream  for  mercy. 

Not  only  did  that  spirit  of  independence  pervade 
in  Philadelphia  in  1776,  but  it  was  foremost  at 
Bunker  Hill.  But  Benedict  Arnold  and  Major 
Andre  seemed  to  have  taken  a  different  view,  and 
the  former  fled  to  English  assistance,  the  latter  was 
executed  because  of  his  attempt  to  do  likewise. 
But  the  spirit  of  independence,without  waiting  for 
the  consent  of  any  other  nation,  shone  forth  like  a 
plumed  knight  or  a  mighty  gladiator  on  the  19th 


OF  C.  A.  BOGARDUS.  181 

day  of  October,  1781,  at  Yorktown,  when  the 
British  gave  up  their  swords  and  surrendered  to 
the  liberty  loving  fathers  of  America.  Do  you 
think  Cornwallis  would  have  surrendered  to  Wash- 
ington if  the  colonial  Congress  had  declared  that 
they  would  promote  independence  by  interna- 
tional agreement,  and  until  such  agreement  could 
be  obtained,  the  existing  will  of  King  George  must 
be  maintained,  and  if  Washington  and  his  army 
had  fought  for  English  instead  of  American 
supremacy  ? 

I  want  to  say  to  you  that  it  was  not  the  inter- 
national agreement  spirit  that  won  in  the  war  of 
1812  at  New  Orleans.  General  Jacksen  told  his 
Kentucky  riflemen  to  keep  their  powder  dry  and 
guns  well  loaded,  and  when  they  were  close  enough 
to  see  the  white  of  the  enemies  eyes  to  shoot  di- 
rectly between  them.  History  tells  us  that  the 
third  volley  charmed  and  the  British  surrendered 
to  the  American  army  once  more  without  an  inter- 
national agreement. 

In  the  blackest  of  the  dark  days  of  the  late  re- 
bellion when  the  possible,and  toa  certain  extent  the 
seeming  probable  success  of  the  confederacy  was 
spreading  like  an  appalling  cloud  over  our  country, 
we  find  it  on  record  that  the  English  were  prepar- 
ing their  man-of-war  and  navy  to  assist  the  South 
when  the  illustrious  Lincoln  said  *' Hands  off" 
and  it  was  so;  suppose  Mr.  Lincoln  had  said  to 
England,  "  Let  us  have  an  international  agreement 
that  you  are  not  to  interfere."  Why,  my  friends, 
I  believe  England  would  have  signed  such  an  agree- 
ment  the   day   after    Mr.    Lincoln   had   acknowl- 


182  SPEECHES 

edged  the  independence  of  the  Southern  states  and 
not  before.  We  may  as  well  know  that  the  success 
of  a  Republican  or  Democratic  form  of  government 
is  envied  by  all  the  monarchies  or  empires  where 
the  people  have  less  self-government.  The  gold 
standard  monarchies  or  empires  will  never,  know- 
ingly, do  anything  to  improve  times  in  a  republic 
and  thus  create  among  their  subjects  a  desire  to 
throw  off  the  monarchial  yoke  of  oppression. 

I  know  that  much  has  been  said  against  the 
American  republic  becoming  entangled  with  Eu- 
ropean powers,  but  I  fear  that  many  in  treating  on 
this  line  do  not  show  the  real  menace  of  such  an 
entanglement.  We  all  know  that  the  laws  of  the 
empires  and  monarchies  are  in  the  interest  of  the 
moneyed  classes,  and  we  are  proud  to  say  that  in 
America  our  laws  are  for  the  masses. 

Let  me  tell  you  by  way  of  comparison  why  we 
should  keep  out  of  an  international  agreement  en- 
tanglement on  the  money  question.  I  will  use  the 
tariff  as  an  illustration.  I  care  not  what  your  poli- 
tics may  be,  you  will  all  agree  with  me  that  there 
was  one  redeeming  feature  in  the  McKinley  Bill. 
That  same  good  feature  was  in  the  Wilson-Gormon 
act,  and  the  same  quality  of  goodness  to-day  shines 
forth  in  the  present  Dingley  tariff  law.  Do  you 
ask  what  that  feature  is?  I  answer  it  is  this: 
That  law  was  passed  by  the  independent  action  of 
an  American  Congress.  If  we  do  not  like  it  we 
can  repeal  it,  without  waiting  for  the  aid  or  con- 
sent of  any  other  nation  on  earth. 

Our  Government  bonds  are  all  payable  in  coins 
of  the  United  States  of  the  standard   weight  and 


OF  C.  A.  BOGARDUS.  183 

value  of  July  14,  1870;  that  weight  was  23.22 
grains  of  gold  or  371.25  grains  of  silver  to  the 
dollar.  The  value  of  those  coins  was  that  they 
were  a  legal  tender  in  the  payment  of  debts. 

If  we  have  an  international  agreement  for  bi- 
metallism we  can  not  have  it  all  our  own  way,  the 
foreigner  would  be  entitled  to  a  voice.  Suppose 
we  would  fix  the  ratio  at  ai^r  other  than  the  ratio 
of  July  14th,  1S70.  Then  our  dollars  would  no 
longer  be  of  the  weight  that  the  bonds  call  for 
and  the  foreigner  would  have  the  best  of  us,  for 
our  own  coins  would  not  be  a  legal  tender  in  pay- 
ment of  our  bonds.  Now  suppose  we  wanted  to 
repeal  that  law,  could  we  repeal  it  by  international 
agreement  ?  well,  I  guess  not.  The  foreigners 
would  never  consent  to  the  repeal  of  a  law  that 
was  to  their  advantage.  Therein  lies  the  real 
menace  of  an  international  agreement  even  if  we 
could  get  it.  The  only  way  we  could  ever  get  rid 
of  that  agreement  would  be  just  to  back  squarely 
out,  then  we  might  properly  be  called  repudiators. 

We  often  hear  it  said  that  the  congress  of  1792 
used  great  care  to  put  just  a  dollar's  worth  of  sil- 
ver in  a  silver  dollar  and  a  dollar's  worth  of  gold 
in  the  gold  dollar.  Now  while  it  is  true  that  ac- 
cording to  the  law  of  April  2nd,  1792,  a  dollar's 
worth  of  silver  was  put  in  the  silver  dollar,  the 
amount  of  silver  became  worth  a  dollar  as  a  creat- 
ure of  liLw,  and  it  is  not  true  that  the  silver  dollar 
Decame  worth  a  dollar  because  of  the  value  of  the 
silver  contained  in  it.  That  congress  made  the 
dollar  just  as  God  made  man.  God  said,  "Let  us 
make  man"  and  the  Lord  God  formed  man  of   the 


184  SPEECHES 

dust  of  the  ground  and  breathed  into  his  nostrils 
the  breath  of  life  and  man  became  a  living  soul. 
God  did  not  study  and  bother  his  mind  about 
taking  a  man's  worth  of  dust  to  make  a  man. 
No,  he  took  some  dust  of  the  ground  and  formed 
therefrom  a  man  and  by  his  own  authority  breathed 
the  breath  of  life  in  man's  nostrils  and  man  thus  be- 
came a  living  soul.  God  then  gave  man  legal 
authority  over  the  living  creatures  of  the  earth 
and  also  gave  him  authority  to  replenish  the  earth. 
Man's  rights  came  from  the  power  of  God. 

The  constitution  says  congress  shall  have  power 
to  coin  money  and  regulate  the  value  thereof.  So 
congress  made  the  dollar  as  God  made  man, 
and  the  American  congress  formed  the  dollar  of 
the  silver  and  gold  of  the  earth,  put  the  eagle  on 
one  side  of  the  coin  and  breathed  into  that  coin 
the  legal  tender  law,  and  the  bimetallic  dollar 
became  a  living  soul  of  prosperity  for  eighty-one 
years  as  long  as  the  silver  and  gold  were  allowed 
to  fly  side  by  side;  but  when  in  1873  the  wings 
were  clipped  from  the  silver  and  the  legal  tender 
breath  shut  off,  then  the  gold  had  to  do  all  the 
work;  it  being  too  weak  to  do  so,  adversity  came. 

They  tell  us  that  law  cannot  regulate  value  and 
that  gold  never  changes  in  value.  Let  us  for  a 
moment  form  ourselves  into  a  party  of  truthseek- 
ers  and  look  up  the  record  as  to  that  proposition. 
The  law  of  April  2nd,  1792,  said  371.75  grains  of 
silver  could  be  freely  coined  into  one  dollar,  or 
two  halfs,  or  four  quarters,  or  ten  dimes,  each  to 
be  a  legal  tender  at  its  face  value,  if  not  worn,  for 
any  amount;  that  law  also  said  24.75  grains  of  gold 


OF  C.  A.  BOGARDUS.  185 

could  be  coined  into  coins  of  the  value  of  the 
dollar;  of  course  you  understand  the  gold  was  in 
higher  denominations  than  the  dollar.  Now  let  us 
watch  carefully  as  to  whether  or  not  the  law  can- 
not regulate  value  and  that  gold  never  changes. 
In  1834  the  law  said  23.20  grains  of  gold  when 
coined  in  American  money  constituted  a  dollar. 
Let  me  see,  the  gold  has  changed  all  at  once  and 
ihe  law  regulates  the  amount  of  gold  that  goes 
in  a  dollar.  In  1837,  the  law  requires  23.22 
grains  of  gold  to  the  dollar,  another  change.  In 
1853  the  law  says  that  no  longer  shall  it  re- 
quire 371.75  grains  of  silver  to  make  a  dollar's 
worth  of  fractional  coins,  but  that  342.22 
grains  of  silver  would  make  two  halves,  four 
quarters  or  ten  dimes,  and  they  should  be  a 
legal  tender  in  the  payment  of  debts  for  $5. 
In  '73  the  coinage  of  the  standard  silver  dollar  was 
stopped  by  law,  and  silver  fell  in  price.  In  1878 
the  Bland-Allison  act  allowed  the  coinage  of  the 
standard  silver  dollar.  In  1890  the  Sherman  act 
called  for  more  silver  coinage  and  the  price  of  sil- 
ver immediately  advanced.  In  1893  the  coinage  of 
silver  was  again  stopped  and  the  price  of  silver 
dropped,  hence  we  see  that  the  law  does  regulate 
values,  and  that  gold  does  change  in  value  so  far 
even  as  the  dollar  is  concerned.  A  teacher  once 
told  Benjamin  Franklin  that  a  boy  told. him,  if  he 
would  take  a  large  tub  weighing  100  pounds 
and  put  500  pounds  of  water  in  it,  which  only 
about  half  filled  the  tub,  the  tub  and  water  would 
weigh  600  pounds,  but  if  he  would  put  a  live  fish 
weighing    100  pounds  in   the  tub,  the  tub,  watef 


186  SPEECHES 

and  fish  would  not  weigh  more  than  600  pounds. 
Can  you  explain  that  curious  contradiction  of  the 
law  of  gravity  asked  the  teacher  of  Franklin? 
Whereupon  Mr.  Franklin  requested  his  interroga- 
tor to  call  at  his  office  the  next  day.  Franklin 
procured  a  tub  weighing  100  pounds,  put  in  it  500 
pounds  of  water,  and  the  weight  was  600  pounds 
just  as  the  boy  had  told  the  teacher,  then  Mr. 
Franklin  added  a  loo-pound  live  fish  and  the  total 
weight  was  700  pounds.  The  next  day  the  teacher 
called  on  Franklin  for  his  solution  of  the  great 
problem  whereupon  Franklin  replied,  there  was 
but  one  solution  to  the  question.  What  is  that? 
anxiously  inquired  the  visitor.  Why,  replied 
Franklin,  the  boy  lied. 

My  friends,  when  they  tell  us  the  law  cannot 
regulate  value  and  that  gold  never  changes,  and 
when  we  examine  the  records  and  see  that  gold 
does  change  and  that  law  does  regulate  value  we 
say  there  is  but  one  answer  to  make  to  them,  and 
that  is  just  as  Franklin  answered  the  teacher  about 
the  boy. 

We  hear  it  said  by  the  Republicans  that  free  sil- 
ver would  drive  gold  out  of  the  country;  our  Dem- 
ocratic friends  tell  us  that  free  silver  will  not  drive 
gold  out  of  the  country.  So  we  see  on  that  point 
people  seem  to  differ  in  opinion.  For  my  part  I 
believe  that  free  silver  either  will  drive  the  gold 
out  or  else  it  will  not.  I  want  to  ask  the  Republi- 
cans to  acknowledge  for  the  sake  of  argument  that 
silver  would  not  drive  the  gold  out.  Now,  let  us 
examine  the  question  if  silver  don't  drive  the  gold 
out,  and  we  have  a  block  of  gold  large  enough  to 


OF  c.  A.  noGARnus.  187 

make  into  ^loo,  and  a  block  of  silver  sufficiently 
large  to  make  into  a  like  amount,  if  the  gold- 
standard  Democratic  idea  prevails,  all  the  money 
we  could  coin  would  be  the  $100  from  the  gold, 
for  silver  could  not  be  coined,  but  if  bimetallism 
prevailed  we  could  coin  ^100  from  the  gold  and 
Sioo  from  the  silver,  making  $200,  that  is,  if  the 
silver  does  not  drive  out  the  gold.  But  the  Re- 
publicans may  urge  that  free  silver  would  drive 
out  the  gold  by  the  gold  going  at  a  premium  over 
silver,  then  we  would  coin  the  block  of  silver  into 
100  legal  tender  dollars  and  the  gold  would  be  ex- 
changed for  a  block  of  silver  say  25  per  cent,  larger 
than  the  block  that  drove  it  out,  and  we  would 
coin  that  block  into  125  legal  tender  dollars,  add- 
ing it  to  the  silver  that  stayed  at  home,  making 
225  dollars,  just  825  more  than  we  would  have  if 
the  gold  did  not  advance  to  a  premium.  But  they 
tell  us  that  would  be  coining  the  cheapest 
metal.  Now,  honor  bright,  you  Republicans  can- 
not complain  of  that  for  the  reason  I  will  presently 
explain.  We  often  hear  it  urged  that  during  the 
eighty-one  years  of  bimetallism  in  the  United 
States  only  about  8,000,000  silver  dollars  were 
coined,  and  that  subsequently  to  1873  more  than 
400,000,000  have  been  coined.  True,  there  were 
only  about  8,000,000  dollar  pieces  made  of  the  sil- 
ver metal,  but  there  were  more  than  $8,000,000 
made  because  of  the  silver,  for  as  France  had  a 
ratio  of  15^  to  i  against  our  ratio  of  16  to  i  our 
gold  stayed  at  home  and  the  silver  was  at  a  3 
per  cent,  premium  over  the  gold  according  to  the 
French  ratio,  then  a  $100   block  of  gold  drove  a 


188  SPEECHES 

$ioo  block  of  silver  to  France,  and  drove  from 
France  to  America  a  block  of  gold  large  enough  to 
make  $103.  So  we  had  our  gold  made  into  $100, 
and  the  gold  that  came  from  France  in  exchange 
for  silver  made  into  8103,  making  a  total  of  $203, 
whereas  we  could  only  have  had  $200  if  one  metal 
had  not  gone  at  a  premium.  History,  arithme- 
tic and  common  sense  prove  the  correctness  of  this 
proposition. 

Abraham  Lincoln  once  said  he  did  not  know 
■much  about  the  tariff  question,  but  he  thought  he 
knew  enough  to  know  that  if  we  bought  $20  worth 
of  steel  rails  of  a  foreigner  the  foreigner  would 
have  the  money  and  we  would  have  the  rails;  but 
if  we  made  the  rails  in  America  and  bought  them 
of  an  American,  America  would  have  the  money 
and  the  rails  too.  Now,  my  Republican  friends, 
don't  you  believe  that  ?  I  do.  I  may  not  know 
much  about  the  money  question,  but  I  think  I 
know  enough  to  know  that  if  under  the  gold 
standard  we  borrow  $20,000,000  of  a  foreigner 
when  we  pay  it  back  the  foreigner  will  have  the 
money  and  the  interest  too,  but  if  we  coin  the  sil- 
ver, which  is  an  American  product,  into  legal  ten- 
der dollars,  borrow  $20,000,000  of  an  American, 
when  we  pay  it  back  it  kind  of  seems  to  me  some- 
how that  America  will  have  the  money  and  the  in- 
terest too.  What  say  you,  Lincoln  Republicans? 
But  another  objection  is  that  we  would  have  a 
great  commerce  destroying  flood  of  silver  in  this 
country.  Let  us  examine  that  proposition  as  seek- 
ers after  the  truth.  Here  comes  Mr.  Foreigner 
with  a  carload  or  two  of  silver,  the  United  States 


07  C.  A.  B0GARDU9.  189 

m'lnts  coins  it  into  legal  tender  American  dollars 
and  hands  it  back  to  Mr.  Foreigner.  Now,  Mr. 
Foreigner  will  either  take  that  silver  money  away 
with  him  or  else  he  will  leave  it  here.  If  he  takes 
it  away  it  will  not  flood  this  country,  will  it? 
Well,  if  he  leaves  it  here  he  will  either  give  it  to  us 
or  buy  something  with  it.  Now,  if  he  gives  it  to 
us  will  not  you  Republicans  be  willing  to  take  your 
share  ?  Won't  you  Democrats  willingly  receive 
your  share  ?  And,  I  ask,  is  there  a  gold  standard 
banker  in  all  America  who  would  not,  with  just  a 
tiny  wee  bit  of  persuading,  be  willing  to  take  the 
shares  of  both  Republicans  and  Democrats  ?  Now, 
if  Mr.  Foreigner  should  buy  something  with  this 
great  flood  of  silver  we  can  see  the  wisdom  of 
Mr.  Gladstone  when  he  said  "if  America  should 
adopt  bimetallism  they  would  within  six  weeks 
control  the  markets  of  the  world." 

A  favorite  expression  of  our  Republican  friends 
is,  that  because  Mexico  does  not  maintain  a  parity 
between  gold  and  silver  under  bimetallism,  the 
United  States  cannot.  When  a  man  tells  u3 
that  we  should  pity  him.  If  we  examine  that 
question  by  comparison  we  will  see  the  party 
making  such  a  statement  is  either  not  sin- 
cere, or  else  he  is  not  posted  on  the  relative 
strength  of  the  United  States  and  Mexico. 
Records  show  that  Mexico  has  700,000  square 
miles  of  land,  more  than  one-half  of  which  is 
nearly  or  quite  a  barren  desert  of  waste  land, 
leaving  only  about  350,000  miles  of  arable  land,  4,981 
miles  of  railway,  27,861  miles  of  telegraph  line  and 
a  population  of  10,000,000  Indians  and  Spaniards. 


190  SPEfiCHES 

The  United  States  has  3,460,000  square  miles,  over 
two-thirds  of  which  is  arable  land,  and  very  pro- 
ductive of  the  staple  articles  consumed  by  the 
most  enlightened  nations  of  the  world.  We  have 
170,000  miles  of  railway,  780,000  miles  of  telegraph 
line,  and  a  population  of  72,000,000  Anglo-Ameri- 
cans; thus  we  see  we  have  over  ten  times  as  much 
arable  land  exclusive  of  Alaska,  thirty-four  times 
as  much  railway,  twenty-nine  times  as  much  tele- 
graph line,  and  over  seven  times  the  population  0/ 
Mexico.  In  size,  wealth,  commerce  and  science, 
Mexico  is  not  to  be  compared  with  the  United 
States. 

When  we  compare  Mexico  with  the  Uniter' 
States,  we  are  comparing  it  with  the  most  giganti*" 
country  of  the  nineteenth  century.  You  can  form 
the  United  States  into  eighteen  states  each  as  large 
as  Spain,  or  thirty-one  states.as  large  as  Italy,  or 
sixty-two  states  each  as  large  as  England  and 
Wales.  What  a  mighty  confederation  of  land, 
water,  commerce,  wealth  and  people  is  the  United 
States  when  we  come  to  think  of  it.  Why  friends, 
we  can  take  five  of  the  six  first-class  countries  o* 
Europe — France.  Great  Britain  and  Ireland,  Ger- 
many, Austria  and  Italy,  then  add  Mexico — let 
some  mighty  smith  forge  them  all  together  into 
one  vast  empire,  and  you  can  lay  them  all  down  ia 
the  United  States,  west  of  the  Hudson  river, 
twice. 

Wittingly  has  it  been  said  that  the  United  States 
has  the  natural  basis  for  the  greatest  continuous 
government  ever  established  by  man.  Mexico  has 
less  than  100  miles  of  inland  navigation,  while  the 


OF   C.  A.  UOGARDUS.  IHI 

United  States  has  over  35,000  miles.  Steam  boats 
can  go  up  the  Mississippi,  Missouri  and  Ohio 
rivers  over  2,500  miles  from  the  Gulf,  thus  carry- 
ing our  sea  board  into  the  very  heart  of  our  conti- 
nent. As  to  our  resources,  the  crop  of  1879,  after 
feeding  our  population,  furnished  for  export  283,- 
000,000  bushels  of  grain.  This  vast  crop  was  raised 
on  164,215  square  miles,  or  less  than  one-twelfth  of 
our  arable  land.  It  is  estimated  that  if  all  our 
arable  land  was  under  the  plow,  it  would  feed  a 
population  of  1,000,000,000  people,  and  furnish  for 
export  1,000,000,00  bushels  of  grain  food  for 
export.  But  what  can  we  say  of  the  people  of 
Mexico  and  the  United  States?  The  difference  in 
our  population  is  not  alone  the  difference  between 
TO. 000,000  in  Mexico  to  72,000,000  in  the  United 
States,  but  the  differenee  between  io,ooo,oco 
Indians  and  Spaniards  atid  72,000,000  Anglo- 
Americans. 

Mexicans  and  Indians  are  but  semi-civilized,  and 
the  Spaniards  are  generally  speaking  a  sluggardly 
non-advancing  people,  while  the  Anglo-Americans 
of  the  United  States  are  the  most  highly  civilized 
people  on  the  earth,  wide  awake  and  progressive 
in  science,  literature  and  mechanical  inventions. 
At  a  recent  exposition  in  Paris  where  the  foremost 
nations  of  the  world  were  exhibiting  for  premiums 
five  gold  medals  were  given  for  the  greatest  inven- 
tions or  discoveries,  and  how  many  came  to  the 
United  States?  Only  five,  that  is  all.  Now  to  say 
that  because  Mexico  cannot  maintain  a  parity 
between  gold  and  silver,  America  cannot,  is  just 
about  like  saying  that  a  Kentucky  race  horse  can- 


19*4.  SPEECHES 

not  beat  an  English  horse  because  a  Mexican 
donkey  cannot  do  so.  My  friends,  our  ability  to 
maintain  a  parity  between  gold  and  silver  is  our 
ability  to  absorb  money  in  our  daily  and  yearly 
business.  Give  our  country  the  increased  volume 
of  money  that  bimetallism  will  give  us  instead  of 
the  necessary  contracted  volume  that  the  gold 
standard  leaves  us,  and  we  will  have  a  genuine 
lasting  wave  of  prosperity  moving  westward  from 
New  England,  starting  the  shops  at  increased 
wages.  That  wave  will  meet  with  joy  the  western 
prosperity  wave  that  sets  in  motion  the  mining  and 
agricultural  interests  of  a  patient  and  patriotic 
people,  the  eastern  and  western  wave  will  shake 
hands  with  the  southern  cotton  growers  and  north- 
ern wheat  raisers.  From  the  four  quarters  of  our 
nation  prosperity  will  spring  up  from  an  American 
point  of  view  without  waiting  for  the  aid  or  con- 
sent of  any  other  country,  and  without  an  inter- 
national agreement.  Then  will  a  mighty  people 
standing  for  humanity  and  general  prosperity., 
shout  aloud,  we  lead,  let  others  follow.  I  thanu 
you  for  your  attention.     Good  night. 


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